Linde Hall

Linde hall, located on the highland to the west of Taiye pool, is a place for banquet, informal reception and entertainment of the Tang emperor. His Highness has a two-story platform. The hall itself is composed of the front, middle and back halls, so it is commonly known as the "three halls". The three halls are nine in width, the front hall is four in depth, and the middle and back halls are about five in depth. Except the middle hall is a two-story Pavilion, the front and back halls are single-layer buildings, with a total width of 582 meters and a total depth of 86 meters. There are two pavilions on the left and right sides of the middle hall, and two floors on the left and right sides of the back hall in the north of the pavilion, which are called Yuyi building and Jielin building. They are all built on brick platforms more than 7 meters high. From the tower to the south, there are overhead flying towers leading to the second Pavilion, and from the second pavilion to the inside, there are flying towers leading to the upper layer of the middle hall, forming a huge group of buildings. There are corridors on the East and west sides of the front hall, southbound at the corner, and a celebration Pavilion on the East corridor. According to historical records, 3000 people can sit in front of the hall and under the corridor during the banquet, perform all kinds of operas, and play polo in front of the hall. Therefore, the front of the hall is likely to be the open Guangchang Linde hall, which is the most complex architectural complex in Tang Dynasty. Linde hall was built in the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, so it was named "Linde". It is located on the highland to the west of taiyechi in the north of Daming Palace. It is an important place for the emperor to give banquets to the officials, to play a role for the officials, to see the officials and to watch the music. The site is 130 meters long from north to South and 70 meters wide from east to west. According to the excavation, the hall has a plane width of 11 rooms and a depth of 17 rooms. It has a column network layout with a depth of about twice the length of the plane width. The area can reach 5000 square meters, which is about three times of the existing Taihe hall in the Palace Museum of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing. There are pavilions on both sides of the hall, forming a complex building. The scale of Linde hall is in the forefront of Chinese palace architecture, which shows that the wooden architecture in China has solved the technical problems of large span and large volume in Tang Dynasty, and has the trend of modular and stereotyped. Daming Palace was destroyed in the late Tang Dynasty. The relics of the site, such as Hanyuan hall, Linde hall, Sanqing hall, xiangluan and Qifeng pavilions, Taiye pool and Penglai Pavilion, can still be seen clearly.

Linde Hall

Linde hall is the state banquet hall of Daming Palace in Chang'an City, the capital of Tang Dynasty. Linde hall is adjacent to Taiye pool in the East and the West palace wall. This palace is the largest in ancient China. It is also one of the most important palaces in Daming Palace. It was built in the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty (664-665) and destroyed in the reign of emperor Guangqi of Tang Dynasty (886). It has been used and existed for about 220 years.

The Linde hall is also the largest single building in Chinese history. The whole palace is located on a platform of more than 10000 square meters. The building of Linde hall shares 192 columns, which is three times as large as the Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City today,

It was the place where the emperor entertained his ministers, watched acrobatics and dances, did Buddhist and foreign affairs.

The base is 130 meters long from north to South and 80 meters wide from east to west. The front hall is 11 rooms wide and 4 rooms deep, with a total building area of 12300 square meters.

In 2014, at the 38th UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Linde hall, as a part of Tang Daming Palace, was listed in the "Silk Road: the road network of chang'an-tianshan corridor" and became a world cultural heritage.

The origin of the name

It is said that Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty once happened to find a mark on the west side of Taiye pool. A closer look at it is the fingerprint of Qilin. This is a rare auspicious omen in the Tang Dynasty, and it is one of the four auspicious omens, so it is very important. In order to hold the celebration ceremony, Gaozong simply built a banquet hall at the fingerprint, which can accommodate thousands of people. In this way, Linde hall was born. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty also changed the year's title of longshuo to Linde.

Zhang Ji, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, describes the prosperous scene of Linde hall in Daming Palace of the Tang Dynasty in his "cold food banquet": three halls are opened deep in Ruiyan, and hundreds of officials are attracted when the spring rain is slight. This palace represents the luxury and glory of the Tang Dynasty and witnessed the gradual prosperity of the Tang Dynasty.

Organizational scale

Linde hall, with its magnificent structure, can be regarded as a classic of architecture in Tang Dynasty. Linde hall is located on a high ground in the west of Taiye pool of Daming Palace. Its site has been excavated. The total area of the ground floor is about 5000 square meters. It is composed of four halls (two of which are buildings) closely connected in front and back.

