Ziwu Road

Ziwu Road

Ziwu Road, also known as Ziwu plank road. In ancient China, especially in the Han and Tang Dynasties, it was an important passage from Chang'an to Hanzhong, Bashu and other places in the south. It is named because it passes through the Ziwu Valley and the section of road from the southbound of Chang'an is heading north-south. There have been repairs and line changes throughout the ages. In the Eastern Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, it once became a national post road.

Although it has been a post road for a short time, its traffic function continues. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, when transporting materials from Sichuan and Hanzhong to Xianyang or Chang'an in Kyoto, they mostly took Baoxie road and old road, but not Ziwu road. After Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, sent Zhang Liang to burn Ziwu plank road in Hanzhong, Wang Mang ordered to build Ziwu road and set up Ziwu pass in the fifth year of the first year of emperor Ping. Since then, Ziwu road was often used as a channel for the regime based in Guanzhong to attack Hanzhong, Ankang, Sichuan and Hubei. It was also often used as a channel for the regime based in the south to attack Chang'an in the north.

Road opening

Ziwu Dao appeared before Qin and Han Dynasties. In 207 B.C. (the third year of the second Qin Dynasty), Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, was forced to go to Nanzheng to take the Ziwu road when he was forced to take the throne. The records of Gaozu in historical records "from Dunan to erosion". "Shi Ji Ji Jie" said: "erosion, into the Hanzhong Valley Road name." Du is Du County of Qin Dynasty, and Du City in the south of Xi'an city. That is, from the south of Du county to the Qinling Mountains and to Hanzhong. The stone inscription "Ode to Shimen" in the Eastern Han Dynasty records that "Gaozu was ordered to prosper in Hanzhong, and the road was from Ziwu", that is, when Liu Bangnan went to Hanzhong, he took Ziwu road. Mianshui also refers to the plank road burned off by Zhang Liang on the way to Hanzhong to escort Liu Bang to the "Pavilion" on Ziwu road at the source of pool water.

However, as an official road, Ziwu road should be opened from the fifth year of the first year of Pingdi to the first year of ruziyingju in the Western Han Dynasty. From 5 to 6 A.D. According to the records of Hanshu in the Twenty-Four Histories. According to the biography of Wang Mang in the book of Han Dynasty: "in the autumn of the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the empress mang had a son and grandson Rui, who connected Ziwu road. Ziwu road goes straight from duling to Nanshan and to Hanzhong. " "Zizhitongjian · Hanji · emperor Xiaoping" is also very consistent: "in the first five years of the Yuan Dynasty, empress mangyi had a son, sun Rui, who was connected to Ziwu road. From duling to Nanshan, it goes to Hanzhong. " There is another record in the biography of Wang Mang in the book of Han Dynasty: "in December of the first year of residence, empress mang Bai issued an imperial edict, saying," so although the Supreme Master Guangqian Hongzhi, the efficacy has been listed. Taibaoshun, Dasi Kongfeng, light truck General Han and infantry general Jian were all for the purpose of luring into Shanyu's stratagem. They were also for Lingtai, Mingtang, Biyong and Sijiao. They established the system and opened Ziwu road. They shared the same mind with Zaiheng to say (Yue) virtue, and they made great contributions. Kuang, the son of Shun, was granted the title of Tongxin Marquis, Wang Lin was granted the title of shuodehou, guangsun Shou was granted the title of Congyi Marquis, and sun Kuang was granted the title of Bingli Marquis, benefiting three thousand households in Han and Jian In the imperial edict, taishiguang is the prime minister Kong Guang, taibaoshun is Wang Mang's subordinate brother, Wang Shun, Anyang Marquis, and dasikongfeng is Guangyang Marquis Zhenfeng. It can be seen from this imperial edict that Ziwu road had been opened in the Yuan Dynasty, and the opening of Ziwu road was an important national event, which was equivalent to "inducing into Shan Yu's plan, canonizing Lingtai, Mingtang, Biyong, Sijiao, and establishing the system".

