Ancient city of Huizhou

Ancient city of Huizhou

Huizhou ancient city, also known as Shexian ancient city, was called Xin'an County in ancient times. It is located in Huicheng Town, Shexian County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province, with a total area of 24.7 square kilometers. The ancient city was built in the Qin Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, it has been the seat of Huijun, Zhouzhi and Fuzhi. Therefore, the county and Fuzhi are in the same city, forming a unique style of city. The ancient city of Huizhou is the birthplace of Huizhou studies, one of the three major local schools in China. It is known as "the land of Zou Lu and etiquette in the Southeast".

The ancient city of Huizhou is divided into inner city and outer outline, with four gates in the East, West, North and south. In addition, there are also urn City, gate, ancient street, ancient lane and so on.

There are seven scenic spots in the city, including Huiyuan, yuliangba, xuguoshifang, Doushan street, Taoxingzhi memorial hall, Xin'an Beiyuan and Taibai building. It covers the Huizhou culture of Xin'an Neo Confucianism, Huizhou Puxue, Xin'an medicine, Xin'an painting school, Huizhou print, Huizhou seal cutting, Huizhou opera, Huizhou merchants, Huizhou architecture, Huizhou "four sculptures", Huizhou cuisine, Huizhou tea ceremony, Huizhou dialect, etc.

Huizhou ancient city is one of the four well preserved ancient cities in China. In 1986, it was listed as a national historical and cultural city by the State Council. In 2014, it was listed as a part of the national 5A scenic spot ancient Huizhou cultural tourism area.

In February 2020, free tickets will be offered to medical workers nationwide.

Historical evolution

Shexian county was built in 221 B.C. in the 26th year of Emperor Qinshihuang.

In the second year of Da shou (121 BC), Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to Danyang county.

In 280, the first year of Taikang, Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty, belonged to Xin'an County.

In 553, the second year of Chengsheng reign of emperor Liang Yuan of the Southern Dynasty was Xinning County.

In 589, Shexian was merged into Haining county and subordinate to Wuzhou. In 591, Shexian was restored and subordinate to Shezhou. In 607, Shezhou was renamed Xin'an County.

In 621, Xin'an County was renamed Shezhou.

In 742, Shezhou was renamed Xin'an County.

In 758, Xin'an County was renamed Shezhou.

Shezhou was renamed Huizhou in 1121.

In 1277, Huizhou was changed to Huizhou road.

In 1357, Emperor Shun changed Huizhou road into Xing'an mansion. In 1367, Xing'an Prefecture was changed into Huizhou Prefecture.

The first year of the Republic of China (1912), the abolition of the county government, directly under Anhui Province. In June of 1914, it belonged to Wuhu Road. In August 1928, the abandoned road was directly under the jurisdiction of Anhui Province, and in October 1932, it was the tenth administrative supervision district of Anhui Province. In March of 1940, it belonged to the southern Anhui administrative office, and in August of the same year, it belonged to the seventh administrative supervision district of the southern Anhui administrative office. In September 1945, the administrative office of Southern Anhui was abolished, and Shexian county was the seventh administrative supervision district of Anhui Province.

In 1949, after April 28, it belonged to the people's Administrative Office of Southern Anhui District, and on May 13, it belonged to Huizhou special district.

In October 1949, it belonged to Huizhou special area.

In March 1956, it belonged to Wuhu district.

In April 1961, it belonged to Huizhou special area.

In 1974, it belonged to Huizhou area.

On November 27, 1987, Huangshan City was established in Huizhou area, and Shexian county was subordinate to Huangshan City.

architectural composition

The ancient city of Huizhou has always been the seat of Huijun, Zhouzhi and Fuzhi, so the county and Fuzhi are in the same city, forming a unique style of city to city. The ancient city of Shexian, built in the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, is divided into the inner city and the outer city, with four gates, East, West, North and south. In addition, there are also urn City, gate, ancient street, ancient lane and so on. Shexian has built more than 400 memorial archways since Tang and Song dynasties.

The ancient city of Huizhou originated from wanghuaqian County in the late Sui Dynasty. It was ruled under wuliao mountain in she county. It has Zicheng inside and Luocheng outside, Doushan in the northeast, wuliao in the southeast and Lianxi in the West. It goes down to shepu around the southeast corner. Lailongdou mountain originates from Huangshan mountain range. Its main vein flows into yaoyaoyan in Jixi County in the East, from Matouling in the south to Dazhang mountain in the west, from Shezheng mountain in the southwest, and from feisheng mountain, Zizhi mountain, Yuping mountain, Shibi mountain, Baiyu mountain, Ma'anshan mountain, Doushan mountain, Wanshan mountain and wuliao mountain in the right. Feibu mountain is located in the north of Fu City, connecting Yingjian, wanglinjian, Yashan, Yinling, langchui mountain, baielong, Houshan, etc. The rich water flows from Ruoling to Getang to Yangzhi; the BuChE water flows from Changyuan to dongshanying to Yangzhi; the Yangzhi water, also known as Huixi, flows from Jixi to Dazhang mountain, where the rich water, BuChE water and fengle water from Huangshan flow into Lianjiang River at Taiping Bridge. Lianjiang River has clear sand and clean water. It flows into Yuliang from the southeast of the city, reaches Pukou through Longjing mountain, and converges with Jianjiang River from the south to shepu. It is Xin'an River and goes to Qiantang in the East.

