Back door bridge

The back door bridge, formerly known as Wanning bridge, is located on the central axis of Beijing, north of Di'anmen and south of Gulou. The bridge was first built in the 22nd year of Zhiyuan (1285) of the Yuan Dynasty. It began as a wooden bridge, and later changed to a single hole stone bridge. Wanning bridge is the entrance of Jishuitan, and there is a gate. If the boat wants to enter the Jishuitan, it must pass under the bridge. Wanning bridge played an important role at that time. It is not only an important water channel on the Tonghui River in Dadu city of the Yuan Dynasty, but also a symbol for the study of water transport in Beijing. At present, the bridge deck has been paved with asphalt road, only two side railings are left, and the river course has been filled and leveled to build houses.

Wanning Bridge

synonym

Backdoor bridge generally refers to Wanning bridge (Beijing di'anmenwai bridge)

Wanning bridge, also known as the back door bridge and Di'an bridge, is a bridge located on the central axis of Beijing, near Shichahai and outside Di'an gate in Beijing. It was built in the 22nd year of the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty (1285), formerly known as Wanning bridge. Because the bridge is in the north of Di'anmen, Di'anmen is the back door of the Imperial City, so it is called the back door bridge. City Protected Historic Site. It is located in di'anmenwai street, Xicheng District. It was built in the 22nd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1285). Originally a wooden bridge, it was changed into a stone arch bridge in the Yuan Dynasty, named Wanning bridge. Also known as Haizi bridge, the back door bridge.

brief introduction

City Protected Historic Site. It is located in di'anmenwai street, Xicheng District. It was built in the 22nd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1285). Originally a wooden bridge, it was changed into a stone arch bridge in the Yuan Dynasty, named Wanning bridge. Also known as Haizi bridge, the back door bridge. The stone bridge of the Yuan Dynasty was at the entrance of Shichahai to yuhekou, which was the starting point of canal transportation in the Yuan Dynasty. There is a sluice under the bridge. Through lifting and discharging the sluice, it can stop the water by crossing the boat, so as to ensure that the grain ship from the South can directly drive into the metropolis. Ships from the north along the river can dock directly in Haizi. At that time, most residents also called it haizizha, and later renamed it qingshuizha. The bridge is a single hole white marble arch bridge, which is more than 10 meters long and nearly 10 meters wide. The bridge deck is paved with block stones and the middle is slightly arched. On both sides of the bridge are built white marble guardrails, carved with lotus vase and other patterns. In the 1950s, the stone bridge was paved with asphalt, and the river course was filled up to build houses. The lower part of the bridge is buried under the subgrade, leaving only the railings on both sides of the bridge. In 1984, it was announced as the protection area and construction control area, mainly protecting its side wall and pillar guard board, without another protection area. In 2000, Beijing renovated the back door bridge. The damaged railings of the bridge were repaired according to the old pattern. The water animals under the bridge and on the Bank of the river were kept in place, and the river channel was dredged. At the same time, the original name of the bridge "Wanning bridge" was restored and the monument was built beside the bridge.

Original name

The back door bridge was built in the 22nd year of the Yuan Dynasty. It was called Wanning bridge at that time. That was the most prosperous period of the Yuan Dynasty under Kublai Khan's rule. At that time, Wanning bridge was a wooden bridge, and its nickname was not "back door bridge". According to historical records, Wanning bridge in Yuan Dynasty is also called "Overpass". In the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan built the end of the Grand Canal to Jishuitan. The Wanning bridge is the northernmost gate of the Grand Canal. The water transport ships entering the imperial city of Beijing have to pass through here. The Beijing section of the Grand Canal "Tonghui River" is not only built by Kublai Khan, but also named by Kublai Khan on the Wanning bridge. In addition, it is still a bridge The bridge that Kublai Khan must take to get in and out of Beijing. So its nickname can be qualified to be called "Overpass".

Growth process

Ming and Qing Dynasties

Wanning bridge was repaired many times in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Stone bridge is characterized by East and West stone arch above each have a stone like water beast. Stone revetment on both sides of the bridge, four sides of each have a antler Fenshui beast, lying on the bank, looking at the bridge hole. The Fenshui beast is 1.77 meters long, 0.9 meters wide and 0.57 meters high. It has a pair of antlers on its head, a shriveled mouth, a nose and round eyes, four claws open and grasps on the flower ball. It is covered with large scales and a thick tail. The posture of the four water separators is different. The two in the east of the bridge climb on the bank and stretch their heads out of the bank to form a posture of looking at the water. Because in the water side, there is a moral of looking at the water potential through the bridge hole. The two in the west of the bridge stretch their heads out, two claws with suction cups grasp the vertical wall of the bank, and one side of their bodies is hung outside the bank. They have a great sense of understanding the water potential and ensuring the safe transportation of one side Meaning.

Mid Qing Dynasty

This section of the river is 27 meters wide. There is a sluice on the west side of the bridge to control the water volume. The sluice is named rihaizi sluice, and later renamed clarifying sluice. The word "Beijing" is engraved under the stone bridge as a water gauge. Once the river has flooded the word "Beijing", it indicates that the water potential has risen to a certain extent and may flood. It reminds the authorities to take measures. It is said that this practice played a certain role at that time.

