Dongzhai National Nature Reserve

Dongzhai National Nature Reserve is located at the northern foot of Dabie Mountain, the junction of Henan and Hubei provinces, and the southernmost tip of Luoshan County, 32km away from Xinyang City. In June 2001, Dongzhai National Nature Reserve was established with the approval of the State Council, with a total area of 46800 hectares. It is a multi-functional and comprehensive nature reserve integrating nature protection, eco-tourism, bird watching, scientific investigation, teaching practice, leisure and entertainment, and summer recuperation. Dongzhai nature reserve is known as "Bird Paradise". Dongzhai has a large number of birds, which are rare in the same latitude or longitude reserve. Bird species account for 79% of Henan Province and 20% of the whole country. Among them, there are 39 national key protected birds and 95 species listed in the Sino Japanese migratory bird protection agreement. The population density of white crowned long tailed pheasant is the highest in China. Dongzhai is a good place for bird watching. When you watch birds in Dongzhai, any surprise can happen. One day, you can see 60 or 70 kinds of birds, up to 80 or 90 kinds. Dongzhai nature reserve receives hundreds of birdwatchers from all over the country every year. Many colleges and universities such as Beijing Normal University and he normal university take Dongzhai as a fixed teaching practice base. After decades of scientific research, the reserve has achieved 25 achievements at the municipal level. At present, the reserve has built the largest artificial breeding base of white crowned pheasant in China, a complete variety of bird specimen museum and an artificial nest for attracting and hanging beneficial birds, which has become another beautiful scenic spot for Ecotourism in the reserve.

Dongzhai National Nature Reserve

Dongzhai National Nature Reserve is located in the northern foot of Dabie Mountain at the junction of Henan and Hubei provinces, 32km away from Xinyang City. In June 2001, Dongzhai National Nature Reserve was established with the approval of the State Council, with a total area of 46800 hectares. There are 1879 species of plants, 37 species of mammals, 44 species of amphibians and reptiles, and 237 species of birds in the area, including 39 species of birds under national key protection, and 95 species listed in the Sino Japanese migratory bird protection agreement. It is known as "Bird Paradise" and a collection of nature protection, eco-tourism and bird outlook It is a multi-functional and comprehensive nature reserve integrating sightseeing, scientific investigation, teaching practice, recreation and recuperation.

Historical evolution

Its predecessor was the state-owned Luoshan Dongzhai Forest Farm established in 1955, with an operating area of 4438.6hm 2.

In June 1982, the people's Government of Henan Province approved the establishment of Dongzhai bird provincial nature reserve.

In February 1992, it was identified by WWF as an area of national and global significance (A-level priority protection area).

In July 1993, it was listed as the priority ecosystem region in the north subtropical region of China's biodiversity conservation action plan;

In June 2001, the State Council approved the establishment of a national nature reserve with a total area of 46800 hm2.

From 2004 to 2006, Dongzhai National Nature Reserve was approved as the artificial breeding and wild release place for Crested Ibis, a rare bird in the world, by experts organized by the State Forestry Administration.

In 2005, it was awarded as "National Wildlife Protection popular science education base" and "advanced unit of ecological moral education for minors".

In October 2006, it was awarded the national demonstration nature reserve.

geographical environment

Location context

Dongzhai National Nature Reserve is located in segang town (now Lingshan Town), Luoshan County, Xinyang City, 32km away from Xinyang City, upstream of Huaihe River and north foot of Dabie Mountain. It is between 114 ° 18 '- 114 ° 30' e and 31 ° 28 '- 32 ° 09' n. In June 2001, it was established with the approval of the State Council, covering a total area of 46800 hectares.

In geographical location, it has the uniqueness of the transition zone from the second step to the third step.

climate

The Nature Reserve belongs to the transition area from the north subtropical zone to the warm temperate zone. The climate is warm and humid with four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 15.1 ℃ and the annual precipitation is 1200 mm.

natural resources

The total area of Dongzhai nature reserve is 720000 mu, including 451928 mu of forest land, accounting for 62% of the total area, and 268072 mu of non forest land, accounting for 38% of the total area. Among the forest land, there are 449300 mu of forest land, accounting for 99% of the forest land area, and 1262800 mu of open forest land, accounting for 1% of the forest land area. Among the forested areas, China has 68383 mu of forest, accounting for 15% of the forested area; collective forest 389.17 mu, accounting for 85% of the forested area; among the forested areas, natural secondary forest 7200 mu, accounting for 16% of the forested area; artificial forest 3773 mu, accounting for 84% of the forested area. The forest coverage rate of the reserve is 62%, and the forest volume is 604700 cubic meters.

