Longquan mountain

Longquan mountains

synonym

Longquan Mountain (Sichuan Longquan Mountain) generally refers to the Longquan mountains

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

to examine

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Longquan Mountain range is located in the west of Sichuan Basin, which is the eastern edge of Chengdu Plain (the western edge is Longmen mountain range), with a north-south trend. Longquan Mountain range is the watershed between Minjiang River and Tuojiang River, and also the natural boundary between Chengdu Plain and hills in Central Sichuan. Longquan Mountain range is 200 kilometers long and 10 kilometers wide. The whole mountain range is narrow and long.

During the period of the Republic of China, the mountain range was called Lutou mountain range.

The districts and counties along the Longquan mountains are the main settlements of Hakkas in Sichuan. Taking Xihe town in Chengdu as an example, 95% of the residents in the town are Hakkas of Guangdong nationality.

geographical position

Longquan Mountain range is located between 103 ° 40 ′ - 104 ° 40 ′ E and 29 ° 40 ′ - 30 ° 30 ′ n, trending South (by West) and North (by East). It is the eastern mountain range of Chengdu Plain (the western mountain range is Longmen mountain range). It starts from Anzhou District of Mianyang City in the north, passes through Fucheng District, Deyang City, Zhongjiang County, Guanghan City, Jintang County, Longquanyi District of Chengdu City, Shuangliu District, Jianyang City and Renshou County of Chengdu City, and ends at Leshan City in the south.

The mountain range is 200 kilometers long and 10 kilometers wide. The whole mountain range is narrow and long. In the west of Sichuan Basin and the east of Chengdu Plain, the mountains form a high and narrow uplift, with Chengdu Plain in the West and hills in the middle of Sichuan in the East. The mountain range is generally 1000 meters above sea level, with the highest peak at 1051 meters above sea level in Longquanyi District, Chengdu City.

Longquan Mountain is called Longquan Mountain in Chengdu. It was called "Fendong mountain" in Tang Dynasty (fendongling in Wenwang tablet of Northern Zhou Dynasty and Fendong mountain in Jianzhou annals). In Song Dynasty, it was renamed "Lingquan mountain" with Lingquan County, and in Ming Dynasty, it was renamed "Longquan Mountain". It is a famous spring resort and the hometown of papaya fruit in Chengdu. In the scenic spot, there are the stele of King Wen of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the mausoleum of King Shu Fu, and the cliff statues. There is also an ancient Shijing Temple behind the mountain. It rises according to the mountain and has a large scale.

Vegetation condition

Arable land accounts for more than half of the mountain area. The forest vegetation is secondary natural forest or artificial forest, which is distributed in patches surrounded by agricultural land, and only in the upper part of the mountain there is a large area of forest. The forest coverage is about 23%. The main tree species are: cypress, alder, masson pine, oak. The whole forest is single layer forest, the tree height is 15-20m, and the shrub under the forest is rare. Most of the hollows in the forest are covered with yellow backed grass.

agricultural production

People living in Longquan Mountain range almost all live by planting crops. Loquat is a special product in Longquanshan area of Sichuan Province.

The forest area of Longquan Mountain in Chengdu is about 50 square kilometers. There are more than 400 varieties of fruits, such as peach, pear, apple, loquat and grape. Among them, peach is famous for its big skin, thin skin, fresh color and juicy juice. The newly introduced Kyoho grape, Dongting loquat and Datian plum are well-known both inside and outside the province.

Every spring, when peach and pear flowers are in full bloom, the whole Longquan Mountain is beautiful, which is a good place for Chengdu people to go for an outing.

climate

The annual average temperature in Longquan Mountain area is 16 ℃, and the annual precipitation is 920 mm. In October and early November every year, cloudy and sunny days alternate in Longquan mountains. The temperature is between 10-21 ℃, and the northerly or northerly wind is 1-2.

The monthly average temperature and precipitation in Longquan mountains are as follows

Scenery

Yunding mountain

Yunding mountain, located in the middle of Longquan mountains, is a famous tourist attraction near Chengdu. Yunding mountain is located in Jintang County, Chengdu. The scenic spots include xiaoyunding mountain, Hantan ancient ferry, Jintang Three Gorges, jiulongtan, Sanxue temple, Paotai mountain and Tianxing cave, covering an area of 67 square kilometers.

Dayunding mountain, 982 meters above sea level, is tall and straight, with steep cliffs falling into the clouds. It is surrounded by several miles like a knife and axe. There are dozens of acres of flat land on it, which is like a city wall. Therefore, it is also known as "Shicheng mountain". It is one of the eight defense systems of mountain cities in the late Song Dynasty, and it is a famous anti yuan Castle site. On the mountain, there are many beautiful sceneries, such as "sunrise on cloud top", "sea of clouds on fog mountain", "clear haze on cloud top". The dayunding temple on the top of the mountain was built in the northern and Southern Dynasties. It was called Qingxiu temple at that time and rebuilt during the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty.

There are stone sculptures of the Tang Dynasty on the mountain. Xiaoyunding mountain is 2.5km away from dayuanding mountain. The peak is thin. There are more than 110 kinds of trees in the whole mountain. The sun is covered with thick shade and the mountain is green. Jintang small Three Gorges is cut off by Tuojiang River and formed by Longquan Mountain range. The gorge is 10 kilometers long, with high mountains and deep valleys. The river water rushes out of the gorge, which is magnificent.

