Woniu mountain

Woniu mountain

Woniu mountain is similar to woniu mountain in shape, so it is named woniu mountain. Woniu mountain in Xuzhou is about 7 kilometers away from the center of Xuzhou City. In the early 1980s, the Han tomb in woniu mountain was excavated in Xuzhou Museum.

According to years of archaeological work, eight tombs belonging to the king of Chu were found around Pengcheng, the capital of Chu. They are Chuwang mountain, Shizi mountain, tuolan mountain, beidong mountain, woniu mountain, Guishan mountain, Dongdong mountain and Nandong mountain. In 2011, eight tombs of the king of Chu of Han Dynasty in Xuzhou were listed in the list of the first batch of large sites in Jiangsu Province.

geographical position

Woniu mountain is located in the west suburb of Xuzhou and the west side of the third ring road.

Historical site

The historical site of woniu mountain is the Han Tomb of woniu mountain, which is located in the northern foot of the east of woniu mountain in the western suburb of Xuzhou City. It was discovered in 1980 as a large cliff cave tomb and was stolen in the early years. After entering the tomb, there is a square front chamber with sloping roof and smooth walls. Further inside is a long corridor. The end of the corridor is the main room, 6.5 meters long from north to South and 4 meters high. The floor is paved with large stone slabs. There is also a room in the southeast of the main room. The burial utensils and human bones in the main room are decayed. Only jade rings, small pieces of jade carvings, wordless jade seals, iron spearheads, copper coins and other objects have been cleared. The bronze coins were "Daquan fifty" and "dabuhuangqian" used by Wang Mang in his reign. Therefore, this Han tomb belongs to the late Western Han Dynasty (including the new Han Dynasty). According to historical data, the king of Chu in Xuzhou during this period was Liu Yu, the 12th king of Chu.

State level cultural relic protection unit -- Tomb of King Chu of Han Dynasty in Shanxi Province of woniu: the tomb is located on the north slope of the east of woniu, with a total length of 40m and a width of 11m. The line of protection extends 200m to the east of the tomb in the East, to the east wall of the mining machinery plant in the west, to the ridge watershed in the south, and to the planning road at the foot of the North Mountain in the north.

In 2011, another large horizontal cave Tomb of the king of Chu in the Western Han Dynasty was found in the western section of woniu in Xuzhou. Due to repeated excavation, Xuzhou Museum carried out rescue excavation on it and found that it was a tomb with a shape and layout very similar to that of Liuzhu Tomb of King Xiang of Chu in Guishan, facing north from south. Wang and Hou tombs had parallel passages, narrow and long passages, and were sealed with single row and double-layer stones. The tombs of Wang and Hou are connected by doors respectively in the side room and the main room at the back end of the corridor, and the tombs of Wang and Hou are more than those of Hou. There are living facilities such as water wells and wooden tile roofed buildings in the tomb, and some of the tombs have square or circular central pillars. The four walls of the tomb are decorated with different decorations, such as painting, painting or hanging curtains. Although the curtains are decayed, the hooks are still embedded in the four walls. Due to repeated excavation, the tomb was almost empty except for tiles and fragments of pottery. Several pieces of jade clothes and "half Liang" coins unearthed from the tomb indicate that the tomb was also in the early Western Han Dynasty, and the owner of the tomb should wear golden jade clothes.

Protection status

Archaeologists set up a pulley on the pit and went in and out of the pit through a rope. A person who participated in the excavation at the scene told reporters that the pit was a tomb robbing pit with a depth of 7 meters. According to the excavation for six consecutive days, archaeologists found that the following is the tomb of the Western Han Dynasty, which was excavated on a large scale during the Eastern Han Dynasty. The huge stones that closed the entrance of the tomb were taken out, and the cultural relics in the tomb were looted, leaving only some broken cans and pieces.

The tomb was discovered by the tomb robbers again. When it was ready to be excavated, it was discovered and reported to the police. Archaeological experts then went to the scene to investigate. Through the tomb robber pit, they entered the underground tomb and found that it was a large tomb with higher specifications. The tunnels of the large tomb may be longer than that of the Han tomb in Guishan. There are more than 20 large tombs. The area of the whole tomb may reach thousands of square meters, and the scale may exceed that of the Chu tomb in Shizishan The royal mausoleum.

Latest findings

In April 2015, an ancient tomb of the Western Han Dynasty was found in the demolition of woniu village, which is another major archaeological discovery in our city. Through the demolished ruins at the southernmost end of woniu village, you can see a large area of soil with different colors on the northern slope of woniu mountain, which looks like a door on the mountain. The dark red soil, about 3 meters wide and 5 meters high, is the backfill of an ancient tomb. Judging by the archaeologists of Xuzhou Museum, the shape of this tomb is relatively high, and the owner of the tomb is likely to be a member of the royal family of Chu state in the Western Han Dynasty. This tomb is the fourth one found on woniu mountain, named tomb No. 4 of woniu mountain.

The location of the tomb used to be a villager's house. After the demolition, the archaeologists cleared a large area of open space. To the south of this open space is the mountain section of woniu mountain. The dark red soil you see is on this section. When you approach it, you find that there are many big stones in the soil. Archaeologists said that the location of the soil is the tomb. In the past, the tombs were located close to the back wall of the self built houses of the villagers in woniu village. After the houses were demolished, the passage of the tombs was exposed. The tomb path was dug northward along the hillside. When the villagers built houses, part of the mountain rocks were chiseled away and the northernmost end of the tomb path was damaged. Therefore, the specific length of the tomb path has not been known. According to the investigation of the archaeologists, this is a cave tomb, which is a tomb excavated horizontally on the rocks. It belongs to the middle period of the Western Han Dynasty. The tombs are generally north-south. On the hillside about 120 meters to the west of the tomb, a large Hengxue cave tomb with husband and wife buried together was excavated and cleared in 2010. It was named as Tomb No. 1 and tomb No. 2 of Woniushan at that time. According to the shape, scale, unearthed objects style and a small amount of text content of the tomb, tomb No. 1 and tomb No. 2 of Woniushan are probably the tombs of Liu Dao, the fifth king of Chu. In addition, on the hillside about 200 meters to the east of tomb No. 4 in woniu mountain, an independent Hengxue cave tomb was found in the 1980s. Archaeological experts speculate that the owner of tomb No. 4 in Woniushan should have a higher identity and be closely related to the owners of tomb No. 1 and tomb No. 2 in Woniushan. Geng Jianjun, director of the Archaeology Department of Xuzhou Museum, believes that in the past archaeological discoveries, the Hengxue cliff cave tombs of the Western Han Dynasty, all of which are the tombs of the king and queen of Chu in the Western Han Dynasty, are significantly higher than those of the Marquis or the stone pit vertical cave tombs used by ordinary officials. Therefore, it can be concluded that the identity of the owner of tomb No. 4 in Woniushan should also be a member of the royal family. It remains to be discovered by the archaeologists.

Address: Huailai County, Hebei Province

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Chinese PinYin : Wo Niu Shan