On the left and right sides of the main building, there are square and rectangular high platforms. On the platform, there are smaller buildings, which are connected with the upper layer of the hall by arc flying bridges. It is speculated that there may be corridors surrounding the whole building to form a courtyard. Linde hall is a combination of several halls which are staggered in height and height. It sets off the main building with smaller buildings in the East and West, making the overall image more magnificent and rich. His Highness has a two-story platform. The hall itself is composed of the front, middle and back halls, so it is commonly known as the "three halls". The three halls are nine in width, the front hall is four in depth, and the middle and back halls are about five in depth. Except the middle hall is a two-story Pavilion, the front and back halls are single-layer buildings, with a total width of 582 meters and a total depth of 86 meters. There are two pavilions on the left and right sides of the middle hall, and two floors on the left and right sides of the back hall in the north of the pavilion, which are called Yuyi building and Jielin building. They are all built on brick platforms more than 7 meters high. From the tower to the south, there are overhead flying towers leading to the second Pavilion, and from the second pavilion to the inside, there are flying towers leading to the upper layer of the middle hall, forming a huge group of buildings. There are corridors on the East and west sides of the front hall, southbound at the corner, and a celebration Pavilion on the East corridor.

Function and evaluation

Palace function

There are three halls in Ruiyan's deep place, and hundreds of officials are attracted when the spring rain is slight. In the cold food banquet written by Zhang Ji, a poet of Tang Dynasty, this is the description of the prosperous scene of Linde Hall of Daming Palace in Tang Dynasty. This is a place for banquet, informal reception and entertainment. The emperor often held court banquets, watched music and dance performances and met envoys here. In 703 A.D., Wu Zetian met and hosted a banquet for Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty, Mr. surita. Emperor Zong of the Tang Dynasty once held a banquet for more than 3500 officers and soldiers of Shence army. At that time, officials of the Tang Dynasty were proud to be able to attend the banquet in the hall of Linde.

During the banquet in Linde hall, there were 3000 people sitting in front of the hall and in the corridor, performing all kinds of operas, and playing polo in front of the hall.

Evaluation of later generations

Linde hall is one of the most complex buildings in Tang Dynasty.

Archaeological report

The location of Linde hall is on the high ground in the west of taiyechi, only 90 meters away from the west wall of the palace city. The excavation of this hall began in early December 1957. First, a part of the back of the hall was excavated. After understanding the preservation of the hall, the excavation continued in May 1958. The excavation was not completed until May 1959 (a few months of stoppage in the middle). It took nearly nine months before and after excavation, but the excavation of the walls around the hall was not finished.

Taiji

The site of Linde hall is mainly composed of two parts: the platform base and the hall. Because the house of the hall has been completely destroyed, there is no way to know its whole picture and structure (beam frame). Only the shape of the platform base is still in good condition, and the general outline of the hall can be seen from its shape.

The foundation is rammed with soil. Judging from the remaining brick foundation, there are brick walls around the original foundation. Due to the damage, there are only some brick foundations and marks. The plane of the platform base is rectangular, 130.41 meters long from north to South and 77.55 meters wide from east to west. The platform base is a heavy platform with two layers. When the platform base is 1.4 meters higher than the ground at that time, it is 6.2 meters inward from the East and west sides, and 8 meters inward from the south end (the north end is damaged, but it may be the same as the south end). Then it is a heavy platform with a height of 1.1 meters and a width of 65.15 meters from the east to the West. The hall and veranda are built on the platform. According to drilling, the foundation was about 3.2 meters deep under the ground at that time, with a total thickness of 5.7 meters. From the thickness and area of the foundation, we can see that the project is very large. The top of the whole platform base and the broken walls of the veranda hall have been burned. The surface soil has become hard red burnt soil. Bricks and stones have changed color because of the fire. There are still many ashes left on the ground. From these conditions, the hall was abandoned after burning.

Palace Site

The hall is located on the top of the platform base, in the middle. The direction of the East and West Mountains is the same as that of the platform base, both of which are 1 ° south by West. The temple building has been destroyed, only the pit of the wall base and column base of the two mountains are preserved, and the highest place of the gable is only 0.6 meters. There are 17 rows of North and South and 10 rows of East and West (the two rows outside the East and West Mountains are the plinths of the cloister, not counting), 164 in total (the row in the middle of the front hall (East and West) is four plinths), and only one is intact. The base of the column is covered basin type. Because it was burned, the stone has been broken, and the periphery is incomplete. It is about 1.2 meters long and 1.2 meters wide. The covered basin is incomplete, and its diameter is unknown. In the middle of the basin bottom, there is a round mortise with a diameter of 0.15 meters. In addition to this only column foundation, the rest have no existence, only the pit position of the column foundation is still clear. Judging from the door site, partition wall and column base of the hall, the hall is connected and juxtaposed, which is divided into front (South), middle and back (North), with the middle hall as the main hall.

Central Hall

There are 9 rooms in the East and West, with a total length of 47.7 meters (except the thickness of the gable wall), 5 rooms in depth, with a depth of 19.7 meters (except the front and back walls), and the width of the three rooms in the middle is the same, with a width of 5 meters, except that the side space on both sides is narrower, which is more than 2.3 meters. The thickness of the gables at both ends is slightly different, 5.35 meters in the West and 5.5 meters in the East. The front wall is 2.2 meters thick and the back wall is 2.4 meters thick. There are three gates in front and back, facing north and south, except for the middle gate, which is 5 meters wide

Chinese PinYin : Lin De Dian