Hometown of Ercheng

Cheng's hometown is the former residence of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi are two famous philosophers and thinkers in the Northern Song Dynasty and the founders of Neo Confucianism in the song and Ming Dynasties. During the reign of emperor Yushun, Zhaofeng became the "hometown of two Cheng.". In Cheng village, the hometown of Er Cheng, there is Er Cheng temple, with a total area of 4392 square meters and a three section courtyard.

Hometown of Liang Cheng

synonym

The hometown of Cheng generally refers to the hometown of Cheng

The hometown of Liang Cheng is a national key cultural relic protection unit (Ⅲ - 330),

Located in Cheng village, Tianhu Town, Song County, Luoyang, Henan Province, about 70 kilometers away from Luoyang, it is the place where Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, two acting scholars of the Song Dynasty, wrote and lectured.

Shifang, the hometown of Liangcheng, is located 1 km to the east of Chengcun village. It was built in 1462 A.D. in the sixth year of Tianshun, Yingzong of Ming Dynasty. It was written with "imperial edict" and "hometown of Liangcheng".

evolution

In 1082, Cheng Yi wanted to give a lecture in Longmen, Luoyang, so he wrote to Wen Yanbo, who was left behind in Xijing at that time. Wen Yanbo gave Cheng Yi his location in Xiaozhuang, Minggao town in the south of yique, together with ten hectares of grain and land. From then on, there was the famous Yigao academy, which is now located in Minggao town of Yichuan County. At that time, Minggao town was under the jurisdiction of Song County. Since then, Cheng Yi spent most of his time traveling between Luoyang and Minggao, but Minggao was only 10 kilometers away from Cheng village.

In 1103 ad, song Huizong engraved the so-called crime stele of Sima Guang and others as a record, standing in Duanli gate, which is called Yuanyou Party member stele. Cheng Yi was included in the list of Yuanyou party, and Huizong of Song Dynasty wanted to destroy his words and works. In order to avoid the persecution of the imperial court, Cheng Yi moved his family to Tian Hu Cheng village. In September 1107, Cheng Yi passed away in Cheng village. In 1085 ad, Cheng Hao died of illness at his home in ludaofang, Luoyang.

In 1220 A.D., in the 13th year of Jiading reign of emperor ningzong of Song Dynasty, Cheng Hao was granted a posthumous title as chungong and Cheng Yi as Zhenggong.

In 1241 A.D., in the first year of emperor LiZong's Chunyou reign, Cheng Hao was granted the title of Henan Bo and Cheng Yi was granted the title of Yiyang Bo, and he worshipped Confucius Temple.

In 1330 A.D., in the first year of Zhishun reign of emperor mingzong of Yuan Dynasty, Cheng Hao was granted the title of Duke of Yu and Cheng Yi the title of Duke of Luo.

In 1455 A.D., Emperor zongzhao of the Ming Dynasty granted Cheng village the hometown of Liang Cheng.

In 1462, Emperor Yingzong of the Ming dynasty built Shifang, the hometown of Liangcheng. Since then, Liangcheng's hometown has been called until now.

In the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1686 A.D.), Cheng and Cheng became scholars and sages. In the following year, Emperor Kangxi granted a plaque of "learning to reach nature" to Liangcheng temple.

In 2006, the ancient buildings from Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty were selected as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

ruins

There are two relics of Cheng's hometown, one is the stone square and the other is the ancestral temple.

Liangcheng temple is located on the roadside, with two stone lions waiting at the gate. The gate of Liangcheng temple is composed of the main gate and two side gates. The main gate is the "Lingxing gate". According to Wu Jianshe, in ancient times, it was said that the Wen star in the sky was the lattice star. The name was engraved on the forehead of the gate square, which was enough to show the respect of the two great Confucians. On the walls next to the two side doors, the words "Dao Jie Zi Yu" and "Xue Guan Lian Xi" were written respectively.

The two Cheng ancestral halls are three entrance courtyards, which are lingxingmen, chengjingmen and daoxuetang. Daoxue school is the main hall for offering sacrifices to Liangcheng. At the entrance, you can see the statues and tablets of Liangcheng, on which are hung the plaque of "Lixue Kangzong" granted by Emperor LiZong of Song Dynasty and the plaque of "XueDa Xingtian" granted by Emperor Kangxi. The plaque of "Yiluo Yuanyuan" given by Emperor Guangxu and the plaque of "xizhuyanmeng" given by Empress Dowager Cixi. Liangcheng temple is located in the north to the south. The overall layout takes the central axis as the line. The structure is rigorous and symmetrical. There are many stone tablets and ancient cypresses in the temple.

evaluate

"When Mencius Ke died, the sage's learning was not passed on. If the Tao is not good, there will be no good governance in the world; if learning is not passed on, there will be no true Confucianism for thousands of years It's a great achievement to advocate sage learning to show people, to argue against heresy, to ward off evil spirits, to open up the ancient obsession, and to make the sage's way clear after his master. "

historical background

The Neo Confucianism initiated by Cheng and Zhu was a small school of Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was inherited and developed by Zhu Xi and formed a huge theory with a relatively strict logic system. Since then, Cheng and Zhu Neo Confucianism have occupied a dominant position in the ideological field of the late feudal society of China for a long time. From the Northern Song Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, Neo Confucianism occupied a dominant position in the field of Chinese ideology for more than 700 years, which was directly related to the two dynasties.

