Dingcun residence

Dingcun residence is located in Dingcun, four kilometers south of Xiangfen county. Ding village has preserved more than 20 courtyards and 33 courtyards built in Ming and Qing Dynasties from 1593 to Xianfeng, reflecting the pattern of villages in northern China in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is divided into three building groups: North, middle and south. Most of the courtyards face south, and the gate of Ming Dynasty is in the southeast corner. Most of the courtyards are built with a main hall, a hall, a gate and a wing, all of which are of masonry and wood structure. There are figures, flowers, birds, animals, classical operas, historical stories and other wood carvings and brick and stone carvings on the building components, which are excellent works of residential buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Dingcun folk custom museum displays nearly ten thousand cultural relics in some of its courtyards. Some folk customs in southern Shanxi during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are painted into folk paintings or models, which are displayed in the Ming and Qing Dynasty dwellings with historical and artistic value. When you enter Dingcun folk custom museum, the first thing you see is the xuandelang archway standing in front of the first courtyard. After donating and buying an official position of "thirty tongs", Ding Xilian boasted that his ancestors were named "xuandelang" by Emperor Qianlong and "Guangzong" based on "Yaozu", showing off his new achievements to the villagers in his hometown. The red couplet on the gate of the first courtyard, the word "Dou Da" on the screen wall, and a string of firecrackers and incense burners in the courtyard are well displayed, forming a strong folk festival atmosphere. The courtyard is divided into 10 exhibition rooms, displaying the folk customs of the past dynasties in southern Shanxi. Among them, there are Laba, sacrificial kitchen, Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival, Qixi, Mid Autumn Festival and other programs. The custom of the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month (commonly known as Laba) is very striking: in order to celebrate the harvest, farmers use eight kinds of rice beans, walnut kernel, red dates and so on to make porridge, named Laba porridge. Other custom activities such as preparing food, making new clothes, greeting relatives and friends, offering sacrifices to ancestors, celebrating the new year, etc. are even more amusing. They can make visitors have all kinds of interesting associations: on the first day of the first lunar month, at dawn, the whole family, old and young, wearing new clothes, setting off firecrackers, congratulating the new year In the courtyard where young men and women are bustling and chatting, the folk custom of welcoming marriage since the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China is mainly displayed. A series of wedding rituals, such as matchmaking, betrothal, exchanging, lottery, greeting, paying homage, entering the bridal chamber and giving a wedding banquet, can be seen here. Here, people face the eye-catching "Twelve genera and elephants together" and talk about the scenes of joys and sorrows in marriage directed by it, so they can realize the superiority of marriage autonomy. Here tourists can hold weddings according to this etiquette. Men in official sedan chair, women in flower sedan chair, men with golden hat, women with fengguanxiachu, hand in cups and change cups, drink wedding wine and take photos. In southern Shanxi, other rituals and customs in people's life, such as giving birth to boys and girls, full moon, one year old, private school education, birthday congratulations, serving parents and so on, all have traditional customs. The folk custom here is honest, the old people are weak or sick, the children cook medicine and soup, serve carefully, ask about the cold and warm, and show filial piety; once they are bedridden, the children wait day and night, do not take off at night, sleep uneasy pillow, and do their best to treat and comfort. These traditional virtues will leave a deep impression on visitors. In the courtyard built in 1771, there are many folk arts and crafts, such as embroidery, paper cutting, carving, wood painting, as well as dance, opera, shadow play, puppet and so on. Visitors can watch, operate and choose. In addition, the exhibition rooms of folk painting and calligraphy, folk mirrors, civil porcelain and production tools will also have a great attraction for tourists. Dingcun folk custom museum is a window to understand the customs of the Han nationality. It will stimulate the innovation enthusiasm of contemporary people and the sentiment of loving their hometown. It will enable tourists from all over the world to broaden their cultural horizons and deepen their understanding of Chinese traditional culture.

Dingcun residence

synonym

Dingcun residence generally refers to Dingcun residence

Dingcun residence, located in the East Bank of Fenhe River, 4 km south of Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province, is a typical residential complex of Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are 33 Ming and Qing residential buildings and 498 houses in the village, accounting for most of the area of the village, which is basically the original layout of Ding Village in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Dingcun residential buildings are different in layout and sculpture. Most of the buildings have the year title and craftsman's name, which is an important example to study the layout and architectural form of villages in northern China. In 1988, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

The origin of the name

Ding village residence, named after Ding family. According to research, Dingcun houses were first built in the 21st year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, and the latest in the Republic of China, which lasted nearly 400 years. More than 40 of them have been listed in the national key cultural relics protection.

