Changchun Garden

Changchun Garden

Changchun Garden, located in the east of Yuanmingyuan, was built around 1745 (the 10th year of Qianlong). The former site of ziyiyuan, the Pearl of Kangxi University, has a good garden foundation. Two years later, the landscape of Zhongxi road in the garden was basically formed. In 1751 (the 16th year of Qianlong), the general manager of the garden was officially set up. Later, Qianyuan was built in the west, and xibulou scenic spot was built in the north. From 1766 to 1772 (from the 31st to the 37th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong), it was added intensively

East Road scenery. Covering an area of more than 70 hectares, there are about 20 gardens and architectural landscape groups, including the Lion Forest in Suzhou, Ruyuan in Nanjing Zhanyuan and xiaoyoutian garden in Hangzhou West Lake.

history

The landscape of Changchun Garden in the past was only painted a large Panorama by the court painters during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. After the British and French forces burned the garden in 1860, their whereabouts were unknown.

Since December 1992, the mountain shaped water system of Changchun Garden has been renovated in an all-round way. By May 1994, it was completed and discharged.

Changchun Garden is not a simple expansion and internal construction of Yuanmingyuan, but a new garden with an area of about 1000 mu is built on the east side of Yuanmingyuan. Different from the Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden is a well planned and designed work, which is a masterpiece of the Qianlong emperor. After the completion of 40 pictures of Yuanmingyuan, Emperor Qianlong's enthusiasm for architecture temporarily subsided. However, less than a year later, his enthusiasm for gardening flourished again. This time, according to Emperor Qianlong himself, he wanted to build a banquet house for himself after abdication, although he was only a 34 year old young man at this time. Therefore, self-care and leisure has become the biggest theme of Changchun Garden. It can be said that Changchun Garden was an activity center for the elderly built by Emperor Qianlong himself.

Changchun Garden was built in 1745 and basically formed in 1751. It took about six years, and then it was built again and again. Finally, it became a perfect garden combining Chinese and western. Compared with Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden is a water landscape garden worthy of its name. The water area accounts for two-thirds of the whole garden area, and the width of the water area is about one or two hundred meters. It is suitable for viewing the scenery around. In terms of overall layout, Changchun Garden is also more reasonable. The islands, bridges, islands and embankments used to divide the water surface are well arranged, with a modern catchphrase: "people-oriented" design ideas and feelings are displayed everywhere.

From palace gate to Palace

The front gate of Changchun Garden is five Ying wide. On the white marble pedestal on both sides of the gate are two huge bronze unicorns. There is a row of courtrooms on each side of the palace gate. When you enter the courtyard, you pass a archway. The first building group you see is called Danhuai hall. The main building of Danhuai hall is nine Bay, and there are five auxiliary halls in the East and West. To the north of danhuaitang, there is the Nanchang river. Through the ten hole stone bridge across the Nanchang River, the 40 meter long Changchun bridge, you can reach the largest island in Changchun Garden, central island.

Central island is the central area of Changchun Garden. On this artificial island with an area of more than 100 mu, from the south to the north, there are three buildings, namely, hanjingtang, chunhuaxuan and yunzhenzhai. Hanjing hall is a huge compound building. It is said that it is the place where Emperor Qianlong intended to tranquilize his mind, chant scriptures and worship Buddhism after he returned to power. It can also be seen as another luxurious palace built by Emperor Qianlong for himself. Behind Hanjing hall is Chunhua Xuan, which is named after Chunhua Pavilion calligraphy inlaid on both sides of veranda. It is the favorite place of Qianlong, a calligrapher and calligraphy connoisseur. In his poem titled Chunhua Xuan, he once described his vision of life after returning to politics: "although there is no time to caress the calligraphy, it is fate to turn the book. In the future, I'll be tired and diligent, and I'll be looking forward to it for 20 years. " The northernmost building on the central island is yunzhenzhai. On both sides of the main buildings of Hanjing hall, Chunhua Xuan and Yunzhen Zhai, there are two groups of auxiliary buildings. In the East are shenxinmiaoyuan, Weiyu library and grand stage; in the West are Hanguang room, sanyouxuan, Lixin building and incense burning building. Among them, Weiyu bookstore is famous for its condensed version of Siku Quanshu Huiyao, which contains Siku Quanshu. Emperor Qianlong boasted in his poem about Weiyu bookstore: "Jingshi Jingyu, who really tastes." His pride is beyond expression.

On the East and west sides of the central island of Changchun Garden, there are two symmetrical islands. On the west side of the island, siyongzhai is built; on the east side of the island, yulinglong hall is built. The two islands and the buildings on the island are opposite to each other in the East and West, and the satellite like arch around the central island adds a bit of magnificence and dignity to the central island.