It can make Confucianism establish its own authority again in ancient China, which shows that Liangcheng is really a genius. It is not only the favor and strong implementation of the rulers that make a theory stand above the hundred schools for a long time. If it does not have the spiritual power to conquer people's thoughts, and has no vitality and survival value of its own, it can not continue for a long time.

Industry status

In the style of study, Liang Cheng put forward the idea of "poor classics for practical use", which broke through the traditional method of Sinology, which did not dare to think independently. Of course, after Neo Confucianism was later defined as the dominant ideology, it has long restrained people's thinking, hindered the intellectual's ideological openness, and hindered the development of natural science, so its negative side can not be ignored.

The reason why Cheng and Cheng became great Confucians is not only related to their profound knowledge, but also to their life experience.

Cheng was born in a "famous family". Cheng Yu, their great ancestor, was a general under Zhao Kuangyin, who was also one of Zhao Guangyi's aides. Later, he worked as a teacher of song Zhenzong and served as a servant of the Ministry of war. After his death, he was given a gift to Shaoqing. Great grandfather was the Minister of Yu, and his grandfather was the Minister of Li. Cheng Cheng, Cheng's father, became a "suburban society zhailang" as usual under the protection of his family. He got a chance to be promoted. From then on, he started his career as a central and local official for decades. He became a Taizhong doctor. In his later years, he retired because of his old illness.

Character analysis

Cheng Hao

The age difference between Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi is only one year. Cheng Hao was born in 1032 and Cheng Yi in 1033. Cheng Hao was a smart boy. He learned to recite Confucian classics when he was young, and he was able to write poems and Fu when he was 10 years old. He was not only gifted and intelligent, but also able to study hard. In his 20s, he became a Jinshi in middle school, and later became several local officials. Because of Cheng Hao's achievements in local government, at the beginning of his accession to the throne, he was recommended by Lu Gong, the Prime Minister of imperial history, and was transferred back to the imperial court to be the crown prince zhongyun, who had the right to supervise the imperial history Lixing. At that time, in view of the difficulties at home and abroad, song Shenzong wanted to do something, and sometimes called Cheng Hao. But after listening to his advice, he thought it was not practical and was not interested. In this way, Cheng Hao wisely asked to withdraw from the imperial court and become an official, so he made a criminal prison for Jingxi road and became a judicial officer equal to the magistrate.

Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, together with Sima Guang, opposed Wang Anshi's new law politically. Therefore, in the Shenzong period when the reform was carried out, they did not get trust and importance, so they asked to retire from their posts on the grounds that their father was old and sick and needed care. After he returned to Luoyang, he and his younger brother Cheng Yi took reading and persuading learning as their daily task. After the death of Shenzong, zhezong was young, and Empress Dowager Gao was in charge. At this time, the old party figures who opposed the new law were called into power, and Cheng Hao was also called to Beijing to be the Minister of Zhongzheng temple. But before he could go on the road, he died at home and died at the age of 54.

younger brother of Cheng Hao and forerunner of Zhu Xi

Cheng Yi was "highly educated at the age of 18, but not polite." the book "on what Yan Zi likes to learn" written at the age of 18 was appreciated by Hu Yuan, the great Confucian who was in charge of the Imperial Academy at that time. He immediately passed on the story that he met him and was "in charge of learning". From then on, young Cheng Yi became famous at one stroke. Lu Xizhe, who was studying with him in the Imperial Academy, and others came to worship him as a teacher. Cheng Yi, who is so "famous", failed in the entrance examination at the age of 26. Such a setback must have hit him a lot, so he decided to abandon his official career and devoted himself to the way of Confucius and Mencius as a "Scholar" for a long time.

After the failure of Wang Anshi's political reform, Sima Guang and others took control of the political power, and Cheng Yi also had a chance to stand out and was elected as the emperor's teacher. But not long after, because he was "commenting, praising and criticizing in front of the emperor", on the one hand, he became more and more famous, and attracted many scholars to learn from him. On the other hand, some courtiers were dissatisfied with him and demanded that he be "returned to the field as a punishment". Under the pressure of this situation, he took the initiative to resign and return home. Since 1088, Cheng Yi has been divorced from political life and engaged in lecturing activities in Luoyang.

However, in 1096, when the new party came to power again, he was still regarded as a member of the "treacherous party" against the new party. He was demoted to Sichuan, and was pardoned and returned to Luoyang in 1100. In 1103 ad, he wrote books to slander the government. The emperor ordered people to examine his works and disperse his students. In this situation, Cheng Yi had to return from Luoyang to live in Cheng village, and died at home in 1107. After his death, all his friends and students who had relations with him in Luoyang did not dare to go to the funeral.

Origin of hometown

"The clouds are light, the wind is light, and the sky is near noon. At that time, people didn't know Yu Xinle, so it would be said that he was a young man who took leisure to study. " This famous ancient poem is written by a scholar in Huangpi who traveled abroad more than 900 years ago. It's this song "the chance of spring", which makes Huangpi famous all over the world. Continue to make great efforts

Chinese PinYin : Er Cheng Gu Li