city square

Square is the "eye" of a city, and square culture is the "window" reflecting the soul of a city. In recent years, with the steady and rapid economic and social development of Tongling City, the urbanization rate is close to 60%. A number of beautiful and well arranged city squares have been built one after another, providing important places for citizens' leisure and entertainment. It is an important task of propaganda and cultural work to meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the masses and let advanced culture occupy the new position of city square. In order to organize and guide the citizens to make full use of the city square to carry out healthy and upward cultural and entertainment activities, after full investigation and argumentation, and after adopting various opinions and suggestions, a series of activities of "Fangge Tongdu" Cultural Square came into being in our city in April 2007. The theme of the activity is to welcome the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, to publicize the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, to welcome the Beijing Olympic Games, to promote the construction of a civilized city and the major events of the city's economic and social development in recent years. It takes the square as the carrier, and takes variety shows, special concerts, concerts, cultural and folk performances as the main art forms. In order to organize and coordinate this work, Tongling City has specially set up the Organizing Committee of "singing Tongdu" Cultural Square activity, which is led by the Publicity Department of the municipal Party committee, and undertaken by more than 20 municipal Party committee systems including culture, radio and television, Party Working Committee of municipal organs, and Federation of trade unions in turn. Urban construction, city appearance, landscape architecture, public security and other departments work together to organize at least one activity around different themes every month. Since April last year, nine large-scale and influential square cultural activities have been held successively, which have received good social effects, and gradually formed the operation mode of public performance organization, which is led by the Party committee and government, widely participated by the masses from all walks of life, and actively supported by enterprises and institutions. Now it has become a beautiful landscape of our city's propaganda and cultural activities, and has effectively promoted the city's mass cultural activities The vigorous development of the movement.

city square

Ancient Greek city square, such as the central square of Punan City, is a place for citizens to carry out religious, commercial and political activities. The central square of the city built in ancient Rome was used as a market and public meeting place at the beginning. Later, it was also used as a place for announcement, trial, celebration and so on. It usually concentrated a large number of religious and commemorative buildings. In the center of the turajan square in Rome, there is a bronze statue of the turajan emperor on horseback. In the courtyard behind basilica (rectangular Hall) on the side of the square, there stands a 43 meter high turajan Memorial column with a bronze statue of the emperor on the top to show off the majesty of the imperial power. After Europe entered the feudal period in the 5th century, the city life centered on religious activities, and the square became the vestibule of church and city hall. The Piazza del capo in Siena, Italy, is an example.

In order to meet the needs of a variety of urban social life, it is a node type urban outdoor public activity space with a certain theme and scale, which is surrounded by buildings, roads, mountains and rivers, terrain, and composed of a variety of soft and hard landscapes, using pedestrian means of transportation.

Historical evolution

During the Renaissance of Europe from the 15th to the 16th century, due to the increase of public activities and the prosperity of Ideological and cultural fields, a number of famous city squares appeared, such as St. Peter's Square and cabido's Square in Rome. The latter is a municipal square, which is located on the cappido mountain of Rome, overlooking the whole city. It is a symbol of Rome. Venice city's St. Mark's square style elegant, perfect and harmonious spatial layout, known as the "living room of Europe.". Concorde square and Nancy square in Paris of France from 17th to 18th century are the representative works of that time.

In the late 19th century, with the development of industry, the rapid increase of population and motor vehicles in the city, the nature and function of the city square changed. Many old squares have become traffic squares, such as the star square and Concorde square in Paris. The emergence of modern urban planning theory and modern architecture, the increase of traffic speed, caused the change of the spatial organization and scale concept of city square, produced a new spatial layout form like Brasilia Sanquan square.

There was no public square in ancient Chinese cities. There is only a vestibule in front of the temple, and some have a stage for public activities such as temple fairs. In addition, many small towns also have markets for commercial activities and distribution squares at docks and bridgeheads. The vestibule in front of the government office is not for public activities. On the contrary, it requires them to be quiet and avoid. This is more prominent in the planning and layout of ancient capitals. For example, there are palace squares in front of the palace or the Imperial City, but they are not open. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beijing set up a T-shaped Palace Square with both horizontal and vertical streets (today's anmen Square). On both sides of the vertical square, there are Qianbu corridor and central government offices. There are heavy doors at the entrances on three sides of the square. It is forbidden for citizens to enter, which shows the atmosphere of the Forbidden Palace.

type

According to the main function, use and location of the square in the urban transportation system, it can be divided into assembly and procession square (including citizen square, memorial square, life square, culture square, Recreation Square), transportation square, commercial square, etc. But this kind of classification is relative. In reality, each type of square has some functions of other types of square more or less

Memorial square

For buildings of great memorial significance, such as statues, monuments, memorial halls, etc., landscaping is arranged in or around the vestibule for the masses to look forward to, commemorate or carry out traditional education, such as Nanjing Zhongshan Mausoleum square. The design should be combined with the terrain to make the main building prominent, proportional and solemn. St. Peter's Square in Rome is a famous Memorial square.

