Sima Qian Temple

Sima Qian Temple

Sima Qian temple is located on the hill southeast of Zhichuan Town, ten kilometers south of Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province. It is 555 meters long from east to west and 229 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of 45000 square meters.

Sima Qian temple, facing the Yellow River in the East and Liangshan in the west, is the most famous scenic spot in Hancheng. According to the records of Hancheng county annals, Zhishui was originally named taoqushui. It is said that Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty adopted Ganoderma lucidum in the Yang of taoqushui and changed its name to Zhishui. So far, there is still the "Lingzhi Temple" site in the west of lvzhuang village, which was promoted to the national AAAA tourist attraction in 2014.

In 1982, the State Council announced that Sima Qian temple was the second batch of national cultural relics protection units. On December 7, 2018, the 2018 "charming China city" cultural tourism charm list was sponsored by CCTV financial channel and Pacific Century Tourism.

Brief introduction of ancestral temple

Sima Qian temple, commonly known as Sima temple, was built in memory of the famous historian Sima Qian. Located on hanyipo cliff in Zhichuan Town, 10km south of Hancheng City, it was built in the 4th year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty. Sima Qian's ancestral temple is built from the bottom of the slope to the top of the cliff. On its top, you can see the surging Yellow River in the East, the majestic Liangshan Mountain in the west, the great wall of the ancient Wei Dynasty in the south, and the long flowing water in the north. The magnificent natural form and beautiful scenery reflect Sima Qian's noble personality and great achievements.

Cultural relics protection

In February 1982, the State Council announced that Sima Qian ancestral hall was a national key cultural relics protection unit.

The beginning of the construction

Sima Qian's ancestral temple was built in the fourth year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty (310 A.D.), about 1700 years ago. "Yin Ji, the governor of Xiayang, paid attention to his posthumous writings and admired his merits, so he built a stone chamber, erected a stele and planted cypresses." According to the county annals: "water note: there is a temple in the tomb of Zichang, and there is a monument in front of the temple. In the fourth year of Yongjia period of Jin Dynasty, Yin Ji, the governor of Hanyang, paid great attention to his posthumous writings, so he built a stone chamber and erected a stone tablet and cypress. Taishigong said, "if you move to Longmen, it's the place where the tomb is empty." In the fourth year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty, the palace was rebuilt. Since then, it has been renovated and built for more than a thousand years.

Sima Qian's ancestor, Sima Qian said in his preface: "Chang (Gaozu) was born wuze (Zeng Zu), and wuze was the mayor of Han Dynasty. No Ze Sheng Xi (Zu), Xi for the five doctors, all the dead were buried in gaomen Today, there is gaomen village in Weidong Town, which is about four li away from the ancestral temple and tomb to the south.

Layout structure

The large-scale expansion of Taishi temple was in the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1669 AD). Zhai Shiqi, the magistrate of the county, and Lao Yang Sike of Zhichuan Township, together with 20 other people, discussed this expansion. They built an overpass on simapo and used cars to pull the earth on the South plateau to the front of Sima temple. Within a few days, the foundation of the hall was 9.6 feet long and 5.6 feet wide, making the Ming hall high and wide. For consolidation, the foundation and the right bank of the hall were sealed with three layers of grey bricks from the outside. On the left side of the foundation, the gully flows around from the East. It also fills the gully for several feet. Ninety nine steps are built with bricks and stones, and they rise up to the surface of the cloud.

Architectural style

From the perspective of architecture, although the Taishi temple is not large in scale, its style is as outstanding as Sima Qian's personality, articles and career. It is based on the natural terrain of the mountains, not limited by the traditional symmetrical layout of Chinese architecture. After careful planning, it has been built into a tall and majestic Tai Shi temple, which is very harmonious with the surrounding environment.

According to the appraisal of ancient architecture experts, this song dynasty building provides important material materials for us to understand and study the development and evolution of Chinese ancient architecture and the mutual influence of regional architecture. Taishi ancestral temple is not only a valuable heritage in China's cultural history, but also a representative historical material for the study of China's architectural history. After liberation, the party and the people's government attached great importance to Taishi ancestral temple and strengthened its protection. On August 6, 1956, the provincial people's government announced that Sima Qian's ancestral tomb was the first batch of cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province.

Reconstruction period

Sima Qian temple was rebuilt in 1957. In 1982, the State Council announced Sima Qian temple as the second batch of national cultural relics protection units. In June 1973, Hancheng City established "simamiao literary Management Office". Since 1978, zhangyao temple, Sansheng temple, Yuwang temple, Hedu tablet and Xingshan temple in Hancheng City have been moved to the temple. The formation of ancient buildings.

From November 1986 to March 1989, the state invested another 2.3 million yuan to reinforce and repair the ancestral platform and the north slope.

Hospital facilities

Ancestral temple

On the north side of the mountain, the cliff stands about 100 meters high. In front of the ancestral temple, you can see from a high altitude: the Yellow River flows around the front of the temple, and the water flows to the left. It sleeps on the hill of Liangshan in the west, and faces the ancestral temple of Qianren in the south. The walls are made of bricks, and the view is magnificent. There are dozens of towering ancient cypresses in the courtyard, together with Jingfang flowers and trees, which fully show Sima Qian's great personality and the fragrance of thousands of generations. At the back of Sima Qian's ancestral hall, the tomb of Sima Qian is hidden by the pines. It is said that the shape of the eight trigrams tomb is very similar to the Mongolian yurt. It was rebuilt by Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.

