Halahai wetland

Halahai wetland is located in the northwest of Songnen Plain, the south foot of Daxinganling and the northwest of Longjiang County, with a total area of 300 square kilometers and a core water area of 30 square kilometers. It is the only original wetland with lakes in China. The most valuable discovery of the wetland lies in its rare primitive nature in the world, and its large area of wetland has not been developed or polluted. Its good primitive naturalness is also rare in the world. Except for a few seasonal fishermen in the wetland, the silence of the ancient wilderness has never been broken. There are a large area of grassland, semi desert and woodland around the wetland, and there is little human destruction. There are 242 species of birds in the wetland, including 42 species of rare and endangered birds such as Red Crowned Crane and swan, with a total number of more than one million. Wetland is also rich in other animal and plant resources, such as mammals such as wolves and foxes. Accommodation: Nanyang Hotel, Longjiang County accommodation, catering, service address: No.23 tongqi street, Longjiang Town transportation: if you are from other provinces, you only need to take the train to Qiqihar, from Qiqihar you can take the train or car to Longjiang County, there are many cars, most of the time, and then you can take a taxi from longjiang to Halahai, but it is relatively expensive, at most Food: after the Spring Festival, a family in the village killed a pig, and the back and legs are all good things. How to eat the remaining fat in the water? Now there's the pig killing dish: the blood sausage made of pickled sauerkraut and the raw material of fat meat. To eat big fat meat can not be greasy, to cut into pieces, put into the pot boiled oil, and then with sauerkraut, sausage stew together. When the pig slaughtering dish reaches the city, the restaurants in the city add more processes and use enough materials.

Halahai wetland

Halahai wetland is located in the northwest of Heilongjiang Province, on the western edge of Songnen Plain, 15 km from Halahai farm of Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation 93 Administration Bureau. Qiqihar City in the East, Gannan County in the north and Longjiang County in the West and south.

The terrain of Halahai wetland reserve is irregular heart-shaped, 18.2 km long from north to south, 13.9 km wide from east to west, and 55.4 km long, with a total area of 16564 hectares. Among them, the core area is 5853 hectares, accounting for 35.34% of the total area of the reserve; the buffer area is 5383 hectares, accounting for 32.50% of the total area of the reserve; the experimental area is 5328 hectares, accounting for 32.17% of the total area of the reserve.

In 2007, Halahai wetland was upgraded to provincial nature reserve, and Halahai farm was awarded "national ecological demonstration area" by the State Environmental Protection Bureau.

Overview of wetlands

Halahai wetland is located in the northwest of Songnen Plain, the south foot of Daxinganling and the northwest of Longjiang County, Heilongjiang Province, with a total area of 300 square kilometers and a core water area of 30 square kilometers.

The wetland is the only original wetland with lakes in China, with reeds, fish, birds and lakes. The most valuable discovery of the wetland lies in its rare primitive nature in the world, and its large area of wetland has not been developed or polluted. Its good primitive naturalness is also rare in the world. Except for a few seasonal fishermen in the wetland, the silence of the ancient wilderness has never been broken. There are a large area of grassland, semi desert and woodland around the wetland, and there is little human destruction.

Halahai wetland has been listed in the world wetland list with its "integrity and original style". There are 431 species of higher plants belonging to 235 genera and 81 families, including 408 species of seed plants belonging to 218 genera and 66 families. There is a national protected plant, namely wild soybean.

There are 307 species of vertebrates in the reserve, including 242 species of birds in the wetland, including 42 species of national rare and endangered birds such as Red Crowned Crane and swan, with a total number of more than one million. Wetland is also rich in other animal and plant resources, such as mammals such as wolves and foxes.

Historical development

Halahai wetland is a wetland with special significance in the eyes of wetland conservationists in Heilongjiang Province. In just a few years, it has experienced a thought-provoking and thought-provoking process from being discovered to being developed to being destroyed and then to being protected.

Rare wetland discovered

For tens of thousands of years, the Hara sea has been sleeping. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it became a military horse farm under the Joint Service Department of Shenyang Military Region. It is for this reason that Halahai wetland has escaped the "hardship of development" and is lucky to survive.

In early March 1999, Professor Ye Ping of Harbin Institute of technology, who was conducting an ecological investigation in the local area, accidentally discovered the Halahai wetland, and made relevant reports through the media. According to the relevant people who saw the Halahai wetland at that time, the Halahai wetland was still frozen at that time. The endless "ice lake" was shining brightly in the sun. Due to the clear water, all kinds of plants frozen under the ice were clearly visible. Due to the long-term inaccessibility, the wetland has incomparable primitive nature in other places, which not only has environmental protection value, but also has important research value.

In the eyes of experts and scholars, Halahai was a rare treasure at that time, and everyone was glad to find it. According to statistics, there are ten large and small lake bubbles distributed in this wetland, which store water all year round. It is a small shallow lake bubble and a large area of swamp. There are more than 400 species of higher plants and abundant animal resources, including more than 500 species of invertebrates and 339 species of vertebrates, including 53 species of fish, 6 species of amphibians, 8 species of reptiles, 242 species of birds and 30 species of mammals. Among the birds, there are 7 species of national first-class protected birds, 35 species of national second-class protected birds, and 50 species of provincial key protected birds. At that time, this wetland was considered to be the most complete and primitive wetland ecosystem in northern China, integrating naturalness, typicality, rarity and diversity.

The main protected objects of Halahai wetland are inland wetland and its rare waterfowl species and species genes. This area is one of the only typical wetland distribution areas in Songnen Plain, which plays an important role in biodiversity protection, ecosystem protection and sustainable development.

In order to better protect this wetland, on June 10, 1999, relevant experts held a scientific investigation and demonstration meeting of Halahai wetland. At the meeting, experts confirmed that Halahai wetland is the only original natural heritage in the same latitude area of the world, and should immediately apply to the relevant state departments for the establishment of Halahai nature reserve. However, when all this went well, the disaster of Halahai wetland came.

The wetland suffered from destructive reclamation

On June 28, 1999, the 18th day after the expert demonstration meeting, the large-scale development of Halahai farm began. Halahai naval racecourse and a company in Hong Kong jointly develop Halahai wetland and plant rice. The development area is more than 36 million square meters and the joint development period is 30 years.

Although the project was approved by the relevant authorities at that time, it did not go through any environmental assessment and supervision. When experts actively called for the establishment of a nature reserve in Halahai, the developer reclaimed it in advance before the approval of the relevant departments.

According to the relevant media reports at that time, in order to dry the water in the wetland before freezing, the developers took the measures of working overtime and stopping people and machines. In this way, they built a 15 km long and 8 m wide road in the core area of the wetland, and excavated more than 10 drainage channels with a bottom width of 5 m and a depth of 2 m along both sides of the road to connect to a bottom width of 24 M, The main drainage channel with a depth of 4.5 meters (2 meters above ground) will finally discharge the water from the wetland to Nenjiang River. They plan to invest 200 million yuan in this development. According to an article published in the Journal of natural science of Heilongjiang University at the end of 2001, the developed area of Halahai wetland has accounted for 40% of the wetland core area and more than 60% of the swamp area. At that time, some experts said that if the development continued, the Halahai wetland would completely disappear within three years.

As for such a tragic situation, Professor Ye Ping said in an interview with reporters: "if I had known this, I would have preferred not to find this wetland, then people would not know how precious it is, and they would not have destroyed it so quickly. In that case, the local people will benefit from the wetland for a few more years. "

Li Xiaomin, an associate professor of Northeast Forestry University, made a special trip to Halahai wetland in 2000 to observe birds. According to his survey report, the number of birds in this area decreased significantly. Birds are most sensitive to changes in the environment. Li Xiaomin believes that the Halahai wetland has suffered great damage to the local environment due to man-made development.

After the destruction of Halahai wetland, the ecological environment around the wetland will inevitably be affected. The groundwater level around the wetland has dropped by 3 to 6 meters, but several townships, which used to be in good weather, have been affected year after year. People say that the microclimate here is gone. However, due to the special geographical form, experts generally believe that as long as the Halahai wetland can restore its water storage function, its wetland characteristics can be restored.

"Battle" of Halahai wetland

With the destructive development of the Halahai wetland, experts, scholars, news media and the media have made great progress

Chinese PinYin : Ha La Hai Shi Di