Qianling Museum

Qianling Mausoleum Museum is a Chinese Mausoleum Museum. It is the place where Li Zhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, was buried together with Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history. It is the only tomb where a couple of emperors were buried together in China and even in the world. Near the Qianling mausoleum are the tombs of Princess Yongtai, Prince Zhanghuai and Prince Yide. The highlight of the scenic spot is the "wordless stele" of Qianling mausoleum, also known as the monument, which is a huge wordless stele for Empress Wu Zetian. Wordless stele is carved with a complete Boulder, giving people a dignified thick, integrated beauty.

Qianling Museum

Qianling museum is the Museum of Chinese mausoleum. Located in the tomb of Princess Yongtai in the southeast of Qianling, Qianxian County, Shaanxi Province, it was established in 1978. Its predecessor was the Qianling Cultural Relic Management Office established in 1960. Qianling mausoleum is the place where Li Zhi (628-683), Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, and Wu Zetian (624-705), the only female emperor in Chinese history, were buried together. It is the only mausoleum where a couple of emperors were buried together in China and even in the world. The mausoleum is 80 kilometers away from the ancient capital Xi'an, and the national highway from Xi'an to Lanzhou passes along the mausoleum. Qianling mausoleum is a national key cultural relic protection unit and a famous tourist attraction in the west of Shaanxi Province.

In February 2020, in order to pay tribute to the medical workers struggling in the front line of anti epidemic, from the date of resumption of operation to December 31, 2020, the policy of free visit to all medical workers in the country will be implemented.

brief introduction

Qianling museum was built on the site of the accompanying tombs of Tang mausoleum. It originated from the tomb of Princess Yongtai of Tang Dynasty excavated in the early 1960s. It is the earliest and highest level large female tomb excavated in Shaanxi after the founding of new China. In order to protect the cemetery properly

In August 1961, on the basis of the excavation of the tombs, the Qianling cultural relics protection and management office was established. It is the first cultural museum unit established in Shaanxi Province to specially protect the emperor's mausoleum, which is of pioneering significance and the earliest one among the counterparts in the country. The Mausoleum Museum represented by it constitutes the main body of Shaanxi Heritage Museum, and has contributed to the development of Shaanxi Museum. From this time on, the Qianling Museum has gone through nearly half a century of hard work. The mysterious Qianling mausoleum is known as "the crown of Tang mausoleum". It stands on the top of Liangshan Mountain, overlooking the land of Sanqin. The solemn museum is located at the foot of Qianling mausoleum, which is simple and elegant. Together, they constitute a beautiful landscape on the land of Sanqin. There are world-famous wordless steles, thousands of exquisite cultural relics, many unsolved historical mysteries, and infinite charm and rich information.

Characteristics of Qianling Mausoleum

The Qianling mausoleum is a model of the burial system of the Tang Dynasty. According to the burial system of "depending on the mountain as the mausoleum", the palace was built in the main peak of Liangshan Mountain at an altitude of 1047.9 meters. The whole mausoleum imitates the pattern of Chang'an City in Tang Dynasty, with grand scale and magnificent architecture, which can be called "the crown of mausoleums of all dynasties". According to Tang Huiyao, the Qianling mausoleum covers an area of more than 150000 mu. The original cemetery has two walls, with four gates in the inner city. It is called Qinglong gate in the East, Zhuque gate in the south, Baihu gate in the West and Xuanwu Gate in the north, with a total area of about 2.3 million square meters. There are 378 splendid buildings in the city, such as Xiandian, Pianfang, cloister, que Lou, di Renjie, etc. There are 124 exquisite large-scale stone carvings in the cemetery, from the south to the north along the main axis of Sima road

There are 1 pair of Huabiao, 1 pair of winged horse (Tianma), 1 pair of high relief ostrich, 5 pairs of fighting horse and controller, 10 pairs of Zhonglang general (also known as Weng Zhong) with robes and swords, 2 stone steles (Wuzi stele and shushengji stele), 61 statues of fanchen (29 in the East Group and 32 in the West Group), 2 stone lions outside the four gates of inner city, and 6 stone horses outside the north gate, which are called "six dragons". More than 100 large-scale stone carvings can be called "the open-air exhibition hall of stone carvings in the prosperous Tang Dynasty". According to the documents and archaeological data, Qianling is the only Tomb of the Tang Dynasty that has not been excavated so far.

There were 378 buildings on the ground of Qianling mausoleum. In the southeast, there are 17 tombs with sons and grandsons, princes and ministers. From south to north, there are one pair of octagonal Huabiao, one pair of winged horse and one pair of rosefinch, five pairs of stone horse, 10 pairs of Zhonglang stone statues with robes and swords. There are also two stone statues with a height of more than 7 meters, namely "Shusheng memorial tablet" and "Wuzi tablet", as well as 61 stone statues of Chinese minority leaders or special envoys of friendly countries who attended Gaozong's funeral. Each of the four gates in the inner city has a pair of stone lions. These stone carvings are lifelike and vivid.

