Mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty

Sui Wendi mausoleum is the mausoleum of Sui Wendi Yang Jian. The mausoleum was built in the fourth year of Renshou (AD 602) of Sui Dynasty. It is a royal mausoleum with spacious area and large scale. In front of the mausoleum, there is a Qing Dynasty stone tablet engraved with five characters "Sui Wendi tailing Mausoleum".

Outside the mausoleum is the site of the temple of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty. It is the place where descendants and people worship. The temple buildings are magnificent.

Tailing

synonym

The mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty generally refers to the mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty (Mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty Yang Jian)

Built in 602 A.D. in the second year of Renshou of the Sui Dynasty, the tailing mausoleum is the joint Tomb of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty Yang Jian and empress Dugu of literature. It is located on sanwanyuan, 5 km west of Yangling District, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, namely Wangshang village, Wuquan Town, Yangling District. Yang Jian, the founding emperor of the Sui Dynasty, is buried here, hence the name of Yangling District. Yang Jian was in power for 23 years. He died in dabaodian in 604. He was 64 years old and was buried here.

Brief introduction of imperial mausoleum

The mausoleum of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, formerly known as Tai mausoleum, is the joint Tomb of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty Yang Jian and empress Dugu. It was discovered and repaired in the Qing Dynasty, and now it is called "tailing". The imperial mausoleum, also known as tailing mausoleum and Yangling mausoleum, was built in the second year of Renshou (602 AD) of Sui Dynasty. It is located in Wangshang village, Wuquan Town, 5 km west of Yangling District, Shaanxi Province. Yangling railway station is in the East, Zhangshang village is in the south, and Zhongnanshan is across the Weihe River.

The mausoleum is a royal mausoleum, which covers a large area. Judging from the remains of the cemetery base site, it is 756 meters long from east to west and 652 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of more than 490000 square meters. The base site of Que Lou is still preserved around. Outside the mausoleum is the site of the temple of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, where descendants and common people worship.

The temple building is magnificent, covering an area of nearly 150000 square meters. After more than 1400 years of wind and rain, the imperial mausoleum is becoming more and more ancient. The ground buildings and cultural relics in the garden have disappeared. Only a 27.4-meter-high bucket shaped mausoleum is left. There is a Qing Dynasty stone tablet in front of the mausoleum, engraved with the five characters of "Sui Wendi tailing", written by Bi Yuan, governor of Shaanxi Province during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and erected by Xiong jiazhenle, magistrate of Fufeng County.

Cultural relics protection

In 1957, the mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty was announced as the second batch of "key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province" by the provincial government.

In 1996, it was announced by the State Council as a "national key cultural relics protection unit".

The mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty is a link between the past and the future in the history of Chinese mausoleum. It lays a foundation for the development of Mausoleum of Tang and Song dynasties. The study of Mausoleum of Sui Dynasty is of special historical significance. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the mausoleum.

Earth sealing of Mausoleum

The mausoleum is 27.4 meters high. It is shaped like a covered bucket and rammed. The bottom area is 26560 square meters. The top of the tomb is flat, 38 meters wide from north to south. Three to five meters have been excavated from the bottom of the tomb. The remains are 166 meters long from east to west and 160 meters wide from north to south. Around the mausoleum, there was a rammed earth city wall, which has been basically destroyed. Only the North City has a remnant wall, about 130 meters long, 1.2 meters high and 5.5 meters wide. The tamping layer is clear and the tamping pit is obvious. After preliminary drilling, the Lingyuan is 756 meters long from east to west and 652 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of 492900 square meters. A large number of brick and tile fragments were found in the four corners and the middle of the wall, which should be the remains of the que tower and the city gate built at that time.

There is a remnant of the cemetery site near the mound. Brick and tile decoration with strong Buddhist color is found in the remnant.

Stele of the tailing Mausoleum

There is a Qing Dynasty stone tablet in the south of the tomb. It is about 3.5 meters high, 0.95 meters wide and 0.28 meters thick. It is made of limestone and has a round head. Its surface is complete and smooth. The body of the tablet is inscribed with five characters of "Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty tailing". On the right side, it is written in regular script as "Bi Yuanjing's letter to Jinshi, Minister of the Ministry of war and vice governor of Shaanxi". On the left side, it is inscribed as "Emperor Qianlong's second birthday, bingshen, mengqiu's knowledge of Xiong Jiazhen in Fufeng County" Li Shi.

Ruins of the emperor's temple

On the high platform 1.25 kilometers below the southeast tableland of the mausoleum, there was a temple (altar) of Emperor Wen. On the ruins, there was a GUI Er, a lying head of a turtle, and a Song Dynasty inscription, which is called "Temple of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty". The stone tablet here has been eroded by wind and rain, and the handwriting is illegible.

There are abundant relics in the site of Emperor Wen's Mausoleum and its ancestral temple. In many investigations, many cultural relics have been collected. Most of them are made of building materials, including floor tiles and wall tiles.

