Changpu River

Changpu River is located to the east of Tiananmen Gate and to the north of Nanhuang city wall, with a total length of about 600 meters. It is a section of Jinshui River in the imperial city of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The river flows out from the south end of Xiyuan Taiye pool, turns to the southeast, passes in front of Tiananmen, and flows eastward into Yuhe river. In the Qing Dynasty, the section of waijinshui River to the east of the left gate of Chang'an was called Changpu River. On the south bank is the Nanhuang city wall, on the west side is the banbian bridge under the north wall of the left gate of Chang'an, and on the east side is the sluice into the Yuhe River, which was named Tianfei sluice in the Qing Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a bridge on the river, which connected Dongyuan long street in the north. In the Qing Dynasty, it was called Niulang bridge. It was a stone platform wooden bridge. In 1913, it opened Nanchizi street, demolished the coupons on the wall of the Imperial City, and transformed the bridge into a stone arch bridge.

Changpu River

Changpu River, also known as Yuhe River, is located in the lower reaches of Jinshui River in Tiananmen. The Jinshui River in front of Tian'anmen Gate originates from Yuquan mountain in Xishan. It flows through Gaoliang River, Jishuitan, Xiyuan, and through Jinshui bridge is Changpu River. The clear water of Yuquan has become a gurgling River, about one li long, like a winding jade belt.

brief introduction

Changpu River is located to the east of Tiananmen Gate and to the north of Nanhuang city wall, with a total length of about 600 meters. It is a section of Jinshui River in the imperial city of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The river flows out from the south end of Xiyuan Taiye pool, turns to the southeast, passes in front of Tiananmen, and flows eastward into Yuhe river. It is not only the outlet of Xiyuan Sanhai, but also the outlet of Tongzi River, the Forbidden City, which passes through Taimiao to the south. In the Qing Dynasty, the section of waijinshui River to the east of the left gate of Chang'an was called Changpu River. On the south bank is the Nanhuang city wall, on the west side is the banbian bridge under the north wall of the left gate of Chang'an, and on the east side is the sluice into the Yuhe River, which was named Tianfei sluice in the Qing Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a bridge on the river, which connected Dongyuan long street in the north. In the Qing Dynasty, it was called Niulang bridge. It was a stone platform wooden bridge. In 1913, it opened Nanchizi street, demolished the coupons on the wall of the Imperial City, and transformed the bridge into a stone arch bridge. In the Ming Dynasty, the north bank was the East Court of the Imperial Palace, and Yongfu pavilion was built across the river. After the Republic of China, houses were built on both sides of the Changpu River, and two hutongs, yinsitao in the East and yinsitao in the west, were formed on the South Bank of the river. After the 1960s, the ditches were filled up and turned into streets. However, the dilapidated houses were built against the red walls of the Imperial City, the imperial temple and the imperial Shicheng, which seriously affected the safety of cultural relics; the river course was filled and leveled, and important historical sites were lost; located in the sensitive area of Tiananmen Square, the fire control, public security, health and environmental quality directly affected the center of the capital. In view of this, in 2002, Dongcheng District spent money to move all the residents on both sides of the river. After the demolition and leveling, the old road of Changpu River was excavated, and the water surface was restored, marking the Tianfei gate, showing the red walls of nanhuangcheng, Taimiao and huangshicheng, and building it into a classical urban garden relying on historical sites.

historical origin

In the early years, there was a bridge on the Changpu River, called Niulang bridge, which echoed the Zhinu bridge in Xiyuan. The site of the bridge was in the south entrance of Nanchizi, on the south side of huangshicheng. When Yongle of Ming dynasty built its capital in Beijing, it was called Dongyuan here. "Chen Yuan Zhi Lue" said: Ming Yongle 11 years in May Guiwei Dragon Boat Festival, car lucky Dongyuan view ball shot willow, ordered officials to write poetry, give banquet and money silk have difference. The Dragon Boat Festival in the 14th year is also very lucky. Ming Wang Zhiduan Wu Yi wrote a poem about Dongyuan last year: "the sunny days of Qianmen scatter auspicious smoke, and Dongyuan Chen You Yi wrote last year. The jade chariot suddenly moves out of the double Jue, and the color ball is in front of the flowers. The cloud hears the mountain scenery floating immortal staff, the wind sends the warbler sound to encircle the imperial banquet. Today, I wake up alone and look to the north. When will I chant Bai Liang again? " Wu Changyuan, the author of Chen Yuan Zhi Lue, said: in Yongle's shooting at the willows, pigeons were hidden in gourds or boxes, hanging on the willows, hitting the box and flying out. In Xuande, there is a thatched cottage area in Dongyuan, which is the place of shangzhizhai. A small hall, beams, rafters and barrels, are made of fir, not cut, covered with grass. The same is true for all sides. There is a road in the west, and there is a river and stone in Jingye. Henan has a small bridge, covered with grass Pavilion, around the complex grass Pavilion, East and West, pillow bridge and cross. In the small hall, there are things Zhai, there are Xuan that play the piano reading place. All around the bamboo fence, under the fence are vegetables such as Ru Pao melon. Jian Yi, Xia Yuanji, Yang Shiqi, and Yang Rongguan, who are the ministers of life.