geographical environment

geographical position

Huizhou ancient city is located in the center of Huicheng Town, Shexian County, Huangshan City, Southern Anhui Province. It borders Jixi County and Lin'an City in Zhejiang Province in the northeast, Chun'an County and Kaihua County in Zhejiang Province in the southeast, Tunxi District and Xiuning County in the southwest, and Huizhou District and Huangshan District in the northwest. The geographical coordinates are about 29 ° 52 ′ 9.58 ″ N and 118 ° 25 ′ 46.45 ″ E.

Climatic characteristics

Huizhou ancient city belongs to the transition zone between the middle subtropical zone and the north subtropical zone. The annual average temperature is 16.3 ℃, the coldest is January, the average temperature is 3.8 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 12.7 ℃, the hottest is July, the average temperature is 27.9 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 40.8 ℃. The first day of 80% guarantee rate is March 15, the last day is November 15, lasting 236 days, and the accumulated temperature is 5174.7 ℃.

hydrographic features

According to the topography and flow direction, the rivers of Huizhou ancient city can be divided into three parts: Huangshan Mountains in the northwest, Tianmu Mountains in the northeast and Baiji mountains in the southeast. Among them, except that the water of Taohu mountain in Fuxi Township flows into Xiangxi and belongs to the Qingyi River water system, the rest flows into Xin'an River and belongs to Xin'an River water system. The downstream of the city is Xin'anjiang reservoir area, and the upstream of the city is fengle River, Yangzhi River, fuzishui River and busheshui river. After forming Lianjiang River, it flows into Xin'anjiang river. Xin'anjiang River enters Huizhou District, and its tributaries, such as nalian River and Changyuan River, zigzag southeast and flows into Qiandao lake at JIEKOU.

Main attractions

History and culture

folk culture

Huizhou Folk Songs

Huizhou Folk Song is an ancient Han folk art in Huizhou area. It is rich in content and diverse in genres, including chants, folk songs, ditty, Buddhist and Taoist songs, etc. Huizhou Folk songs have something in common with Huizhou Folk Songs, which are widely sung and catchy. Some of them are original and retain the characters and rhyming features of ancient Chinese dialects. Some of them are expressed in vernacular because they can't find the corresponding Chinese characters in local dialects. Most of the folk songs are about Huizhou women who were left at home at that time missing them day and night The struggling husband, in the relatively easy work of embroidering shoes and washing clothes, sings casually to express his yearning for his relatives. "Huizhou Folk Song duet" contains a total of ten popular folk songs, such as "herniu Huagu", "four seasons to explore sister", "buy silk thread" and so on. In June 2008, the "Huizhou Folk Songs" declared by Huangshan City of Anhui Province were listed in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list with the approval of the State Council.

Huizhou marriage

In the old days, Huizhou marriage strictly followed the orders of parents and the words of matchmakers. Generally, there are nine procedures: matchmaking, employment, appointment, marriage, face opening, wedding, worship, bridal chamber and return. Matchmakers are generally older women, known as "matchmakers.". Xingpin is commonly known as "songdan". After receiving the gift, the woman will return the gift on the same day, and the marriage will be decided. After the engagement, the man chooses the date of marriage and informs the woman, which is called "date of marriage". Please move and marry later. On the day of the wedding, my aunt or aunt uses two silk threads to wring the hair off the bride's forehead, which is called "kaimian", also known as "Ramen". Then there is the wedding, the hall, the bridal chamber. On the third day after marriage, Xinying accompanies the bride to pay homage to her parents, which is called "return home". This is a "fair marriage". There are other special marriage forms, such as child marriage, concubines, marriage snatching, marriage entering a redundant family, marriage before death, etc. After the 1950s, arranged marriage by parents was gradually replaced by free love, and marriage was simple. After the 1980s, some people took the form of tourism and group wedding.

Human Pyramid

Dilahan is a popular folk entertainment in Shexian county. During the performance, the actors wear red trousers, bare arms and face painting. The actors are all male, and the performance is simple and rough. Before the performance, a sacrificial ceremony will be held, including burning paper and incense, sweeping the hall by arhat, and then the actors will step on the stage or perform in the square one after another. Under the simple rhythm of big drum beating, the actors perform children's worship of Guanyin, diagonal flag, Xianren bridge, stone monkey out of the mountain, six pillar archway, Liangxin Water Pavilion, shuilian cave, Liuhai opera and Golden Toad respectively. The performance is easy first and difficult later, especially the tumbling of the actors in the water curtain cave and the six layer modeling of more than 20 actors in the six pillar archway.

Regional culture

Huizhou culture

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Western Jin Dynasty, the late Tang Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, there were four times of southward migration of powerful families in the north, which brought advanced production technology and Central Plains culture, and Huizhou culture was the most outstanding inclusive integration of Central Plains culture. It's comprehensive

Chinese PinYin : Hui Zhou Gu Cheng