Hangzhou Museum of official kiln of Southern Song Dynasty

Hangzhou Southern Song Dynasty official kiln museum is located in the south of Yuhuang mountain in Hangzhou, at the West foot of Wugui mountain and the south edge of West Lake scenic spot. It is the first ceramic museum built on the basis of ancient kiln site in China. The museum consists of two parts: the exhibition hall and the protection building of the jiaotanxia kiln site. Here, you can understand the history, craft and aesthetic value of the official kilns, feel the charm and characteristics of the official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty, and realize the close relationship between the official kilns and the court culture and social customs in the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition to watching, you can also play with clay and experience the fun of making ceramics. The museum will also hold some related activities on a regular basis. People who are interested in porcelain can pay more attention to it.

Hangzhou Museum of official kiln of Southern Song Dynasty

The Museum covers an area of about 43000 square meters, with a construction area of 10000 square meters. It is composed of exhibition hall and jiaotanxia Guan kiln site protection building. It was officially opened to the public in 1992

. With the deepening of the excavation and protection of Hangzhou's historical and cultural resources, expansion and display transformation were carried out in 2002. The reformed Museum of the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty shows the charm and characteristics of the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty in an all-round way, which not only highlights the historical, technological and aesthetic values of the official kilns, but also fully reflects the close relationship between the official kilns and the court culture and social customs of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Development history

Hangzhou Southern Song Dynasty official kiln museum is located in the south of Yuhuang mountain in Hangzhou, at the West foot of Wugui mountain and the south edge of West Lake scenic spot. It is the first ceramic museum built on the basis of ancient kiln site in China.

The museum has elegant display, rich connotation and quiet environment. Since its completion, it has played a good role in displaying and disseminating Chinese ceramic culture, popularizing ceramic knowledge and highlighting the historical features of Hangzhou, the former capital of Southern Song Dynasty. It has been awarded the titles of Zhejiang Provincial Museum of civilization and the first batch of patriotic education bases in Zhejiang Province. Since May 18, 2003, it has been open to the public free of charge.

Among the numerous cultural relics in Hangzhou, there is a famous porcelain production site, which is famous at home and abroad. This is the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty, one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty. More than 800 years ago, the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty made a great contribution to the development of Chinese ceramics and left a historical footprint of ceramic culture in Hangzhou.

The official kiln Museum of the Southern Song Dynasty, which stands in the former ancient kiln site area, is the first Ceramic Museum Based on the site in China. It is located in the south of the West Lake scenic area, adjacent to the China Silk Museum across the Yuhuang mountain. The buildings in the museum are simple and elegant, just like a palace of ceramic culture, displaying the profound and extensive Chinese ancient ceramic culture. The official kiln was originally the royal family of the Northern Song Dynasty In the long process of ceramic production and development in ancient China, the feudal rulers, in order to meet their own special needs, ordered some folk kilns to make fine porcelain for the court. In the Northern Song Dynasty, imperial kilns were set up in Bianjing, which was the official kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty. After the song royal family moved to the south, according to the needs of the court, famous craftsmen were gathered again in Lin'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), and the official kilns of the southern end were set up in the lush hills in the southwest of the Imperial City, which were specially used to make high-grade domestic porcelain and artistic display porcelain for the emperor and the royal family. The official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty used the local porcelain clay and purple gold clay with high iron content as raw materials. According to the aesthetic taste of the court, they produced the official kiln celadon porcelain which was as moist as jade after careful processing and skilled firing. The characteristics of Guan kiln celadon are that the shape and glaze color are used as the artistic means to beautify the porcelain. The shape of the celadon is concise and dignified. The porcelain is very thin, the glaze layer is rich, and the color is crystal clear. The surface of the porcelain has irregular patterns, and the texture is like jade. Because of its high quality and the mystery of the imperial kiln, there are few handed down products. Therefore, it has always been regarded as a treasure in ancient China The process of multiple glazing and firing has reached the peak of celadon production level, providing technical support for the formation of jade quality and open decoration.

The official kiln site of the Southern Song Dynasty is a famous ancient kiln site which directly reflects the production scale, technological process and product characteristics of the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty. It has important historical and cultural value and rich connotation of ceramic technology, and has always attracted much attention. Since October 1985, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, together with the cultural relic departments of Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou Province, has jointly organized a team to excavate the Guanyao site of the Southern Song Dynasty. After a thorough excavation of half a year, the excavation covers an area of 1400 square meters in 22 places, including butanggou and tanfang. In the cultural layer of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is about 0.8-2 meters away from the earth's surface, mud training pool, plain firing furnace, molding workshop and glaze jar have been excavated In order to carry forward the national culture and protect this important historical and cultural heritage, Hangzhou Nanmo Guan kiln museum was established in April 1987 and opened to the public in October 1992.