Distribution characteristics

The residential group is distributed in Northeast southwest direction, which is divided into four groups: Beiyuan, Zhongyuan, Nanyuan and Xiyuan.

Because of the development of the clan, the time difference reflected in the location of the courtyard group is particularly obvious. The four groups are led by Guanyintang, a Ming Dynasty building in the center of the village, with T-shaped street as the longitude and latitude, and located in the north, South and West.

The layout of these houses is reasonable, the architectural style is exquisite, the transverse path is curved, the courtyard is connected, and the connection is ingenious. They are different in the architectural style of the times.

The north courtyard is mainly built in the Ming Dynasty, the middle courtyard is mostly built in the Qing Dynasty, and the South courtyard is mainly built in the Daoxian Dynasty. The northwest courtyard was built in the Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties. The outstanding feature of these buildings is that they pay attention to decoration. In all parts of the buildings, there are mostly wood, stone and brick carvings, especially wood carvings.

Relief decoration

On the Dou Gong, que Ti, Bo Feng board, hurdle, lintel, window lattice, shadow wall and plaque, there are everywhere ornamented with carvings. Even on the plinth, step stone and small gate pier, they are beautifully decorated.

The various relief, yin and Yang sculptures, figures, birds and animals, flowers and plants, and still life, as well as single, group and serial sculptures are all ingenious. All the sculptures, such as Sima Guang's Dagang and the fight between Snipes and mussels, which reflect folk stories, the traditional opera "going to the party alone", which shows loyalty and filial piety, the auspicious dragon and Phoenix, the deer and crane's spring, the five blessings are near the door, and the picture of longevity, which encourages people's will, and the folk custom "making a fire in the society", are well composed It is exquisite and exquisite, adding beauty and brilliance to the ancient buildings.

Architectural significance

As a typical example of the Han nationality quadrangle architecture in northern China, Dingcun residence has a long history span, unique construction, different styles, and multiple values.

The layout and practicability of residential buildings are relatively complete, which reflects the psychology, hobbies, beliefs, customs and sentiments of the Han nationality in southern Shanxi. It is a precious specimen for the study of traditional architectural customs. From the perspective of architectural art, it adopts the advantages of many families and meets the requirements of a local land and water.

Wood carving, brick carving and stone carving are shown in the architectural components, which are more than catchy, exquisite and generous, and rich in content. From life to etiquette, it has profound meaning; from opera to social fire, it is simple and elegant; from folk custom to family management, it is a precious "living fossil" of ancient Chinese folk custom.

Well preserved

Dingcun residence has a history of 400 years, so it is very valuable to preserve it. There may be three reasons: first, Ding village is located in the Fenhe River Valley, with hills running through, inconvenient transportation and relatively closed, so there are few wars and banditry, and no one was burned down even during the Anti Japanese war.

Second, in order to maintain the rule of the feudal family, the Ding family had a special way in the way of property inheritance, occupation and distribution, that is, the "angle adjustment and housing allocation law". It can only be occupied, not dismantled. Third, when the "four old" was broken in the "Cultural Revolution", Dingcun people strictly protected their ancestral property. Except for a small part of it, the rest were well preserved.

As a typical example of the Han nationality quadrangle architecture in northern China, Dingcun residence has a long history span, unique construction, different styles, and multiple values. The layout and practicability of residential buildings are relatively complete, which reflects the psychology, hobbies, beliefs, customs and sentiments of the Han nationality in southern Shanxi. It is a precious specimen for the study of traditional architectural customs. From the perspective of architectural art, it adopts the advantages of many families and meets the requirements of a local land and water. Wood carving, brick carving and stone carving are shown in the architectural components, which are more than catchy, exquisite and generous, and rich in content.

Chinese and simple

From life to etiquette, the meaning is profound; from opera to social fire, it is simple and elegant; from folk custom to family management, it is elegant and generous.

In order to carry forward the national traditional culture, in 1985, the State Administration of cultural relics and the Shanxi Provincial Bureau of cultural relics successively set up the first folk custom museum here to reflect the folk customs of the Han nationality in China, and took the folk house as one of the venues and contents of the folk custom Museum.

It not only reflects the honest folk customs of the Yellow River Basin, but also shows the profound traditional culture of our country. It is an important material to observe the ancient and prove the present, and to find out the ancient from the present. At the same time, it is also the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people.

Residential courtyard

The residential layout consists of three courtyards in the north, the middle and the south, with 13 courtyards in the north, 11 courtyards in the middle and 9 courtyards in the south. Seven of them were built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573-1620). Some of them were repaired and expanded in the Qing Dynasty. There are 26 buildings built in Qing Dynasty, among which, during the reign of Kangxi (1662-1722)

Chinese PinYin : Ding Cun Min Ju