Yiman Street

Yiman Street

Yiman street is located in Nangang District of Harbin. It was built in 1921, formerly known as Shan Street. On July 7, 1946, the people's Government of Harbin changed Shanjie into Yiman street. The street is located in the middle of the city, starting from Wenmiao street in the northeast and Jihong street in the southwest. It is the main trunk road of goutongli, Daowai and Taiping District, with a total length of 2375 meters and asphalt pavement. It is a class I Street at the municipal level.

The origin of street names

The city government named this road Yiman street because martyr Zhao Yiman had an unusual relationship with this road. As early as the spring of 1932, Zhao Yiman went to laobaduo tobacco factory located on this road to engage in revolutionary activities. After Zhao Yiman was arrested, he was detained in Harbin puppet Binjiang provincial police department (now northeast Martyrs Memorial Hall) and tortured. After that, Zhao Yiman's arrest and escape from Hukou was also on this street. Therefore, the street is full of the blood of martyr Zhao Yiman.

Personage introduction

Zhao Yiman (1905-1936) was born in Yibin County, Sichuan Province. He came from a landlord family and studied in a private school. After the outbreak of the May 4th movement, he began to accept revolutionary ideas. In 1924, he joined the Communist Youth League of China. In 1926, Zhao Yiman resolutely left the feudal family and joined the revolution. In that year, he became a member of the Communist Youth League of China.

In the spring of 1932, the Party Central Committee sent Zhao Yiman to the northeast to fight against Japan. In the autumn of the same year, he took up the post of secretary and organization Minister of Manchuria Federation of trade unions and Deputy Secretary of Harbin Federation of trade unions. She often works in laobaduo tobacco factory and tram factory. In April 1933, she personally went to the tram factory to guide the workers to strike, so that all trams in the city were stopped, forcing the Japanese puppet authorities to agree to the terms of the strike, and the strike won.

In the spring of 1934, the party organization in Harbin was destroyed. Zhao Yiman was sent to Zhuhe county (now Shangzhi City) by the party organization to work in the Anti Japanese guerrilla area. On November 15 and 22, 1935, he was attacked by the enemy twice, and his thigh bone, hands and feet were injured. Unfortunately, he was captured. After being arrested, Zhao Yiman was taken to the police department of Harbin's puppet Binjiang province. The enemy used various kinds of torture, such as whipping with a leather whip and nailing a bamboo stick into her fingernails, but failed to force a confession from her. Later, because Zhao Yiman's wound was seriously suppurated, the enemy had to send her to the first hospital of Harbin for surveillance and treatment (now in the first hospital of Harbin Medical University). Guard police Dong Xianxun and female nurse Han Yongyi are all young people with a sense of justice. Zhao Yiman told them the story of the Anti Japanese League struggle and the revolutionary truth, which made them gradually from sympathy and admiration to determination to join the Anti Japanese league team. On June 28, 1936, after careful preparation, they successfully escaped from Harbin, but unfortunately they were caught up by the enemy. After the capture, the enemy repeatedly tried for a month, Zhao Yiman was tortured, and the reply was always "don't know". On August 3, 1936, Zhao Yiman died bravely at the small gate of Zhuhe at the age of 31.

Characteristics of humanistic architecture

Northeast Martyrs Memorial

After the liberation of Harbin, the people's government changed the name of this street to Yiman street in memory of the heroine. According to the instructions of the Northeast Bureau of the Communist Party of China and the Northeast Political Committee, a memorial hall and a memorial tower for the Northeast martyrs were built at the former site of the Police Department of the puppet Binjiang province. Located at 21 Yiman street, it was built in 1928 as the library of the eastern province special region. During the period of northeast occupation, the Japanese invaders occupied the area and put up the brand of Harbin Binjiang provincial police department. Since then, it has become a criminal place for Japanese imperialists to brutally suppress the Chinese people. For 13 years, countless patriots and Communists have been imprisoned, imprisoned, tortured and slaughtered here. It is because there are many martyrs here for countless times of heroic struggle and sacrifice, so as a Martyrs Memorial, it has special commemorative significance.

The Northeast martyrs memorial is a solemn and magnificent building. The composition of the building is controlled by the ancient Greek Corinthian column, and the tall pillars hold up the decorative flowers. It is a typical classical Renaissance building. The museum was officially opened in October 1948, with a total construction area of 4283 square meters and a display area of 1031 square meters. It displays the deeds of more than 300 revolutionary martyrs who died in the Anti Japanese War and the liberation war in Northeast China, as well as more than 1000 revolutionary cultural relics, pictures and historical materials. Among them, the heroic deeds and precious relics of Anti Japanese heroes Yang Jingyu, Zhao Shangzhi, Zhao Yiman, Li Zhaolin and martyrs Yang Zirong and Dong Cunrui who died in the war of liberation are also displayed here.

On the new year's day of 1953, Premier Zhou Enlai visited the museum in person and wrote the inscription "the revolutionary martyrs will live forever". At present, the Northeast martyrs memorial hall has become one of the national patriotism education bases and a must for foreign tourists to visit the revolutionary martyrs.

Yiman street is also a road of cultural landscape. To the East, there is the Confucius Temple of Wensheng, which was built in 1926, the laobaduo tobacco company, which was built in 1922, and the Japanese Manchurian Cultural Association, which was built in 1933. This baroque style building has become the municipal Mass Art Museum, the memorial of Xugong, which was destroyed in the "Cultural Revolution", the eastern Provincial Railway General Education School (now No.3 middle school), which was built in 1927, and 1926 Jihong bridge was completed and opened to traffic in.

Another remarkable feature of this street is the combination of Chinese and western. At the end of the 19th century, a middle east railway connecting Eurasia was inserted into the silent heart of the Far East like a sharp sword. Then, western culture and eastern culture collided and contacted strongly in this vast land, thus breaking the long-standing historical isolation of Eurasian and Eurasian cultures in this land. Therefore, Harbin is a typical "Chinese and Western" city, and Yiman street is a representative street. The old Military Institute, Confucius Temple and No.3 middle school with traditional Chinese big roof architecture are model buildings, among which Confucius Temple is the most representative.

Confucious'Temple

The Confucian temple, built in 1926, is located in the former military institute at the beginning of Yiman street, covering an area of more than 6000 square meters. It is a typical representative of traditional Chinese architecture. The courtyard is composed of a hall, two chambers, a gate and a wall. It is well-organized, grand and dignified. It is arranged according to the northwest central axis. The front courtyard at the south end is the Lingxing gate courtyard. The pines and cypresses are green in the courtyard, and the "red wall" is circling. The three four column high archways and the white jade carved column blue water bridge are very spectacular. The central courtyard is the Dacheng hall, the main building of the Confucian temple First of all, there are two stone tablets in the East and the west, on which there are inscriptions inscribed by Zhang Xueliang, recording the construction, background and historical significance of the Confucian temple. On both sides of the hall are two adjacent halls opposite to the East and the West; the backyard was originally "Chongsheng Temple", but later changed to "Shuting courtyard". The three main halls are covered with gold and glazed tiles, while the side halls on both sides are covered with green, green and gray tiles, resplendent and full of changes. The hall is decorated with beams, painted columns and colorful paintings. The carved railings, longlong and stone steles of the Confucian temple are vividly decorated. The whole building adopts the shape and structure of ancient Chinese architecture and retains the typical architectural style of the Qing Dynasty. It is the largest and most complete group of antique buildings in Heilongjiang Province with exquisite shape, simple and elegant style, cornices and brackets, and bright colors. After liberation, the government has repeatedly allocated funds for restoration and protection. In 1989, the Heilongjiang provincial government approved the establishment of the Provincial Museum of nationalities on the basis of the original Confucian temple, which displays the history, customs and cultural relics of the minority nationalities in Heilongjiang province all the year round. At present, the municipal government plans to transform the surrounding environment and build a Confucian Temple Cultural Park. At that time, the park will be integrated with the Cultural Park of the blissful temple, forming a major landscape of Harbin ancient cultural park and becoming a must for tourists to come to Kazakhstan.

Jihong Bridge

The western architectural landscape area at the west end of Yiman Street corresponds to the old military industrial buildings of Confucius Temple. In addition to the Northeast martyrs memorial hall, the municipal Mass Art Museum and the art museum, the most representative is Jihong bridge, which was built in 1926.

All Chinese and foreign tourists who have been to Harbin will never forget Jihong bridge. Whether they have seen it or passed it, they will leave a deep impression. Whether it is the shape and decoration of the bridge, or the name of the bridge itself, it has its own characteristics and has a history.

In 1898, with the construction of the Middle East Railway, xiandaoli and Nangang were divided into two areas. However, this area is the throat of the two places, and there are a lot of pedestrians passing by. Therefore, the Middle East Railway Engineering Bureau built a wooden bridge here. By the 1920s, the urban construction of Harbin had begun to take shape. The wooden bridge could not meet the needs of traffic operation. At the same time, the wooden bridge was not in harmony with the buildings around the railway station. In April 1926, Harbin special city decided to demolish the wooden bridge and build a permanent bridge of reinforced concrete structure in situ. The bridge was designed by Russian chief engineer pashviridov. The bridge is 51 meters long, 27.6 meters wide, 21.4 meters wide for carriageway and 3.1 meters wide for sidewalk. Under the bridge, there are three railway culverts with unequal spans and five lines. On both sides of the bridge, the tower shaped pier with sharp top makes it look majestic; in the middle of the bridge railing, the four metal cast five flower lamp posts make it feel beautiful; from the bottom of the bridge, the arch body with two piers and three holes flies across the air, showing his majestic and magnificent; from the top of the bridge, the hollowed out and inlaid iron fence is high, and the 20 pairs of flywheels are delicate and exquisite. At night, under the illumination of bridge lights and overhead lights, it looks more graceful and colorful.

Engrave

Chinese PinYin : Yi Man Jie