Protected objects

Botany

Vascular plants belong to 175 families, 784 genera and 1879 species, pteridophytes belong to 29 families, 64 genera and 142 species, gymnosperms belong to 6 families, 11 genera and 21 species, angiosperms belong to 140 families, 709 genera and 1716 species. They are 88% of the total families, 68.7% of the total genera and 47.2% of the total species. The rare and endangered protected plants are leptocarpus angustifolia, Cymbidium sinense, Melastoma odoratum, Magnolia amurensis, zingiberensis zingiberensis, Cinnamomum cassia, Phoebe, Illicium verum, red bean tree, wild soybean, Pterocarpus tatarinowii, purple stem, Codonopsis pilosula, Gastrodia elata, etc.

animal

There are 304 species of birds belonging to 17 orders and 58 families. Among them, 80 species are resident birds, accounting for 26.32% of the total, 75 species are summer migrants, accounting for 24.67% of the total, 55 species are winter migrants, accounting for 18.09% of the total, 72 species are travelers, accounting for 23.68% of the total, and 22 species are stray birds and newly recorded birds, accounting for 7.24% of the total. There are 3 species of national class I protected birds and 46 species of national class II protected birds. There are 123 species of Palaearctic realm, accounting for 40.46% of the total bird species, 95 species of Oriental realm, accounting for 31.25%, and 86 species of widespread species, accounting for 28.29%.

There are many kinds of Rhododendron, Falcon and curly tail in summer, and most of them are geese and ducks in winter. The white crowned long tailed pheasant is a national second-class protected bird. Because of its endangered degree, it has been nominated as the bird of Henan Province by experts. It is an important protected object in the reserve, with wide distribution and large number. According to the survey, there are about 1200 white crowned pheasants in the reserve, and the population density ranks first in China.

There are 37 species of mammals, belonging to 6 orders, 16 families and 31 genera, with north-south floristic elements: among them, 19 species (51.4%) belong to Oriental realm, and 18 species (48.6%) belong to Palaearctic realm. Mammals are one of the main elements of forest ecosystem. The most common are leopard cat, muntjac, wild boar, grass rabbit, weasel, rock squirrel, etc. Rare are leopard, green Wolf, etc.

The common amphibians are Rana rugulosa, Rana marmorata, Rana rugulosa, Bufo bufo gargarizans subsp. Chinensis, salamander orientalis, etc. among them, Rana rugulosa is a national key protected animal. The reptiles include yellow rimmed closed shell turtle, soft shelled turtle, gecko, grass lizard, Golden Snake, black browed snake, green snake, Agkistrodon halys and swimming snake.

There are more than 700 species of insects in 99 families of 12 orders listed in the catalogue. Most of the specimens have not been identified and need to be further studied. Among them, the big purple nymphal butterfly and Labrador are the second class protected animals.

Tourism information

scenic spot

There are 6 major scenic spots, 72 caves and 108 scenic spots, which are famous at home and abroad for their "beautiful mountains, ancient temples, strange rocks, secluded caves, beautiful water and beautiful things". Lingshan temple, located at the foot of Lingshan mountain, is one of the four ancient temples in Central China. Buddhism has a long history and profound cultural connotation. For thousands of years, it has been known as the "three wonders of Lingshan" in the religious circle for its "temple door opening to the East, monks and nuns sharing the temple, and hair cultivation". Lingshan, Jigong Mountain and Nanwan Lake constitute the "Golden Triangle" of Xinyang tourism, and Lingshan has become a hot spot of tourism in Henan, Hubei and Anhui.

Traffic routes

Beijing Guangzhou Railway: Xinyang Station - Xinyun group station (or take a taxi) - 200M to the east of the exit of segang Expressway - Nature Reserve Administration Bureau (Trident)

Beijing Zhuhai expressway: 200m east of segang exit - administration of the nature reserve (Trident crossing) Shanghai Shaanxi Expressway: South of Luoshan exit (Kaiwu Road) - west of zhoudang toll station (Xinye Road) - administration of segang Nature Reserve (Trident crossing)

312 National Highway: Luoshan xinluoxi Road South to zhoudang toll station west (Xinye Road) - segang Nature Reserve Administration Bureau (trigeminal Road)

Wuhan Tianhe Airport: Beijing Zhuhai Expressway -- 200 meters east of the exit of segang -- Administration Bureau of the nature reserve (Trident)

Scientific research value

The scientific research and protection work of Dongzhai Nature Reserve started early, and began to check and study the basic resources in the 1950s and 1960s. Due to the limitation of science and technology and research methods at that time, these studies were limited to the qualitative stage of resource characterization. Although it is only a survey of basic resources, it has achieved fruitful results. Three books have been published, including preliminary observation on the ecological habits of insect eating and beneficial birds, investigation on birds in Luoshan forest farm, preliminary investigation on pine caterpillars, and forest birds and ecological balance

Chinese PinYin : Dong Zhai Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu