Yanyuan

Yanyuan

Peking University campus, also known as Yanyuan, is located in the northeast of Haidian town in the western suburb of Beijing, adjacent to Yuanmingyuan and summer palace. Because of its superior natural and geographical conditions, there are Western Hills to borrow from and springs to draw from, it became a famous scenic spot in the suburbs of Beijing as early as the Jin Dynasty, and also a "garden granted" by the feudal emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After Peking University moved to this garden in 1952, it made full use of these classical gardens, maintained the tradition, appropriately transformed, adapted to the landscape of the inner and outer garden areas, and built a garden like campus environment. Peking University campus not only has the grandeur of the northern garden, but also has the beautiful characteristics of the Jiangnan landscape garden. It can be said that it is a perfect combination of the Jiangnan landscape garden spirit. For hundreds of years, although it has experienced many vicissitudes, it is no longer the original appearance, but its basic pattern and charm still exist, which has become a rare historical heritage. The campus of Peking University has such a precious garden, which naturally complements each other. There are not only pavilions and other classical buildings and rockeries and rocks, but also mountains surrounded by water, lakes connected, dikes and islands interspersed, lake light and tower shadow, and pleasant scenery; the campus has towering ancient trees, shady green trees, evergreen all year round, birds singing and flowers fragrant, and the landscape is changing step by step.

Royal Garden

"Yanyuan" used to be Mi Wanzhong's "spoon garden" in Ming Dynasty

Peking University's "Yanyuan" was originally Mi Wanzhong's "spoon garden" in Ming Dynasty, also known as "rice garden". In Tianfu Guangji: "Haidian rice spoon garden, garden only 100 mu. As soon as you see the water, you can see the long dike bridge, the secluded pavilions and the winding pavilions... " Now around Weiming lake on the campus of Peking University is the site of Shaoyuan. At that time, there was a famous garden "Tsinghua garden" in the west of Shaoyuan. However, this Tsinghua garden is not the Tsinghua garden of Tsinghua University, but the garden of Li Wei, Marquis of Wu Qing Dynasty, the father of Empress Dowager CI Sheng Li, the biological mother of Emperor Wanli of Ming Dynasty. Qinghua garden "covers an area of more than ten mu, with complete halls, pavilions and platforms.". More than ten miles of water, thousands of trees, thousands of bamboos, hundreds of millions of flowers Peony in thousands, peony in tens of thousands, the capital's first garden also. But at the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Shaoyuan and Qinghua garden were destroyed by war.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Changchun Garden, the first royal garden of Qing dynasty built by Emperor Kangxi in Haidian, was built on the original site of Qinghua garden. When Kangxi built Changchun Garden, he also built a small garden "Yuanmingyuan" in Fuhai area to the north of Changchun Garden and gave it to Prince Yongzheng, the later Emperor Yongzheng. During the reign of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, the Yuanmingyuan was overhauled and expanded, giving it 30 sceneries. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong built Changchun Garden in the east of Yuanmingyuan, and Qichun garden, also known as Wanchun Garden, in the south of the two gardens, which became the "three gardens of Yuanmingyuan", and made Yuanmingyuan have 40 scenes, reaching its peak. After that, Emperor Qianlong renovated the Weiming Lake spoon garden in the south of Yuanmingyuan, which is called Chunxi courtyard (now Peking University). At the same time, it also renovated the Xichun garden, also known as Dongyuan (now at Tsinghua University), to the east of Yuanmingyuan. Yuanmingyuan is known as "Yuanming five gardens", namely Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden, Qichun garden, Chunxi courtyard and Xichun garden.

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, "Shaoyuan" became the "Shuchun garden" of Helian

During the reign of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong awarded the Chunxi courtyard (the "spoon garden" in the Ming Dynasty) to the bachelor he Lu. He Lin built "Shuchun garden" here, and some of them were written as "Shuchun garden". Because of his wealth, Shuchun garden is the first private garden in Beijing. He Lu also called this garden "Shihu garden". Now in Jingchun Park in Weiming Hubei Province, many of the old courtyard houses are still the houses of Shuchun Park in Hezhen. The "isolated island" in the park is similar to the "Yaotai island" in Yuanming Park, which is also one of Hezhen's crimes. In particular, the "moon tower facing the wind" in the garden is like a pavilion in the sky, which is even more "Yue Zhi". There is a huge bell in the building, which was given to Qianlong by foreigners. Qianlong rewarded his beloved daughters, namely the ten princesses Gu Lun and Xiao princess. Because Princess Hexiao married his only son, Fengshen Yinde, the couple lived in the building. Every morning when the bell rings, he and Princess Xiao get up, and the maids in court make up for her. There is a huge stone in front of the building, which is a wonder in the garden. There is also a huge stone boat in the lake. Now the base of the stone boat is preserved on the West Bank of Weiming lake. Most of these landscapes are praised by poets. For example, Yichen, the prince of Qingchun, wrote poems for the "four sceneries" of Shuchun garden. "Facing the wind waiting for the moon tower" poem: "phase industry negative Linquan, boarding regret in the past. The tower is sad to the crane, and the solitary grave is sad to the cuckoo. If only the wind and the moon are delayed, why is it made up by the pollution. The host is scattered, and a young cloud is poured. "Stone boat" poem: "Yu general fuzzy distinction, Xuan Ying sigh loot ash. It turned out to be reclamation, not Jichuan wood. Weishui river once pushed hub, Yanling still diaotai. Linliu a hanging, stung language move haolai. The poem "Jushi" said: "the chariot transport is very important, and it's hard to pass on the mail. How can the poor and extravagant turn down the romantic. Xianggong empty Mu structure cage, leisure guest not edge worship stone stay. It's useful to move this to mend the sky, but it's useless to learn from him. That is to say, it seems to nod to the Shahe River. "Lonely island" poem: "Jiege Lingyun long dim, Qiuxu Wanzhi water center. Open the wall Teng base trace still know, cut thorns covered hazel Xing also crazy. It has become three chapters of the law. It's always a mirage, a thrill, and a break in sails.