The most spectacular building complex in Changchun park is Haiyue Kaijin in the West Lake of the park. Haiyue Kaijin is located in the open lake on the west side of central island. There are docks on all sides, which can travel by boat. The main hall is three stories high, built on a double-layer stone foundation, with large lotus flowers planted in the surrounding waters. In terms of vision, Haiyue Kaijin is the champion of Changchun Garden. On the west side of Haiyue Kaijin, passing a pavilion called liuxiangzhu, it is close to the gate of Mingchun gate, which separates Yuanmingyuan Garden from Changchun Garden. At that time, the emperors and empresses mostly came and went between Yuanmingyuan and Changchun Garden through Mingchun gate.

Main attractions

The outer ring scenic area of Changchun Garden is quite commendable. Many of the buildings were imitated after Emperor Qianlong's southern tour. In the south of the outer ring of Changchun Garden are Ruyuan and Xiyuan; in the north are zhuanxiangfan, zelantang, Baoxiang temple, fahui temple and Shizilin. There is an intriguing story about the construction of these "gardens in the garden", which we will describe in detail in the following chapters.

There are many other buildings in Changchun Garden, many of which were imitated by Qianlong when he visited Jiangnan many times. Qianlong visited many famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. He always brought craftsmen and artists, who were responsible for imitating the garden buildings loved by Emperor Qianlong, and planned to rebuild them in Changchun Garden. In fact, Qianlong often asked landscape designers to imitate Jiangnan gardens as much as possible. Finally, at least five complete Jiangnan gardens were imitated in Changchun Garden.

Located in the southeast corner of Changchun Garden, Ruyuan was built according to the style of Nanjing Zhanyuan. This garden has unique rockery and earth rock, which is bigger than the original one in Zhanyuan. The beautiful scenery of Ruyuan is located in the East. The large pond in it divides the palace in the north and the pavilion in the south. In the east of the pond, a seven meter high man-made hill rises. There are pavilions on both sides of the foot of the hill and on the top of the steps. On one side of the steps, you can see Changchun Garden. On the other side, you can see the countryside scenery outside the south wall. Under the steps are hundreds of precious peonies of different colors. In the west of the pond, there are many stone rockeries and caves. At the top of the rockery, a Qing Yao Pavilion is built, facing Hanbi building. Behind a hexagonal pavilion, you can see the green Pavilion. To the north of the Qing Yao Pavilion is the Yanqing Pavilion, which is seven Ying wide. To the west of the pavilion is the hancui Pavilion. Looking north from the balcony of the hall, you can see the lakes and hills 600 meters away. Therefore, although the small garden is isolated in a large area, it further makes good use of the skill of "borrowing scenery".

Western style building

In the north of Changchun Garden is the famous western building, which is a group of European style palace buildings, covering an area of about 67000 square meters. The designers are missionaries Lang shining, Wang Zhicheng, Jiang Youren and others. This is the first large-scale imitation of Western architecture and gardens in China's royal palace. It was first built in 1747 and completed in 1759. It includes six groups of western style buildings, three groups of fountains and numerous courtyard pieces. The whole scenic area is arranged along the east-west axis. From east to west, it is lined with FA wall, Fang River, Xian FA mountain, Yuan Ying Temple (central axis), Hai Yan Tang, Fang Wai FA, Xie Qi Qu, Yang que cage, water storage building, Wanhua array, Da Shui Fa, Guan Shui Fa and other fountains. Its architecture, environment and style adopt baroque style, while the decorative details have oriental charm.

From west to East, the main buildings in the West Building scenic area are as follows:

Water storage building, second floor. Supply water for Haiyantang and yuanyingguan fountain. The building is five Ying wide, with three Ying platforms in the north and a pond inside. The northeast corner of the second floor is connected to the well below, and a water rolling machine is installed to supply water for the fountains of xieqiqi, huanghuazhen and shuifatai.

To the south of the water storage building is the line method bridge, to the west is the west wall of Changchun Garden, and to the other side is the water. There are five tickets on the bridge. Each ticket is engraved with animal face and sprayed with water. There are five gates under the bridge to connect Changchun Garden and Yuanmingyuan. In the middle of the bridge, there is a false door of Western clock type and a huge Western clock on it. Both sides of the false door are blocked with carved flower walls. Outside the wall is a corridor, and inside the west wall are Yuanmingyuan square pot scenic spot and Ruizhu palace scenic spot.

The east of the water storage building is the square. In the square is the Shuifa terrace (Western style stone fountain tower), surrounded by carved copper bars, the cross Yong road is plastered with fine bricks, and the flower beds are made of five colored stones on both sides. In the north of the square is the yellow flower array, and in the south is the harmony.

The yellow flower array, or labyrinth, has been rebuilt. The gate of huanghuazhen garden is bell shaped with two brass carved patterns. In the center of the labyrinth is a stone pavilion with western style seats. There are two stone lions in front of the pavilion, carrying a treasure bottle with copper tubes inside. The water is more than two Zhang high. There are three western style buildings in the north of huanghuazhen.

It is the earliest western style building in Changchun Garden. It has two floors, the top of the veranda, purple round glazed tiles and blue glazed grass on the roof. There are three rooms on the upper floor and seven rooms on the lower floor. There are western style furniture and bedrooms in the building, and wooden parquet and waxed floors. The columns are made of white marble

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Chun Yuan