Commercial Plaza

For commercial activities, it is generally located in prosperous commercial areas. Commercial buildings, theaters and other service facilities can be arranged around the square; sometimes the commercial square is combined with the Pedestrian Commercial Street. The market trade square in the town also belongs to the commercial square.

Famous square

tian'anmen square

Tiananmen Square is located in the center of Beijing. It is 880 meters long from north to South and 500 meters wide from east to west. It covers an area of 440000 square meters and can accommodate 1 million people to hold a grand gathering. It is the second largest city square in the world.

Tiananmen Square records the indomitable revolutionary spirit and fearless heroism of Beijing people. The May 4th movement, the January 29 movement and the May 20 movement all left a strong color for the history of modern Chinese revolution here. After the founding of new China, Tiananmen Square was widened and a monument to the people's heroes was built in the center of the square. Later, the Great Hall of the people was built in the west of the square, the Chinese Revolution Museum and the Chinese history museum were built in the East, and the Chairman Mao memorial hall was built in the south.

Tiananmen tower is located at the north end of the square. Tiananmen Gate was built in 1417, the 15th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. It was originally named chengtianmen, and was rebuilt in 1651. There are five gates and nine towers, 33.7 meters high. On the base of more than 2000 square meters of exquisitely carved white and Han jade Xumi, there are red and white piers and abutments more than 10 meters high, on which is the resplendent Tiananmen tower. Under the tower is the sparkling Jinshui River, on which there are five exquisite carved white marble Jinshui bridges. In front of the tower, two pairs of vigorous stone lions and elegant Chinese watches are skillfully combined to make Tiananmen a perfect masterpiece of architectural art.

On October 1, 1949, Chairman Mao Zedong announced the founding of the people's Republic of China on the Tiananmen Square and raised the first five-star red flag. Since then, Tiananmen tower has become a symbol of new China, and its solemn image is an important part of China's national emblem.

Red Square in Moscow Russia

Red Square is a famous square in the center of Moscow, the capital of Russia. It is located in the center of Moscow and adjacent to the Kremlin in the southwest. It used to be a place where mass rallies and military parades were held on important festivals in the former Soviet Union. It was set up at the end of the 15th century and took its present name in the latter half of the 17th century. It is a rectangular plane with an area of about 4 hectares. To the west is the Kremlin, to the north is the National Museum of history, to the East is the department store, and to the south is the Basilica. Near the Moscow river. Lenin's mausoleum is located in the middle of the palace wall. On both sides of the tomb are viewing platforms.

The international popularity of Red Square is far greater than that of Tiananmen Square, but it is not as big as expected. It covers an area of 91000 square meters, only about one fifth of Tiananmen Square. The ground is very unique. It is all paved with stones, which is ancient and sacred. Red Square is the witness of Moscow's history and the pride of Moscow people.

The ground of Red Square is very unique. It is all paved with stones. On the west side of red square are the red walls and three towers of Lenin's tomb and the Kremlin. Between Lenin's tomb and the red walls of the Kremlin, there are 12 tombstones, including those of Stalin, Brezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko, dzerzhinsky and other former Soviet politicians. On the south side of Red Square is the most classic symbol of Moscow's Basilica; on the north side is the National Museum of history, which was built in 1873 and is also a landmark of Moscow. There are also statues of World War II hero Marshal Zhukov and tombs of unknown martyrs built to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the victory of World War II nearby. To the East is one of the ten famous department stores in the world.

Public activity square

Generally, it is a political square, which should have a large space for mass meetings, processions, festival celebrations and other activities. It is usually set up in the central area with trunk roads, which is convenient for traffic concentration and evacuation. Its scale and layout depend on the nature of the city, the number of assembly and processions, and the flow of vehicles and people

Chinese PinYin : Cheng Shi Guang Chang