Beiying Temple

Beiying Temple

Located in the west of Laocheng North Street, Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province. It was built in Yuan Dynasty. There were five camp temples in the East, West, South, North and middle of the barracks in the old city of Hancheng. The existing Beiying temples include Xiandian and Shuidian. look south. The original statue of Guan Yu in the bedroom hall has disappeared. There is only one plaque of "loyalty and righteousness". There is another stage built in the Ming Dynasty in the temple, facing north and south. There are several murals of the Ming Dynasty on both sides of the stage, which are well preserved. The temple covers an area of 2460 square meters.

brief introduction

Beiying temple is located in the west of the north section of Jincheng Street, Jincheng office, Hancheng City. It was built in the Yuan Dynasty and covers an area of 2460 square meters. The existing main buildings are Guodian, Xiandian, Shuidian and Xilou, and the subsidiary buildings are xipiandian and the eastern chamber and the northern chamber of Daoyuan. The layout is compact, and the wooden carvings of xipiandian are extremely gorgeous, which are the remains of Yuan Dynasty.

Inside the temple:

Beiying temple was built in the Yuan Dynasty. It was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty and kept its original appearance. Most of the structures such as fange and Dougong were rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty and slightly modified. Beiying temple is a temple for worshiping Guandi. It sits in the north and faces the south, with a total area of 2460 square meters. The existing main buildings are Guodian, Xiandian, bedchamber and theater. The subsidiary buildings are xipiandian and the East chamber and North chamber of the Taoist temple. The layout is compact, and the theater is extremely ornate in wood carving. It is a legacy of the Yuan Dynasty. The main building, before and after Xiandian, bedchamber connected to form a whole. Qianxian hall, single eaves roll shed hanging on the top of the mountain, cloth tube tile, lifting beam type, two rafters. It is 5 rooms wide, 3.75 meters deep, 3.50 meters deep, 3.30 meters deep and 3.25 meters deep. After Xian Dian, single eaves hard peak, cloth tube tile, lift beam type, four rafters. The front eaves have four gold pillars in a row. The width of the hall is five rooms, the width of the hall is the same as that of Qianxian hall in Ming Dynasty, and the width of the hall is the same as that of the second room in Ming Dynasty. Bedroom hall, single eaves Xie peak, cloth tube tile, lift beam type, four rafters. Dougong five shop, out of the double copy, heavy gongs heart building, the front eaves column head is a long column amount, under the amount of Chuo screen Fang, inside the hall before and after each row of gold pillars, a total of 8. It has three front and five back rooms, with a total depth of 11.15 meters. The front care room is 5.70 meters, the second care room is 5.20 meters, the back care room is 3.40 meters, the second care room is 3.30 meters, and the last care room is 3.00 meters. In the center of the hall of Hou Xian, there is a carved Chinese belt and a vertical plaque with gold characters. It is inscribed with two regular script characters of "loyalty and righteousness" in the middle, and the upper and lower sections are inscribed with the following words: "the auspicious season of Yongzheng's second Yisi (1725); the four Jias of Zhang's family are presented together." After the sacrifice, the forehead of the room was also hung with carved Chinese band and a vertical plaque with gold characters. It was inscribed with two big characters in regular script, namely "holy temple". The upper and lower sections were inscribed with the following words: "the auspicious summer and April in the year of 1898 (1718) in Kangxi, presented by Gao nationality; Gao Jianshu, the magistrate of Mayi county." In front of the west room of the hall stands a stele named "the painting of famous doctors of all dynasties". In the west of the bedroom hall, there is a single eaves and hard top cloth tube tile hall with three rooms wide. On the west side there is a Taoist temple, with four East chamber, five North chamber and two west chamber. The theater is to the south of the temple, in front of the temple. North, single eaves rest peak, lift beam distraction type, four rafters. The front eaves are square with two columns and square forehead on the top. The bottom is decorated with Li Fang and que ti. The top is decorated with Ping Fang and Dougong. There are five rows of Dougong on the corner. The five rows of Dougong on the corner make double copies. The middle three rows of Dougong are decorated with shuang'ang Ruyi Hua Dougong. The front of Dougong is decorated with wood mountain. There are paintings on the back cover. Another two corner eaves decorated with hanging flowers. Da'e and its vertical and horizontal beams are respectively embossed with pavilions and bridges, immortals riding animals, fragrant tripods and precious utensils, and phoenix flying in the sky. The forehead is decorated with relief lion head, and the brick cover between the Dougong on the two mountain walls is painted. The whole decoration set relief, openwork, painting in one, with high historical, artistic, scientific value.