In Jiaqing period, Shuchun garden was divided into Minghe garden and Jingchun garden

In the seventh year of Jiaqing period, Hezhen was executed. Shuchun garden is divided into two parts. In the west is Mianyu's garden, the fifth son of Jiaqing. It is called "Minghe garden". It covers a large area and has no existence now. However, some Siheyuan ruins of the flower temple in Hezhen period are still in existence. Now the west gate of Peking University is the gate of Ming He garden. The plaque "Peking University" on the palace gate was inscribed by Chairman Mao Zedong. The northeast part of Shuchun garden is changed to "Jingchun garden" of Princess Zhuang Jing GuLun, the fourth daughter of Jiaqing, so people commonly call Princess Zhuang Jing Princess Jingchun. The area of Jingchun garden is smaller than that of Minghe garden. The palace gate of Jingchun garden is three door Ying, which is in the southeast of Weiming lake. The rockery is the screen in the gate, and the courtyard is a large courtyard. The house is a palace style building, and the tower facing the wind and waiting for the moon is still the main building. Because of "there are trees for the garden", the hometown of pine and cypress towering, Huai Liu Road, flowers contend. Especially peony. The peony here was named guanhaidian when it was in Shuchun garden for Hezhen. Now, the Weiming Hubei area in the west gate of Peking University is also called "Jingchun garden", and the avenue in the south of the garden is called "Jingchun road". Jingchun garden is also the only existing ancient architectural complex in Peking University campus. Some of the ancient buildings in Jingchun garden have been renovated, and most of them are still in their original state. Some of the quadrangles are still the buildings of heshuchun garden. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu, longrun garden was built between Jingchun garden and Minghe Garden (also known as Chunhe garden, which was originally a part of Minghe garden and was given to Prince Gong Yixin by Cixi). Since then, the three gardens have gradually become abandoned gardens. In 1911, the Christian Church of the United States bought the Abandoned Garden from zaitao, a descendant of Prince Chun of the Qing Dynasty, and established "Yanjing University". In 1952, after the founding of new China, Peking University and Yanjing University merged, and Peking University moved from Beida red building in Dongcheng beach to "Yanyuan".

University Campus

In 1920, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Women's University and Beijing Huiwen University merged to build Yanjing University. President Leighton Stuart bought Shuchun garden and the former site of Shaoyuan garden in the south from warlord Chen Shufan for 60000 silver yuan. American architect H.K. Murphy was in charge of the campus planning and design. Murphy's design first embodied Chinese classical architecture Architectural style: landscape, Lake Island, red walls, grey tiles, carved beams and painted buildings. Its architectural layout adopts the axis system with clear primary and secondary, and takes it as the context to expand. The first main axis starts from the west school gate, passes through the office building, across the mountains and lakes, through the pavilion in the middle of the lake, and extends to the East Lake bank; the second main axis starts from the second gymnasium in the south, through one to six large courtyards, across the mountains and forests, and reaches the middle of the two groups of buildings. The effect of this design at that time also made Murphy famous and won the reputation of "model product in the architectural world". Nowadays, some people evaluate that it originates from nature and is higher than nature. It not only realizes the unity of architectural function and environment, the coordination of architectural art and environment, but also makes the individual buildings with traditional national style coordinate with the ancient garden style, makes the vertical and horizontal alternate architectural axis layout and the garden environment infiltrate each other, forms a harmonious rhythm with architectural groups, and blends buildings with landscape, roads and woods The combination of space sequence makes people have a variety of beautiful feelings, reflecting the unique humanistic care of architecture. Because it is the seat of Yanjing University, it is called Yanyuan. In 1952, Peking University moved from the inner city's Beach (red building) to Yanyuan in the western suburb. Since then, Yanyuan has become the seat of Peking University and the pronoun of Peking University.

Related works

In 2005, leisurely novel "dream of Yanyuan" came out, which is more than 800000 words long. It takes Yanyuan of Peking University as the description object, and makes a comprehensive description of the scenery in the garden. Yannan garden, Jingyuan garden, Weiming lake, Youya lake, Honghu Lake, Houhu lake, Langrun garden, Minghe garden These famous landscapes in Yanyuan are vividly expressed. Chen Yunhe, a contemporary poet and writer, wrote his essay "walking out of Tsinghua University to Peking University", which describes the author's excitement when he visited Peking University: "Peking University's history leads him, following the old Presidents such as Yan Fu, Cai Yuanpei, Jiang Menglin and Ma Yin, following famous professors and outstanding talents such as Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong, Hu Shi and Lu Xun, and following the spirit of" patriotism, progress, democracy and science " Traditional and "diligent, rigorous, realistic and innovative" style of study, from the beach to Yanyuan, from the red mansion to Weiming lake, has made a long journey

Chinese PinYin : Yan Yuan