Guanzhong Academy

Guanzhong academy is the highest institution of learning in Shaanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is also one of the four famous academies in China and the top of the four academies in Northwest China. It is located in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. The building of the academy is large-scale. There are 6 middle lecture halls called "yunzhitang", 4 South rooms on the left and right, 6 East and West rooms on the left and 6 West rooms on the right. There are rockeries behind the lecture hall, "three peaks towering green" and "like a small Huayue". In front of the lecture hall, there is a half acre square pond, with pavilions in the middle and stone bridges. There are two gates in the Academy, two couplets in the gate and four couplets in the gate.

Guanzhong Academy

Guanzhong academy is the highest institution of learning in Shaanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is also one of the four famous academies in China and the top of the four academies in Northwest China. It is located in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. The building of the academy is large-scale. There are 6 middle lecture halls called "yunzhitang", 4 South rooms on the left and right, 6 East and West rooms on the left and 6 West rooms on the right. There are rockeries behind the lecture hall, "three peaks towering green" and "like a small Huayue". In front of the lecture hall, there is a half acre square pond, with pavilions in the middle and stone bridges. There are two gates in the Academy, two couplets in the gate and four couplets in the gate.

Guanzhong Academy was built in Wanli year of Shenzong in Ming Dynasty. It is a famous institution in Shaanxi Province in Ming and Qing Dynasties and one of the four academies in China. In July 2009, with the incorporation of Xi'an Normal University into Xi'an University of Arts and Sciences, Guanzhong academy has become the North Campus of Xi'an University of Arts and Sciences since then, continuing the profound historical origin of the University and Guanzhong Academy.

Guanzhong academy is a famous institution of learning in Shaanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties, one of the four major academies in China. It is located in the west entrance of Shuyuanmen Street on the west side of nanmennei in Xi'an. Guanzhong academy has an important influence on the orientation of Xi'an University of Arts and science and the construction of university culture. The spirit of Guanzhong academy also plays a positive role in the economic, social and cultural construction of Xi'an.

An overview of Academies

Guanzhong academy is a famous Academy in Shaanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is located in the southeast of Xi'an Prefecture, at Xi'an Normal University on the east side of the South Gate of Xi'an city. In 1592, after Feng Congwu, a famous scholar and censor of Shaanxi Province, dismissed Shenzong from office and returned to Li, he and his friends Xiao Huizhi and Zhou Shuyuan gave lectures in Baoqing temple in the west of this place for many years, with a large number of disciples and a narrow temple. In October of 1609, Wang keshou, the governor of Shaanxi Province, Li Tianlin, Xiong Yingzhan, min Hongxue, Chen Ning and Duan Youxian, the Deputy envoys, founded Guanzhong Academy for Feng Congwu. In the Academy, there are six couplets in the lecture hall, with a plaque named "yunzhitang". Feng Congwu's Guanzhong academy notes says: "the academy is named Guanzhong, and the plaque on its hall is Yunzhi. It uses the word" Zhong "in Guanzhong to explain the secret of yunzhizhong." On the left and right sides of the lecture hall, there are four courtyards, all facing south like wings; on the East and West, there are six courtyards in the dormitory. In front of the hall, there is a half acre square pond, a tree Pavilion in the middle, and a stone bridge. There is a rockery behind the hall. The three peaks are towering green, just like a small Huayue. The gate was originally opened to the south, and then changed to the West Lane. Three years later, Wang Daoheng, the new minister of government, built a "Heaven Pavilion" in the academy to worship Confucius. So far, the academy has begun to take shape. In 1733, the Qing government allocated 1000 liang of silver to Guanzhong academy as a subsidy. Qianlong 21 years (1756), the Imperial Academy "Qinchuan Yude" plaque. In 1771, when governor Bi Yuan took office, he thought that "changing customs and changing customs, educating people first" and attached great importance to school education, so he rebuilt Guanzhong academy, invited Dai Zuqi, a Jinshi from Jiangning, to Shaanxi to preside over Guanzhong academy, and selected a group of outstanding students to study in the Academy. In the regulation of Guanzhong academy, there are one mountain head, who is employed by Futai to take charge of educational affairs; one prison head, who is in charge of common affairs; two Zhai heads, who represent the students, assist in the management of the Academy. The courses include classics, history, books and collections, and the examinations include poetry, ancient prose, CI, eight part essay, game theory, and miscellaneous works. The official examination is conducted once a month, and is conducted by senior officials every month. In addition, there will be two or three classroom tests each month, which will be conducted by Mr. Shan. In 1903, the governor of Shaanxi province raised Guanzhong academy to Shaanxi Normal School.

geographical position

From the south of Xi'an bell tower to the east of the south gate, there is the ancient culture street of Shuyuan gate. There is a tall archway with full ancient charm at the entrance of the street. On the top of the archway are the three golden characters of Shuyuan gate, and on both sides are the eye-catching couplets of "the forest of Steles collects national treasures, and the Shuyuan cultivates talents". On both sides of the street are antique buildings, and the road surface is paved with bluestone.