Famous scenic spot:

Theater, in the south of the temple, in front of the temple. North, single eaves rest peak, lift beam distraction type, four rafters. The front eaves are square with two columns and square forehead on the top. The bottom is decorated with Li Fang and que ti. The top is decorated with Ping Fang and Dougong. There are five rows of Dougong on the corner. The five rows of Dougong on the corner make double copies. The middle three rows of Dougong are decorated with shuang'ang Ruyi Hua Dougong. The front of Dougong is decorated with wood mountain. There are paintings on the back cover. Another two corner eaves decorated with hanging flowers. Da'e and its vertical and horizontal beams are respectively embossed with pavilions and bridges, immortals riding animals, fragrant tripods and precious utensils, and phoenix flying in the sky. The forehead is decorated with relief lion head, and the brick cover between the Dougong on the two mountain walls is painted. The whole decoration set relief, openwork, painting in one, with high historical, artistic, scientific value. Now it is listed as the national key cultural relics protection unit.

Material cultural heritage

The number of temples preserved in the ancient city of Hancheng is relatively large, mainly the temples and Taoist temples offering sacrifices to the gods, while the number of Buddhist temples is relatively small. What was the purpose of the preserved "Ying Temple" at that time? It is generally believed that it was originally the barracks for guarding the city. It was located in five directions: East, West, South, North and middle. The four Ying temples in the East, West, South and North were located near the four city gates, while the Zhongying temple was close to the city Department. In the Yuan Dynasty, the relevant imperial temples were built in each Ying temple, and the "Ying" became the capital“ So we can't see any trace of the Barracks at that time. Judging from the layout of the existing buildings, it should be a temple for worshiping gods, especially the inscription of "Guansheng Temple" on the gate of Dongying temple, which can explain this problem. But why people still call it Dongying Temple instead of Guandi temple? It is speculated that when it was founded, it should have nothing to do with Guandi temple, but later built Guandi temple in the camp according to some needs.

As for the construction of "yingmiao", according to the preserved "Dongying" and "Beiying" temples, there should also be "Xiying" and "Nanying". According to the theory of "Wuying", there should also be "Zhongying" in addition to the above-mentioned four yingmiao. But now they no longer exist. There is no record of when they were destroyed.

The ancient city of Hancheng was built in the Sui Dynasty, and in the Yuan Dynasty, Guandi temples were set up in each camp to offer sacrifices to the emperor Guansheng, aiming to pray for the safety of the city, reflecting the ideology and culture of the rule of man and God. This architectural pattern is unique to the ancient city of Hancheng.

The layout of Dongying temple is different from that of Beiying temple. Dongying temple sits east to west, while Beiying temple sits north to south. The scale, form and style of buildings are also different. There is a theater in Beiying temple, but not in Dongying temple. However, the gods in Dongying temple were divided into relatively independent activity spaces, such as Guandi temple in east-west direction and Sangong temple in north-south direction. There is no such situation in Beiying temple. The main buildings are distributed on the north-south axis. What the two temples have in common is that in order to increase the use of space in the hall, they both adopt the form of linking, that is, connecting several halls together. Because the structure of the building itself is relatively simple, the overall facade image changes little. The Beiying Temple connects the three halls of Guodian, Xiangdian and Shuidian together. It not only saves some wooden doors and windows, but also expands the space for internal use. At the same time, it adds a sense of hierarchy to the facade image. In terms of architectural form, it is rolling shed hard mountain Xieshan. In terms of architectural volume, it is from light to heavy, that is, from low to high, which is like a piece of music From the beginning of the low tide has developed to the climax, and finally to the end, so architecture is solidified music, there is a deep philosophy.

Both Dongying temple and Beiying temple are decorated with relief, openwork and painting. Although the volume of single building is not large, the overall layout of the temple is basically well preserved, and the treatment of the temple structure is unique, so it has high historical and artistic value. Dongying Temple belongs to Hancheng Museum and has been opened to the outside world, while Beiying Temple belongs to Hancheng Jincheng City, managed by the cultural management office, has also been opened to the outside world.

Cultural influence:

Beiying Temple integrates relief, openwork, painting and other decorations. It connects the three halls of Guodian, Xiangdian and Shuidian. It not only saves some wooden doors and windows, but also expands the space for internal use. At the same time, it adds a sense of hierarchy to the facade image. From the perspective of architectural form, it is rolling shed hard mountain Xieshan. From the perspective of architectural volume, it is from light to heavy, That is to say, from low to high, although the volume of single building is not large, the overall pattern of the temple is basically intact, and the treatment of the structure of the temple is relatively unique, so it has high historical and artistic value. Beiying Temple belongs to the management of Hancheng Jincheng Cultural Management Office, and has also been opened to the outside world.

Address: west side of the north section of Jincheng Street, Hancheng City, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province

Longitude: 110.438816

Latitude: 35.464707

Chinese PinYin : Bei Ying Miao