Dingzhou Confucian Temple

Confucious'Temple

synonym

Dingzhou Confucian temple generally refers to the Confucian Temple (the Confucian Temple of Dingzhou City, Hebei Province)

Dingzhou Confucian temple, located in Daoqiang street, Dingzhou City, Hebei Province, is the best preserved and largest Confucian temple in Hebei Province.

There are three adjacent courtyards in the north, East, middle and West. The main buildings include Dacheng hall, East veranda, West veranda, Jimen, Minghuan temple, Xiangxian temple and Lingxing gate in the middle courtyard; Chongsheng temple and Kuixing Pavilion in the east courtyard; Minglun hall, gate and Yimen in the West courtyard; Jiexiao temple in the South courtyard, covering an area of 12600 square meters.

Traffic information

Bus: take bus No.1 at Dingzhou railway station, get off at Renmin shopping mall and go northbound for 100 meters.

Self driving: 2 kilometers westbound at Dingzhou exit of Beijing Shenzhen Expressway.

The scale

Located in Daoqiang street, Dingzhou City, Hebei Province, Dingzhou Confucian temple is the most well preserved and largest Confucian temple in Hebei Province.

Dingzhou Confucian temple, also known as "Confucius Temple", was built in 848 ad (the second year of Tang Dynasty). It is one of the oldest Confucian temples in Hebei Province. Covering an area of more than 12000 square meters, it is the largest and most complete Confucian temple complex in Hebei Province.

Cultural relics protection

The preserved East, West and middle courtyards are of central axis type. The main buildings of the east courtyard are Chongsheng temple and Kuixing Pavilion; the West courtyard is Minglun hall; the middle courtyard is Dacheng hall, halberd gate and Lingxing gate. Confucian temple is a key cultural relic protection unit in Hebei Province.

At the same time, there are shuanghuai, huaibaochun, luoxingshi and other scenic spots in Dongpo. Later, the Dacheng hall, Kuixing Pavilion, Lingxing gate and Chongsheng temple were restored, and many exhibition rooms about to collapse were renovated, and stone corridor was built.

Main buildings

Lingxing gate, the main gate of the Confucian temple, was built in the Ming Dynasty. It was destroyed in the war in the late Ming Dynasty. After repair, it was put down and rebuilt in 1996. It is a four column three floor building with Ming Dynasty style. It is exquisitely carved and magnificent, among which the four dragon pillars are the most spectacular.

According to the records of Dingzhou annals of the Qing Dynasty, there is a stone on the left side of the road, which is 34 feet across and one foot and seven inches thick. Its quality is simple and clean, and its color is red and yellow as pure jade. It is said that a star fell here and turned into a stone, so it is commonly known as "Luoxing stone". In the past, it was once regarded as a sacred object.

Dacheng hall, with a width of five rooms and a depth of three rooms, is 9.5 meters high. It has a single eaves on the top of the mountain, covered with yellow and green glazed tiles, and a high hall for the emperor. It is the main building of the Confucian temple and the main place for offering sacrifices to Confucius. In the hall, there are Confucius, his four companions and twelve figures of philosophers.

Dongpo double locust is said to be planted by Su Dongpo, a great writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, when he was governor of Dingzhou, so it is called "Dongpo double locust". Although the trees are nearly a thousand years old, they are still luxuriant in summer.

Kuixing Pavilion, built in Yuan Dynasty, was rebuilt on the original site in 1606. The three storey wooden structure Pavilion is towering over the square platform base. The pavilion is of mountain type with four corner cornices. It is a place for the ancients to worship Kuixing. There are statues of Kuixing and stories of some Jinshi in Dingzhou.

Historical evolution

The rise and fall of Dingzhou Confucian temple is closely related to the change of dynasties and the degree of respect of Confucianism.

Tang and Five Dynasties

In 848 ad (the second year of Tang Dynasty), Lu Jianyong, commander in chief of Dingzhou, abandoned the Buddhist temple and built a Confucian temple. Dingzhou Confucian temple began to be built.

From July 19, 916 (the 13th year of emperor Tianyou of Tang Dynasty), the Confucian temple was expanded and repaired by Wang Chuzhi, the king of Peiping and the Jiedu envoy of Yiwu army.

In 918 (the 15th year of emperor Tianyou of Tang Dynasty), the Confucian temple was expanded and completed. The main hall, three auditoriums, zhaiyuan, Academy, lecture hall and other buildings had been built, especially the creation of academy and lecture hall, which made the construction of Dingzhou Confucian temple take shape.

Northern Song Dynasty

Especially in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, Dingzhou Confucian temple was highly developed. After the vigorous maintenance and construction of Zhizhou Han Qi, Dingzhou Confucian temple entered its first glorious period.

In 1049 (the first year of emperor you's reign), Han Qi, governor of Dingzhou, said that "a new temple will be completed after another month." he also said that "the temple will be built in the north of the city wall, which will be open and wide. It will be measured by rules and regulations. It will be neither crude nor extravagant. Han Qi's renovation is an epoch-making move in the history of Dingzhou Confucian temple. The official school of Dingzhou was officially established. The Confucian temple has both the function of offering sacrifices to Confucius and the educational function of cultivating talents for the country as an official school.

In 1093, Su Shi, the governor of Dingzhou, occasionally acquired Xuelang stone in Zhongshan Houpu (in the first middle courtyard of post Dingzhou), moved it to the back of the main hall of the Confucian temple, and built "Xuelang Zhai".

Jin Dynasty

Maintenance is not available. In 1934 (the 23rd year of the Republic of China), Ding county annals recorded that in 1160 (the fifth year of song Zhenglong), the monument of Confucian temple was rebuilt, but there was no record. The monument was lost early, so the specific maintenance content was unknown.

Yuan dynasty

The war at the end of Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty made the Confucian temple in Dingzhou "burned down, with no foundation, only the old things left"; "the temple only exists, but its field is gone.". From the emperor Shizu to the Yuan Dynasty, the governor of Zhongshan inquired that "the city has 357 mu of land, and the annual income is rented from the school". As a result, "the temple began to offer sacrifices, and the disciples of the school gave gifts." the sacrificial activities and teaching activities of the Confucian temple were slightly restored.

In 1301 (the fifth year of Dade), Tulu, the general capital of the prison, lost his way and Tongzhi sennu, bought bricks and tiles with school rent and built ten couplets of kaozhai.

In 1319 (the sixth year of Yanyou's reign), the governor of Zhongshan government, bieli xiemai, and other officials paid for the work, and built a plus stele tower in the Confucian temple.

In 1334 (the second year of Yuantong), Zhang Congxian, a Confucianist in Dingzhou Confucian temple, erected statues of Duke Ying (Zongsheng Zengzi) and Duke Yi (Shusheng Zisi), which were "ordered from the east to the west, crowned with the South". Zhou Yuan, a righteous scholar, paid for the maintenance of the temple (Dacheng Hall).

In 1348 (the eighth year of Zhizheng), Shi Yu, the governor of Zhongshan, maintained the Confucian temple. Because of the simple inscription, the specific content of the construction is unknown.

In 1352 (the 12th year of Zhizheng reign), the Grand Duke of the governor's office of Zhongshan government saw that the sacrificial vessels in the two verandas of the Confucian temple were not prepared, and that "the system of life, work, and respect was established, which was edified by the Cuan." In the autumn, the sacrificial objects are of their own utensils, and the sacrificial devices are salty. The rank of the sacrificial devices is the same as the rank of the sacrificial devices. And "Xing Ju Sheng Yuan, Shuo Wang, Yan Li Ke Bo, the sound of recitation, all heard far and wide. We still encourage teachers and scholars to eat in the moon.

the Ming dynasty

In Ming Dynasty, Dingzhou Confucian temple was built or maintained for many times. Its scale expanded day by day, its architectural content became more and more abundant, its pattern became more and more regular, and its temple education paid more attention to actual effect, so it entered the second prosperous period.

In 1380 (the 13th year of Hongwu), Xiang Changming, the governor of the state, expanded the lecture hall (Minglun Hall), and built "the main hall with six couplets, a place for study, four rooms, a kitchen and a dining room".

In 1435 (the tenth year of Xuande), Huang Xian was instructed to build Wenchang palace.

In 1444 (the ninth year of Zhengtong), Zhou mu xurang and in 1463 (the seventh year of Tianshun) Zhou Mu Qiu Jun were successively renovated, but the specific content of the renovation is lacking.

In 1471 (the seventh year of Chenghua), Zhizhou Korean "first built Dacheng hall with five couplets, Dougong well, verdant and brilliant; second built two verandas, with 40 curved corridors, two of which are open inside and outside, with deep steps; second built Yongzhi hall, with statues of saints and sages, and sacrificial offerings; and used its spare power to repair the lecture hall, zhailu, paoding and cuisines.". The project was completed in 1477 (the 13th year of Chenghua), which lasted for six years. It was one of the major repairs in the history of Confucian temple maintenance.

In 1484 (the 20th year of Chenghua), due to the fact that the ancestral hall of Han Wei had been damaged for a long time, Pei Tai, the governor of the state, rebuilt it to the east of the Confucian temple. After the reconstruction, the ancestral hall of Han Wei was "a hall with four couplets, lofty and sparse"; in the next year, it was "to learn to live in the back of the temple, to increase the market and study the land, to rebuild the Ming Lun hall in the northwest corner of the temple, to renovate the houses". After Pei Tai's ZengShi Xuedi and the West extension of Confucian temple, the pattern of Confucian temple changed from "former temple and later learning" to "Eastern temple and Western learning" in Han Qi's time, which laid the foundation for the formation of the pattern of Eastern, central and Western academies.

In 1498 (the 11th year of Hongzhi), the prefectural herdsman Xianjian played jade Pavilion, opposite xuelangzhai, later renamed yangsuting.

In 1507 (the second year of Zhengde), Dingzhou government promoted the state affairs, and Shao Tingyuan opened the back road of the temple.

In 1519 (the fourteenth year of Zhengde), Qiong, king of Zhou mu, moved the Su Gong temple to Zhongchun garden.

In 1520 (the 15th year of Zhengde), Ni Ji, a state herdsman, said that "the city and the land were expanded to order Fangzheng, and the lecture hall was built after the Minglun hall, and all the houses were repaired.". So far, the area of the Confucian temple has expanded, the architectural pattern has become more regular, and the construction of the lecture hall has made the construction of the temple more complete.

In 1534 (the 13th year of Jiajing), the king of Zhizhou ordered the restoration of the Ming Lun hall;

In 1565 (the 44th year of Jiajing), the government ordered the state affairs department to set up the front road of the temple;

In 1566, Lin De, the governor of the state, rebuilt the Zhaoqiang.

Layout structure

In 1578 (the sixth year of Wanli), due to Danlong Dawa, King Mu Lu of the state built a "chariot work to coat the foundation, build a height of more than 30 feet, and chiseled pan pool, planted cypress trees in the road, and connected the way of God. He also repaired and rebuilt the Minghuan temple, Xiangxian temple, Qisheng temple, Lingxing gate, Jimen, Minglun hall, etc

Chinese PinYin : Ding Zhou Wen Miao