Exhibition

In August 1977, the cultural relics exhibition room was opened to the public with an exhibition area of 232 square meters. The 1200 square meter murals in the three tombs of Princess Yongtai, Prince Zhanghuai and Prince Yide can be called "the underground gallery of painting art in the prosperous Tang Dynasty". After protective renovation, they are also open to the public for Chinese and foreign tourists to visit. From 1987 to 1991, the East and West exhibition rooms of the museum were rebuilt, and the display contents were updated, with an exhibition area of 600 square meters;

In September 1992, the first calligraphy and seal cutting exhibition at home and abroad of China Qianling cup was successfully held, showing 221 fine works of calligraphy and seal cutting.

In August 1993, the Xianyang Cultural Relics Bureau held the "Xianyang cultural relics exhibition", displaying 144 pieces of cultural relics.

On March 28, 1997, the Museum of Prince Yide's tomb was officially opened to the public with an investment of 12 million yuan. The Museum covers an area of more than 40000 square meters and imitates Tang architecture of 3400 square meters.

In October 1999, Qianling Museum invested more than 20 million yuan to readjust the museum's display. The existing exhibition area is 1700 square meters, and 820 pieces of cultural relics are displayed. It is divided into "Qianling cultural relics essence" exhibition, "Qianling tomb burial tomb unearthed mural line fine quality" exhibition, "Yongtai Princess tomb stone coffin" exhibition and so on.

Since 1984, exquisite cultural relics unearthed from the accompanying tombs of Princess Yongtai, Prince Zhanghuai and Prince Yide have been sent to the United States, Japan, Germany, Singapore, Hong Kong and other countries and regions to participate in various exhibitions and cultural exchange activities, which have been praised by people all over the world. Most of the cultural relics are on display in the museum, and visitors are in an endless stream. Since its opening, the museum has received 16.8 million Chinese and foreign visitors. Chen Yi, Guo Moruo, Dong Biwu and other revolutionaries of the older generation came to guide the work in person; Li Ruihuan, Tian Jiyun, Li Tieying, Song Ping, Qian Qichen and other comrades of the state visited and guided the restoration of the ground buildings of the Qianling mausoleum in person.

Display of cultural relics

Since 1960, five tombs, including Princess Li Xianhui of Yongtai, Prince Li Xian of Zhanghuai, Prince Li chongrun of Yide, zhongshuling Xue Yuanchao, and General Li Jinxing of Youwei, have been excavated. More than 4300 pieces of precious cultural relics, including three colored figurines, utensils, gold and silver ornaments, painted pottery, and more than 100 colorful murals and 1500 square meters of stone lines, have been unearthed, which can be regarded as the magnificent works of the Tang Dynasty The underground art gallery. Murals such as "palace maids", "polo", "guest envoys", "hunting trip" and "palace of honor" have become valuable materials for people to appreciate the painting art of Tang Dynasty, study the architecture, costumes, customs, sports activities, court life and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. After excavation and renovation, the tomb of Princess Yongtai, the tomb of Prince Zhanghuai and the underground palace of Prince Yide are open to visitors from home and abroad. The Qianling mausoleum has become an important relic for people to appreciate the prosperity of social economy and culture in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Among these cultural relics, 161 are classified as national first-class and second-class cultural relics, and 1317 are classified as national third-class collections.

The Qianling Museum, built with these unique cultural relics and scenic spots, is decorated with tri color paintings of the Tang Dynasty, murals of the Tang tombs and lines of stone coffins, which are known as the three wonders of Qianling cultural relics. It has attracted numerous tourists from home and abroad. When you step into the Qianling mausoleum, stroll beside the large stone carvings lined with steles, visit the mural gallery on both sides of the tomb path, and visit the lifelike three color figurines of the Tang Dynasty, Qianling mausoleum will leave unforgettable images in your memory.

The museum's collection mainly consists of more than 4000 cultural relics unearthed from five accompanying tombs. The collection also includes 4598 cultural relics collected by the museum, including 27 first-class items. There is a 4.25 kg bronze mirror with patterns of Unicorn, dragon and Phoenix and inscriptions on it.

Introduction to cultural relics

Tri colored glazed pottery

Tang Sancai is a kind of pottery with polychromatic glaze in Tang Dynasty. It is characterized by colorful glaze, bright luster and exquisite modeling. It has many basic glaze colors, such as yellow, green, white, blue and ochre. "Three colors" means colorful, and does not specifically refer to three kinds of colors. It got its name because it was popular in the Tang Dynasty. Its production process is that kaolin is selected, pounded, washed, precipitated, kneaded and aged, then kneaded and shaped. After modification and drying, it is put into the kiln and roasted at about 1000 ℃. After cooling, the prepared glaze juice is hung, and then roasted to 900 ℃. The glaze is mainly aluminum silicate, and the coloring agent puts various appropriate amount of metal oxides into the glaze, such as adding manganese oxide to form purple. On the basis of these colors, light yellow, ochre black, emerald green, dark green, maroon, eggplant purple and other colors can be prepared.

It was introduced into many countries with the friendly exchanges between Tang Dynasty and other countries in the world. As far as we know, India and Iran were found to be the three colorful countries in Tang Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Qian Ling Bo Wu Guan