Migration of migratory birds

The migratory route is the same every year. Spring is the breeding season of migratory birds, they will fly from south to north; in autumn, they will return to the south to overwinter. Among the eight major migratory routes in the world, three will pass through China, and the one closely related to Sichuan is the migration route from Central Asia to the Indian peninsula. After entering Sichuan, the migration route from Central Asia to the Indian peninsula can be divided into three branches. In the eastern route, the migratory birds from Shaanxi Province migrate southward, along the Jialing River and through Eastern Sichuan into Chongqing and Guizhou; in the middle route, the migratory birds will move along Longquan Mountain range and Chengdu Plain into Guizhou and Yunnan; in the western route, the migratory birds mainly migrate from Liangshan Mountain, Qionglai mountain range and other places along Hengduan Mountain range. The main route of birds migration in Sichuan Province is along the middle line of Longquan mountains and Chengdu Plain. In addition, the middle line and the east line are also migration channels for trans provincial and transnational migratory birds.

Relic sites

Since ancient times, Yunding mountain has been a must for military strategists. The Southern Song dynasty built the city here. During the song and Yuan wars, they moved to Chengdu Fu Road, Chuanfu Road, Anjun and other places successively. They set up the "Lixu division" to defend the city. After many battles, they held on for 15 years, and finally lost because of the exhaustion of food in the city. At present, there are 8 gates and military sites, such as urn City, one word wall, battery, barracks, Tianchi, well, sentry box, water army wharf, etc.

Forest Park

Longquanshan Urban Forest Park starts from Jintang County in the north, Tianfu New District in the south, Longquanyi District in the West and Jianyang City in the East. It covers the Chengdu section of Longquan mountains on the eastern edge of Chengdu Plain, six districts (cities) and counties including Chengdu high tech Zone, Chengdu Tianfu new area, Longquanyi District, Qingbaijiang District, Jianyang City and Jintang County, and covers "three lakes and one mountain" (Sancha lake, Longquan Lake, Cuiping Lake and Longquan Mountain). The park is only 30km away from the central urban area of Chengdu. It is the nearest mountain to the urban area of Chengdu. It is close to the airport and the high-speed rail gateway hub. It is 15km away from Tianfu International Airport, 25km away from Shuangliu International Airport, 5km away from Tianfu station of high-speed rail and 15km away from Chengdu east station.

The construction of urban forest in Longquan Mountain mainly realizes five main functions: ecological function, service function, industrial function, landscape function, cultural function, and the most important is to realize ecological function. Green isolation, soil and water conservation, climate regulation, oxygen generation and humidification will be the green welfare of the forest park for Chengdu.

The planning layout of urban forest in Longquan Mountain is "two districts and three belts, three lakes and ten gardens, and dense dot network".

Two zones: urban forest ecological zone and peripheral ecological coordination zone.

The three belts refer to the "ridge ecological landscape belt", "West foot recreation service belt" and "east foot industrial landscape belt" of Longquan Mountain.

Three lakes: the formation of Sancha lake, Longquan Lake, Cuiping Lake as the representative of the urban wetland park.

Ten Parks: it refers to the forest park group composed of jintangshan Forest Park, Guanyinshan Forest Park, Yundingshan Forest Park, Xinghuacun Forest Park, jinlonghu Forest Park, Wanxing leisure Forest Park, Taohua hometown Forest Park, danjingshan sanehu Forest Park, danjingshan Forest Park and Cherry Valley Forest Park.

Dot net dense: it refers to the dot net dense forest ecological protection and recreation network system composed of 9 categories, including ecological restoration, forest conservation, forest health, agriculture and forestry industry, flower enhancement, forest recreation, history and culture, popular science education and modern service industry, with more than 20 pieces, more than 100 nodes and more than 10 landscape belts.

earthquake

Longquanshan fault zone

There is a Longquanshan fault zone in the Longquan mountains, and some small earthquakes with magnitude less than 3 often occur. This fault zone occasionally causes some less serious destructive earthquakes.

The Longquanshan fault zone, like the Longmenshan fault zone, which caused the Wenchuan earthquake, is a thrust fault. It is exposed near the surface of some sections of Longquanshan mountain and tilts to the northwest. That is to say, the fault plane is tilted. The deeper it goes, the farther it is to the West. It extends to the foot of Longmenshan mountain and even to the west of Longmenshan mountain, and is compounded with Longmenshan fault at a certain depth, In other words, Longquanshan fault zone and Longmenshan fault zone are homologous.

Because the Longquanshan fault zone is inclined to the northwest, the earthquakes caused by it often occur in the west of Longquanshan, from the west slope of Longquan Mountain to the whole Chengdu Plain. Here are the destructive seismic records of the Longquanshan fault zone

On January 24, 1967, the epicenter of the earthquake was Jitian, Shuangliu, with a magnitude of 5.5, causing 7 deaths and 57 serious injuries. The southern Jintang earthquake of MS 4.3 occurred on February 24, 1969, the Jingyan Tianyun earthquake of MS 4.3 occurred on June 29, 1979, and the Shuangliu Renshou earthquake of MS 4.4 occurred on May 31, 2001.

Chinese PinYin : Long Quan Shan