The names of Ziwu road and Ziwu valley are generally believed to be related to the south-north direction of the river valley and the section of road from the southbound of Chang'an. In ancient times, it was called Ziwu road in the north and Wuwu road in the south. However, as far as the whole line of Ziwu road is concerned, it is not due south or North, but from Chang'an to the main ridge of Qinling Mountains, it turns southwest slightly, then turns southeast to northwest, and the last section basically turns east-west.

But according to Hanshu and Zizhitongjian, "the empress of mangyi has sisun Rui and Ziwu road.". It shows that tongziwu road has a great relationship with the empress's son Rui. Because the queen had a son and grandson, so she got through Ziwu road. "At the age of 14, there was the way of women. Zi Shui is also called Wu Huo. Water takes Tian Yi as the female, while fire takes di er as the female. Therefore, fire is the water imperial concubine. Today, it passes through Zi Wu to assist it. "

Development history

Ziwu road was opened up in the late Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty. According to the records of Fang Yu, Xiang Yu granted Peigong the title of king of Han Dynasty, and his capital was Nanzheng. The kingdom of the king of Han Dynasty, from Dunan into the erosion (L ì), to burn off the plank road. That's it (Meridian Road)

Wang Sheng of the Eastern Han Dynasty said in his ode to Shimen: "Gaozu was ordered to prosper in Hanzhong, and the way was from Ziwu.". At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the Chu and Han Dynasties fought against each other, and Liu Bang was forced to go to Hanzhong to fight for the throne of the Han Dynasty. However, in the following 200 years, this road was not mentioned in historical documents, and geing has not yet been opened as a post road. In the autumn of the fifth year of the first reign of emperor Ping in the late Western Han Dynasty (AD 5), "after Wang Mang (that is, Wang Mang's daughter), there was a son and grandson Rui, who connected Ziwu road.". Since Wang Mang dredged it and turned it into a post road, the name of Ziwu road appeared.

Ziwu road from Chang'an straight south into Ziwu Valley, across the Qinling Mountains to Hanzhong, Ankang and Bashu. The name of Ziwu Valley and Ziwu road is related to the south-north direction of the valley and the section of Road starting from the southbound of Chang'an. In ancient times, it was called Ziwu road in the north and Wuwu road in the south. However, the whole line of Ziwu road is not due south or North, but from Chang'an to Qinling watershed, it turns southwest, then turns southeast to northwest, and finally turns east-west.

During the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, the direction of Ziwu Road started from the Han Chang'an City in the northwest suburb of Xi'an, passed through Ducheng village in the south suburb, and reached Ziwu valley mouth near Ziwu town in Chang'an County. It went up the valley for more than 20 Li, reached tuliang, the watershed between Ziwu Valley and the East tributary of Fengyu, and went down the Fengshui river valley near aiziping along the Fengshui tributary. Along the valley, it reached Guanshi (ziwuguan, also known as Shi) From Guanshi to Shangyuan of Xunhe, a tributary of Hanjiang River, it passes through gaoguanchang (called Gaoguan in Qing Dynasty) to Jiangkou Town, passes through shaping street and Daxigou in the south, turns yueheliang to yueheping, and goes up yaozhugou after crossing Yuehe River in the south. It enters Chihe (also called Zhishui or Chishui) basin, another tributary of Hanjiang River near gusangdun. Following the Henan pool, the Wutong dam, the East Rouge dam, the new mine, the Dragon King Street and the iron stove town enter the Shiquan County, and pass through the town of the phoenix county, the Phoenix Temple, the stone Buddha Temple, the chopsticks shop, the post camp and other places to the pool town. The town is folded up from the northwest of the town, the mlling pass, the nine Li thirteen Bay on the north side of the Hanjiang River, the Shipu mill, the Yao wan to the Shiquan County town, and from the Shiquan County town to the northwest, through the ancient weir. Raofeng street, turn west to Raofeng ridge, follow niuyang River to Ziwu town of Xixiang County, cross Ziwu River to Yangxian County, go northwest around Dawan bend of Huangjin gorge of Hanjiang River, pass Jinshui Town, Youshui Town, Longting and other places to enter Hanjiang plain, pass Yangxian county and Chenggu County to Hanzhong.

After the Western Jin Dynasty, the northern section of Ziwu road to the north of Qinling Mountains and the southern section of Ziwu road to the west of Ziwu town of Xixiang County remained the same. The trend of the middle section of Ziwu road from the south of Qinling Mountains to Ziwu town of Xixiang County changed. From Jiangkou Town of Ningshan county to the southwest, it goes back to the Lengshui River Valley to Guandi temple, then turns south, crosses jigongliang to qiligoukou, and enters the Yuehe River Valley. Along the valley, it goes up xunyangba, over Pingheliang, and into Chang'an River Valley. It goes down the valley, through Huoditang, xiyaolingguan, Ningshan old city, Guankou (now Ningshan county) and Tangping, and into Shiquan County. It goes through qingcaoguan, Zhalong Longya, Yanping and Liangping Hekou to Ziwu Town, Xixiang County. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, there was no great change in the direction of Ziwu Road, only partial adjustment. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, the zigzag route from the southwest of Lianghekou to Ziwu town and then to the northwest to Jinshui town was changed to the new and old route of Ziwu road. Lianghekou directly went west to Jinshui town via fanzipo, xiangzishan, tumenya and Tiemenguan.

After Ziwu road was changed into a new line in Jin Dynasty, the old line was not abandoned. The new line to Hanzhong is nearer than the old line, but the old line to Hanyin and Ankang is nearer than the new line. The "litchi road" opened up in Tianbao period of Tang Dynasty uses the new line of Ziwu road to the north of Ziwu town in Xixiang County, and to the south, it goes through Xixiang and Zhenba to Fuling (Fuling, Sichuan), which becomes another shortcut from Qin to Shu after Jinniu Road.

Ziwu road has a total length of more than 1000 Li, among which more than 80% of the valley road passes through the mountains. The road is rugged and there are few residents along the road. There was no administrative unit at the county level along the road in the Han Dynasty. There was only one Shiquan County in the Western Jin Dynasty (30 Li southeast of today's Shiquan County, near Machi Town), and there was only one Shiquan County in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, there are many difficulties in material supply and security, resulting in the low utilization rate of this road. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the traffic between Xianyang or Chang'an, southern Shaanxi and Sichuan was mostly along the Baoxie road or the old road rather than Ziwu Road, and its use mostly involved military activities. For example, in 244 A.D., the fifth year of Wei Zhengshi in the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Shuang, the great general of Wei, led more than 100000 troops to attack Shu. His troops marched from Luogu and Ziwu road. In the fourth year of Wei Jingyuan (263 AD), Wei general Zhong Hui led 100000 troops to attack Shu from xiegu, Luogu and Ziwu valley. At the end of Ming Dynasty, sun chuanting, governor of Shaanxi Province, ordered he Renlong and other leaders to attack the peasant uprising army of Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong from Ziwu Road South. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi once sent Tuhai and other troops to attack Wu Sangui rebels who occupied Hanzhong by Ziwu road. In history, Ziwu road was opened as a national post road twice. First, in the early years of emperor an of the Eastern Han Dynasty, because of the uprising of the Qiang people in Gansu and Qinghai, they occupied the northern part of Sichuan and the western part of Southern Shaanxi, and the Baoxie road was cut off from the old road, so Ziwu road replaced the two roads mentioned above as a national post road. Second, Ziwu road was opened as a post road in the early Tang Dynasty. Especially in the Tianbao period, Ziwu road extended through Xixiang, Zhenba and Fuzhou“ Litchi road.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Ziwu road was still the main road for business travel from Chang'an to Yangzhou and Jinzhou, "the road for business travel from Ziwu road to Yangzhou in Chengping" (continued Zizhi Tongjian). In the Southern Song Dynasty,

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