The Wanning bridge (also known as the back door bridge, Haizi bridge, Jinyong bridge, Guanqiao bridge and Diqiao bridge) built in the 22nd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1285) was renovated in 2000. Unexpectedly, six water holding stone beasts with dragon body and dragon claws were excavated under the bridge. According to the research, it is the deposit of yuan and Ming Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, the capital city was built. Guo Shoujing led baifuquan in Changping in the north into the city, and built Tonghui river with a total length of 82 kilometers to Zhangjiawan in Tongzhou in the Southeast (so Wanning bridge is the northernmost end of Tonghui River). "Sichuan and Shaanxi merchants, Wu and Chu merchants. Sail a reed. After arriving at the chariot. In this way, the boat from Hebei Province of Dayun can reach Yongtan wharf through Wanning bridge.

Ancient literature

Wanning bridge was made of wood in Yuan Dynasty, and a single span stone arch bridge with white marble railing was built in Ming Dynasty. "By the Jinshui bridge, the birds sing in Sichuan, and the willows fly under the Yuquan mountain. Three thousand miles north of the Yangtze River and south of the Yangtze River, we are worried that the spring visitors have not returned. " "I believe in Dongjun's wonderful hand. One night green chasing official bridge willow The Jinshui bridge in the poem is also called Wanning bridge. In the area of Wanning bridge in the Yuan Dynasty, there are many pavilions, halls, shops, boats, wine fragrance in the air, and the sound of silk and bamboo in the ear. The bamboo skill Ci of Qing Dynasty once praised: "when appreciating lotus outside Di'an gate, the rainbow and lotus in Jiaoli mirror the green pool. Good is Tianxiang upstairs sit, wine LAN people drunk rain silk.

Wanning bridge is a single arch stone bridge. Simple and crude. Slightly carved. After more than 700 years of wind and frost, the balustrade of Wanning bridge was badly damaged and repaired in the spring of 2000

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Ancient bridge construction

From Di'anmen to Zhonggulou, you will meet an ancient bridge site. The bridge deck is basically level with the concrete road at both ends, and there is no slope to be felt. The only evidence is the damaged bridge railings standing alone on both sides. This is the backdoor bridge as the core of the Yuan Dynasty. I'm afraid that because Di'anmen is the back gate of the imperial city of Ming and Qing Dynasties, people are used to it. According to ancient books, it was originally named Wanning bridge, which was built in 1285, the 22nd year of the reign of emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty. Wanning bridge and Shichahai (a part of ancient lotus pond) are close to each other, just like the relationship between lips and teeth: water is lips, bridge is teeth. Not long after the bridge was built, it caught up with a "big project": in the spring of 1292, Kublai adopted the planning plan of Guo Shoujing, a water conservancy expert, to lead Baifu springs in Changping into the west gate of Dadu, expand the volume of Jishuitan, and make the water flow from the southeast of Wanning bridge to the east gate of the city, through Datong bridge to Tongzhou The Grand Canal of Beijing and Hangzhou and the metropolis are finally in the same position, and the boats carrying grain from the south to the north can go straight to the foot of the emperor. Kublai Khan made great achievements on the basis of his predecessors, making Jishuitan the terminal terminal of the Grand Canal. It not only facilitated the long-distance transportation of goods, but also contributed to the formation of the "central business district" from Jishuitan to Zhonggulou (formerly known as Xiejie Street), including camel market, cattle market, goose and duck market, sheep market, rice market, noodle market, silk market and leather market Maoshi, Maoshi and so on are unprecedented.

The efficiency of this project is very high. It was only in the autumn of the next year that Kublai came back from the Mongolian prairie for the summer vacation. BMW drove through the Wanning bridge and saw boats under the bridge, while countless grain boats were moored on the west side of the water. He was so happy that his mouth could not be closed. He immediately gave the newly built canal a very auspicious name: Tonghui river. Wanning bridge, remember the great empire across Europe and Asia monarch's joy!

Wanning bridge, you can dream of the South with the help of the surging water, and even dream of the broken bridge of the West Lake. From West Lake to Shichahai (Jishuitan), there is no barrier in the middle.

Xu Youren, a scholar of Jixian University in Huizong period of Yuan Dynasty, liked to fill in lyrics. He first filled in a song of jiangchengzi, entitled "drinking from the sea boat, answering people's call to drink in the slanting Street": "willow shoots are heavy with smoke, spring is delicate, beside the overpass, live in the orchid radius, blow the warm fragrant clouds, where is a flute..." I couldn't feel it, so I filled in another butterfly love flower: "after the new rain, my eyes are covered with fine dye and thick smoke, and spring is like embroidery. I just believe in the wonderful hand of Dongjun God, and green willows all over Guanqiao overnight..." The "Overpass" and "official bridge" he described refer to Wanning bridge. At that time, there must have been a lot of willows planted in the area of Wanning bridge, which were inextricably green. Yin through the poetry of the ancients, but also Yin through the thoughts of future generations.

The role of bridge

Wanning bridge is a "bridge gate", which has dual functions: it can pass through the bridge, and it can be used as a gate to make water. Guo Shoujing dug the channel and used the Jishuitan as a reservoir. Ten gates and dams were set up along the Tonghui River to control the water. When there were ships passing by, the gates were raised to discharge water, but they were usually closed tightly. It's really energy efficient. Located under the Wanning bridge is the clarifying sluice, also known as Haizi sluice, which is the first pass of Jishuitan (formerly known as Haizi). At the same time, as the terminal of the Grand Canal, the Jiangnan grain boats sailing all the way up the river drop their sails through the hole of Wanning bridge and enter a safe harbor for anchoring and unloading.

If Jishuitan is the stomach of Yuandadu, digesting the whole ship's grain day and night, then Wanning bridge is undoubtedly the throat, it swallowed too much wealth.

Until the Ming Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Hou Men Qiao