There are two kinds of floor tiles: Lotus Square brick and diamond pattern brick. Lotus square bricks are 32cm in length, width and 5.5cm in thickness. The central pattern of the bricks is embossed lotus pattern, the corners are decorated with vines, the four sides are low, and the beads are engraved in the shade. The rhombic grid square bricks are 31cm in length, width and 5.5cm in thickness, one side is decorated with grid patterns, and the other side is plain. In addition, there are two kinds of bricks (including thick rope pattern and plain surface). Plain surface brick has a high temperature and hard texture. The board tiles and tube tiles are of different thickness. Among them, the well preserved tube tiles are more, while the board tiles are less. The plain surface is on the outside and the coarse cloth pattern is on the inside. Secondly, a large number of tiles are unearthed, mainly including single petal lotus tiles, double petal lotus tiles and beast tiles Miandang, Yunwen and Bodhisattva tile are vivid in design style and exquisite in craftsmanship. Among them, the most precious one is Bodhisattva tile, only one piece with a diameter of 13cm has been found. In the center of the tile is a Bodhisattva who sits with his hands folded in ten knots. The pattern of his clothes is not clear now (the existing Fufeng County Museum). In addition, there are a large number of ceramic ridge ornaments and other building materials. The excavation of these cultural relics provides valuable historical materials for the study of the economy, culture and life of the Sui Dynasty.

surrounding environment

To the south of the cemetery is a kiwi orchard, to the north is a greenhouse vegetable base, to the East is farmland, and to the west is a greenhouse vegetable base.

When the weather is clear, you can get a panoramic view of Qinling Mountains, Longhai railway line, Weihui canal, farmland and villages in the south

There used to be trees planted on the mausoleum to protect the mausoleum, but they have been gradually reduced due to the neglect of management in recent years

There is a small temple built for Emperor Wen near the mausoleum, but it is dilapidated. We can only use a wisp of sadness to comfort the glory of Emperor Wen

Legend of imperial mausoleum

It is said that emperor Tai was not so low. Yang Jian, the emperor of Wen, worked hard and accomplished the great cause of unifying the world. In his later years, he still did not forget to work hard on state affairs and went out to inspect the territory. On the way back to daxingdu, he died of illness. The coffin pulling motorcade crunched on the rough road, and the shaft of the car was broken in the place where the tomb was located. It was hot and scorching, so we had to bury it on the spot. The common people, like ants, are white. Use shoe pocket, skirt bag and palm. Three times for each person, the Loess piled up into a mountain like mausoleum, tens of miles around. Today's low appearance is caused by the decrease of the surrounding farmers who open up their fields and borrow more soil.

What's more, at midnight, the night is deep and the voice is quiet. Seven golden foals came out of the mausoleum. They chased and played at the top of the mausoleum. The clear and melodious sound of the bells was carried far away by the night wind in the silent and distant moon night. Farmers who have been working hard all day can still hear the sweet sound in their dreams. The foals, who are not familiar with the world, don't want to know that they have been schemed by black hearted people. Finally, in a moonless night, the thieves captured six horses. There is a still every night out looking for companions, issued a lonely shrill neighing. In the end, even the horse was stolen. There was a pit on the top of the mausoleum, which was left by the tomb robbers when they stole the horse. Without the foal, the imperial mausoleum lost its magic and became an ordinary earth lump.

Tomb owner

Brief introduction to Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty: Yang Jian, the founding emperor of Sui Dynasty (541-604 A.D.), is the son of Yang Zhong, the great general of Western Wei Dynasty,

Hongnong Huayin (now Huayin City, Shaanxi Province) people. In 581 ad, Zhou was called emperor and established the Sui Dynasty with the capital of Chang'an and the year name of kaihuang. In 589 ad, Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen Dynasty, which ended nearly 300 years of division, unified the whole country, laid the foundation for Chinese culture, and provided material conditions for the revival and development of the mausoleum system. The territory of the Sui Dynasty reached the sea in the East and south, Qinghai in the West and Wuyuan in the north. Emperor Wen made a difference in politics, which was called "the rule of kaihuang" in history. He carried out the equal field system, established the imperial examination system, and established a relatively perfect centralized system, which laid the foundation for the political and economic development of the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Wen was diligent in government affairs and sympathized with the sufferings of the people, which was rare among autocratic emperors. In the book the most influential 100 people in history, Emperor Wen ranked 82nd for reunifying China and building the Grand Canal.

Compared with his great historical influence, his final destination is still a little neglected. Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty died in the fourth year of Renshou. In October of the same year, he was buried with empress Dugu in the same tomb.

The empress of literature, Dugu Jialuo (544-602 A.D.), was born in Yunzhong (now Inner Mongolia) of the Sui Dynasty and the seventh daughter of Sima Dugu Xin. Duguxin saw that Yang Jian was magnificent and dignified, so he betrothed Jialuo's daughter to be married at the age of 14. After Emperor Wen of Sui ascended the throne, he was granted the title of Queen. The empress of literature was gentle, respectful and filial, humble and self-defense, which was very favored by Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. When Emperor Wen went to the court, she and the emperor went in the same chariot to the pavilion. Waiting for its retreat

Chinese PinYin : Sui Wen Di Ling