The Museum covers an area of about 42500 square meters, with a construction area of more than 10000 square meters. It is divided into three functional areas: exhibition hall, ancient kiln site protection hall and DIY ceramic center. The Southern Song kiln site under Jiaotan is located in the museum area. The workshop site protection hall, with a construction area of 1400 square meters, is one of the rare large-scale cultural relics protection buildings in China.

architectural composition

The exhibition contents of the museum include the cultural relics display in three exhibition halls and the protective display of the sites of Yaofang and Longyao. It is a comprehensive ceramic display with the Southern Song Dynasty official kilns as the central theme, the sites and excavated cultural relics as the main exhibits, as well as other ancient ceramic relics and modern antique porcelain masterpieces. The exhibition area of the museum is about 2000 square meters, which is divided into five parts: the first exhibition hall, the second exhibition hall, the third exhibition hall, the workshop site protection exhibition hall, and the Longyao site protection exhibition gallery. The exhibition hall is mainly artificial lighting, supplemented by natural lighting. There is a corridor between the exhibition hall and the protection building. The first part of the exhibition is "ancient ceramics". Located in the first exhibition hall, it displays nearly 100 pieces of representative ancient ceramics from Liangzhu black pottery of Neolithic Age to blue and white porcelain, colored glaze porcelain and painted porcelain of Ming and Qing Dynasties in chronological order The cultural relics of the seven major kilns, such as Jingdezhen celadon and Jingdezhen celadon, are displayed with charts and text layout to outline the overall context of the development history of Chinese ceramics, especially to highlight the prosperity of the porcelain industry in the last dynasty, and to create a simple to in-depth reference for the audience to understand the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty.

The second part, the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty, is the exhibition center of the whole museum. It is located in the second exhibition hall. From the perspectives of historical features, production technology and appreciation of utensils, it systematically introduces the origin of the establishment and development of the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty by displaying a large number of unearthed cultural relics and specimens, combined with plates, characters, scenery boxes and other auxiliary materials, and the modeling style, glaze characteristics and decorative art of the official kiln porcelain of the Southern Song Dynasty And the aesthetic connotation, the whole process of the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln production technology and its unique excellence, vividly reproduce the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln's world-famous brilliance, also from one side reflects the Southern Song Dynasty Hangzhou's urban style and the wisdom of the porcelain makers at that time.

The third part, the new flower of ancient porcelain, is located in the third exhibition hall, which is a collection of domestic antique imitations. It is a masterpiece of antique imitations elaborately made by relevant domestic scientific research and production units on the basis of inheriting traditional crafts and using modern technology, reflecting the promotion and development of traditional ceramic culture.

The fourth part is the display of the workshop site of the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln. The workshop site of the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln is rectangular in plane, mainly including 12 relics, such as mud pool, molding workshop, pottery car pit, retaining wall, billet drying yard, plain firing furnace, billet pile, glaze tank, billet repairing and glazing workshop, finished product stacking house, drainage ditch, etc., which reflects the important production links of the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln and is a rare real place It's a historical scene. The workshop site is protected in a specially built protection hall, which avoids the direct infringement of natural factors on the site. There are elevated visiting corridors around the hall, which not only separate the flow of people from the site properly, but also facilitate the visitors to visit from the perspective of overlooking.

The fifth part is the display of the Longyao site of the Southern Song Dynasty. The dragon kiln of the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty lies on the slope, with its head low and its tail high, like a fire dragon diving downward. The whole dragon kiln can be divided into three sections: kiln head, kiln chamber and kiln tail. The length is 40.8 meters, the average width is 2 meters, and the height difference between the head and the tail is 7.2 meters. The Longyao site is protected in the Longyao protection Gallery built in accordance with the situation. On both sides are ladder shaped paths for visitors to climb up the stairs and watch on the fence.

The collection of the Museum of the Southern Song Dynasty in Hangzhou is mainly made up of all kinds of cultural relics unearthed from the site. There are more than 8000 pieces of cultural relics and restored artifacts, as well as hundreds of other ancient ceramic relics. A large number of cultural relics unearthed from the site provide reliable examples for the study of the porcelain making process and the characteristics of body glaze of the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty. The main fine works in the collection are: Zhen type stove, extravagant mouth, round foot, bulging belly, 10.5cm high, 17.4cm diameter, 13.7cm foot diameter. It is imitated the bronze style of Shang and Zhou Dynasty. It has fine glaze, pink color, dense fine grain pieces, simple and thick shape, solemn and generous. It should be a classic work of the official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty and restored after being unearthed. The Bagua pattern fumigation stove cover is an exquisite piece after careful repair. It is 18.5cm in diameter and 4.5cm in height

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