"Yanjing chronicle of the age of the year" says: "on the Dragon Boat Festival, Acorus calamus and Artemisia argyi are inserted near the door to bring about ominous things, which is also the legacy of the ancient Aihu and Pujian.". In ancient times, the Changpu River was called Yugou, so the two sides of the river were covered with Acorus, so it was named Changpu River. At that time, people picked the leaves of Acorus calamus from here and put them on the door to spread that they could ward off evil. This is because the leaves of Acorus calamus grow like a sharp sword, which is inserted on the door like Zhong Kui holding a sword to hold the door here, and big ghosts and small ghosts can't get in.

In the early 1960s, due to the storage of equipment used in festival activities, a cover plate was added to the Changpu River to build warehouses and houses. Later, it became a residential area with narrow streets and dirty environment. In 2002, it was rebuilt as Ming River and a park was built at its site. Covering an area of 38000 square meters, the river is 510 meters long, 12 meters wide and 1.5-2 meters deep, connecting with Jinshui River in front of Tiananmen Gate. There are more than 60 ancient trees along the river, and a large number of flowers and trees have been planted. The construction of Changpu River Park is a major project of Beijing Municipal Party committee and government to protect the style and features of the ancient capital and show its historical context.

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The awakening of Changpu River

Wen / Wang Jun

After more than 30 years of silence, Changpu River, an ancient river road on the east side of Tiananmen tower, wakes up.

This is a project to celebrate. In the 1960s, in order to solve the storage problem of equipment used in festival celebrations, the Changpu River was covered with boards, on which warehouses and houses were built. Since then, the "open river" with verdant Changpu and fish leaping in the clear waves has become an "underground channel". From April to September in 2002, the Beijing municipal government invested 500 million yuan to make it shine again.

The river, named for its Acorus groves, reminds people of the beauty of old Beijing. At that time, Beijing was green! I once greedily searched for the photos of old Beijing, trying to touch the scene of the old capital that has disappeared. What deeply moved me is a work by a foreign photographer in the 1930s. Looking northeast from Qiongdao, Beihai, the city seems to have disappeared into a sea of green trees, while towering from the blue waves are the mighty Drum Tower and the beautiful bell tower! Modern planners are obsessed with the integration of man-made buildings and natural environment, because they have been oppressed by the "modern" reinforced concrete forest. One of my colleagues was sent to work in Hong Kong for two years, and when he came back, he found that his blood pressure was high. When exploring the cause of the disease, he sighed about the life of "well frog" running among high-rise buildings in Hong Kong: "that urban environment is really depressing, and how comfortable Beijing is!" In midsummer, when you don't want to be exposed to the sun, the green trees in the courtyard hold up a huge umbrella for you; in the cold winter, when you need warmth, the leaves are gone, and the direct sunlight makes your house full of brightness! Such a comfortable picture makes people feel that the ancients lived so delicately, but today people are getting farther and farther away from themselves. This is probably a human paradox. Therefore, at this time, the Changpu River showed its value, because it opened the "back of the times", reduced the cement cover to green grass and green waves, and reduced the cramped and crowded to the space that used to exist everywhere in Beijing.

In the Changpu River Park, the designers have arranged "lingxu Feihong", "Dongyuan Xiaozhu", "Tianfei Zha Ying" and other sceneries. Of course, these are "antiques" made by modern people. There is still room to consider the proportion and scale of some antique buildings, but anyway, the Changpu River is flowing again! The gurgling River reminds me of Guo Shoujing, a water conservancy man who built Yuandadu. He brought clean water to Beijing, a northern city with less abundant rainfall.

The ancients said, "live by water and grass.". The origin of Beijing city depends on the gift of natural mountains and rivers. After Kublai abandoned Zhongdu, he lived in the northeast of Jinzhong by the Gaoliang River, and built the capital of Yuan Dynasty. Although the water volume of Gaoliang river is sufficient, and there are some lakes and marshes such as Jishuitan and Shichahai to regulate the water volume, at that time, if the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal was to reach the city directly, it was necessary to regulate the water conservancy. At this time, Kublai Khan boldly used Guo Shoujing and granted him the power of overall planning of water conservancy in the whole country. At the age of 60, Guo Shoujing explored the outskirts of Beijing to find water sources. Finally, in 1293, he completed the famous Baifu water diversion project, diverting water from Changping, northwest of Beijing, into Shichahai. In this way, the grain carriers from the south of the Yangtze River could reach Shichahai directly, which was a spectacular sight.

With abundant water resources, the inner city Zhonghai, Nanhai, Gongcheng water system and the Grand Canal water system are woven into a network, and the Changpu River is the junction of the Gongcheng water system and the Grand Canal water system. Unfortunately, the Grand Canal in the city was buried in the last century. Today, there are only names such as beiheyan, nanheyan, sandy beach, yinzha, etc. related to this ancient grain transportation River, there are granaries such as haiyuncang, nanxincang, beixincang, lumicang, etc. in the east of the inner city. Some of these ancient granaries still have granaries, some still have warehouse walls, and some only have place names.

bus line

Take bus 1, 2, 5, 9, 10, 17, 20, 22, 44, 52, 53, 54, 59, 110, etc. Take Qianmen station of Metro Line 2 and Tiananmen east station of Metro Line 1.

Address: East Chang'an Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing

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Chinese PinYin : Chang Pu He