Historical evolution

Guanzhong academy is located in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. In the 37th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1609), Wang keshou and Li Tianlin were political envoys, Du Yingzhan and min Hongxue were political envoys, and Chen Ning and Duan Youxian were Deputy envoys. Feng Congwu, Minister of the Ministry of industry, gave lectures and built anrenfang in the southeast of the government. Feng Congwu, a Confucianist of the Ming Dynasty, originally taught in Baoqing temple in the southeast of the city. Because the temple was too narrow to accommodate, Wang and others specially built this academy to give lectures. There are six couplets in the lecture hall, four in the left and right rooms, six in the East and West rooms, four in the two doors, two in the gate, and pavilions, pools, bridges and pavilions. Feng has been lecturing here for nearly 10 years. There are more than 5000 scholars in all walks of life. He made the "association agreement" and "association agreement of Guanzhong scholar bureaucrats", and wrote the "records of Guanzhong academy". In 1625, Wei Zhongxian destroyed Tianxia Academy. In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), it was rebuilt, and Feng's disciples took charge of it. In 1664, the governor Jia Hanfu called on Ye Chengyi of Xi'an Prefecture and Huang Jiading of Xianning county to expand a memorial archway with one gate and one couplet. In the East, there is Dongyi as the main lecture residence, in the west, there is Xipu, in the north, there are two gates and three gates with three couplets each. The plaque is inscribed "carry on the past and open up the future". In the middle, there are five couplets in Jingyi hall, and there are daotong ancestral hall to worship Huangdi and Yandi, and the left and right halls to worship famous officials of Zhengxue and Lixue. In the 12th year, governor Eshan renovated and hired Li Shu to give lectures, advocating free lecturing. At the beginning of Li's lecture on the stage, there were many "virtuous gentry and virtuous people, scholars and scholars, who served around the stage and listened to thousands of people". Even governor Eshan and governor Axi of Shaanxi also came to listen. This is the revival of Guanzhong academy after Feng Congwu's lecture. After he taught Guanzhong academy, Li Shu first formulated 10 rules and 8 academic programs for the Academy, which clearly stipulated the time, etiquette, order, method, content, purpose of lecturing in the Academy, as well as the daily required learning courses for the students, and stressed that the Academy took "lecturing" as its purpose. He believes that "to build up a person is all about giving lectures; to change customs is all about giving lectures; to turn chaos back to governance is all about giving lectures; to turn the world around is all about giving lectures." In the style of study, Li Shu clearly advocated the implementation of "clear style and application". Students are required to be both literate and martial arts, and to read widely, "up to Tianguan, public places, as well as rites, music, soldiers, agriculture, Caotun, elections, calendars, soldiers and classics.". For this reason, he opened two kinds of bibliographies for students, namely "explicit" and "applicable". In the Ming Dynasty, the bibliography includes Wang Ji's Longxi collection, Luo rufang's Jinxi collection, Yang Jian's Cihu collection and Chen Xianzhang's Baisha collection. After that, the works of Cheng and Zhu scholars, such as Er Cheng, Zhu Xi, Xue Xun, Wu Yubi, and Feng Congwu, were listed. In the first category, there are more than ten kinds of books, such as Da Xue Yan Yi, general examination of documents, Shi Zheng Lu, Wu Bei Zhi, agricultural administration Quanshu, Taixi water law, etc. At the same time, he also asked the students to "practice demonstration" to achieve the goal of "opening things up, helping the masses". It is hoped that the students will learn how to "use the military", because it is not difficult to use the military according to the law of governing the world. Scholars only know how to read and know nothing about the military, which leads to the national humiliation. Yongzheng 11 years (1733) grant money silver 1000 Liang, built as the provincial capital Academy. In 1756, Emperor Qianlong granted the plaque of "Qinchuan Yude". In the 36th year, governor Bi Yuan rebuilt it, and Wang Zuqi, a scholar of Yanjin, gave a lecture. "Within a few years, most of the candidates who won the Guanzhong rural examination were scholars of the Academy.". In 1873, Tan Zhonglin, the governor of Tongzhi, wrote five pieces of the Academy curriculum: "emphasizing practice, distinguishing classics and righteousness, checking historical events, communicating current affairs, and strict curriculum." In 1881, governor Feng Yuji set up a Zhi Xue Zhai in the east of the courtyard, purchased books and increased plaster. There are daily notes on the lectures of the students in hospital. In the early years of Yue Dynasty, Huang Pengnian, a military envoy, and Zeng he, a political envoy, set up a zhaishe and acquired books to present to the Academy. During the examination, poetry, ancient Chinese words, eight part essay, strategy theory and miscellaneous works are used. Once a month, the official class is awarded to the students of super grade and special grade, but there is no reward for the students of first grade or below; the class is held 2-3 times a month, and the dean is in charge of it. Students with super and special grades can get plaster without reward, and those with first grade or below can get plaster without reward. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), the governor was promoted and changed to a two-level Normal School of excellent and complete subjects.

Rise and fall of the past dynasties

There is also a legendary story about the rise and fall of Guanzhong Academy. At the end of Ming Dynasty, there was a famous scholar Feng Congwu in Xi'an, who was a minister of the Ministry of industry. He wrote a letter criticizing the emperor for indulging in wine and sex and neglecting the imperial government. He said that he was angry with the emperor, so he left the imperial court and returned to his hometown. In his hometown, he devoted himself to the study of the manager and gave lectures in Baoqing temple. In 1609, Wang keshou, the highest executive of Shaanxi Province, and others "joined hands to talk" in Baoqing temple, and thousands of people came to listen to the lectures The "xiaoxiyuan" in the east of the temple was changed into "Guanzhong academy" for Feng Congwu and other scholars to give lectures. The architecture of the academy is large-scale. There are six lecture halls in the middle, which are called "Yunzhi hall", four rooms in the south, and six rooms in the East and West. There are rockeries behind the lecture hall, "three peaks towering green" and "like a small Huayue"

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