In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the rulers of ethnic minorities came to control the Central Plains. At this time, historical records had been widely spread throughout the country. Sima Qian's progressive national view was not only accepted by the Han nationality, but also met the needs of the rulers of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Kublai not only saw the progressive national view in historical records, but also found the origin of the development of his own nation. He thought that it was Sima Qian, a historian of Han nationality, who recorded history for more ethnic minorities. So according to the custom of the Mongols, he rebuilt the yurt shaped brick round tomb for Shi Sheng.

The three kilometer oil road from Zhichuan town to the ancestral temple has been paved. There are pine and cypress ornamental trees on both sides of the road

① Exhibition hall of Shiji Beiyuan, exhibition hall of shishengjishijing, exhibition hall of Longmen yisima, exhibition center of Shiji, landscape of the 12th century park, exhibition hall of Qianqiu Taishigong, exhibition hall of spring and autumn, exhibition hall of great works huiwandai, exhibition hall of guarding homeland. In addition, there is also the monument of the Eighth Route Army's eastward crossing of the Yellow River and the tourist center of Sima Qian Temple Scenic Area: shopping supermarket, photo shop, teahouse, reception room and other service facilities, which receives hundreds of thousands of domestic and foreign tourists every year.

It is generally accepted that Sima Qian's sacrifice began in the Western Jin Dynasty. According to Li Daoyuan's shuijingzhu in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there is a temple in front of Sima Qian's tomb and a monument in front of the temple. In 310, the fourth year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty, Yin Ji, the governor of Hanyang, paid great attention to Sima Qian's posthumous writings, so he built a stone room on the high hill in the south of Zhishui, erected a stone tablet and planted cypresses. This is probably the initial situation of Sima Qian's ancestral hall. As for the tomb behind the ancestral temple, it must be that the Duke of Yin thought it was a pity that there was a ancestral temple but no tomb, so he sealed up a tomb for worshiping and sweeping. Because there is no final conclusion on the year and cause of Sima Qian's death in the field of historiography, Ji Chun said in his chronology of Sima Qian's life: "the year of Sima Qian's death is unknown. "It's always a pity that Sima Qian was wronged in the world, died in an unknown year, and didn't know where he was going.

In order to ease the pain in the hearts of the people, the Duke of Yin sealed his tomb, making it a beginning and an end. There is no historical record on how to offer sacrifices after the construction of Sima Qian's ancestral tomb, but Yin Ji has made great contribution to the establishment of Sima Qian's ancestral tomb! Hancheng is the hometown of Sima Qian. In history, there has been a tradition of offering sacrifices to Sima Qian. However, the large-scale and more formal sacrifices have continued since 2005.

On March 31, 2016, the "bingshennian sacrificial ceremony for Sima Qian" was held in the square of Sima Qian temple in Hancheng City. The ceremony of offering sacrifices to Sima Qian is evolved from the national intangible cultural heritage protection project "Xu Village Sima Qian sacrifice". Because of its unique rituals and rich cultural connotation, "Sima Qian sacrifice" has gradually developed from the spontaneous sacrifice formed by Sima's descendants to the sacrificial cultural activities as famous as "public sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor" and "public sacrifice to Confucius". It has become a public welfare cultural activity for people from all walks of life to commemorate the great man, remember the sages, carry forward culture and inherit civilization.

Related allusions

After thousands of years of historical accumulation, "sacrificing historical sage" finally formed the cultural connotation of "wind chasing Sima" and shaped the city symbol of "historical records of Hancheng". In recent years, the scale and influence of the memorial ceremony of Sima Qian has been expanding, and gradually developed into a landmark city brand and cultural landmark of Korean city, which has attracted many tourists to come to Hancheng and become a hot topic of urban culture and tourism publicity.

The opening ceremony of 2016 bingshen memorial ceremony for Sima Qian and Hancheng international tourism and culture week was jointly hosted by Zhu Xun, a famous host of CCTV, and Xu Jie, a host of Shaanxi radio and television station. It began with the music of Spring Festival, a musical dance of the Han Dynasty. Spring sacrifice combines the local tradition of worshiping historical saints in Hancheng with spring outing during the Qingming Festival to show the uniqueness of worshiping historical saints in Hancheng and form a distinctive and charming sacrificial atmosphere.

This year's sacrificial ceremony is divided into six rituals: offering sacrifices, kowtowing to descendants, burning incense, offering the Yellow River water, chanting sacrifices and singing music. Sun Sheng, President of Simaqian society of Hancheng City, served as the singer. First of all, representatives of Sima's descendants offered sacrifices, three worships and nine kowtows, traced their roots and appreciated their ancestors' kindness. Then, representatives from all walks of life bowed to the incense burner, and the wind chased Sima. Wang Zhi, a famous host and scholar, is the chief mourner of this year

Chinese PinYin : Si Ma Qian Ci