Fangshan World Geopark

On September 17, 2006, UNESCO officially approved the Fangshan World Geopark in China and awarded it. The successful application of the park has added a science and technology-based World Geopark with natural landscape to Beijing, making Beijing the first capital city with "World Geopark" in the world, and the first World Geopark created by two provinces, three districts and counties in North China. The park is divided into eight parks, namely: Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site popular science area, Shihua Cave group tourism area, Shidu karst Canyon comprehensive tourism area, Shangfangshan Yunju Temple religious and cultural tourism area, Shenglian mountain tourism experience area, Baihua Mountain baicaopan ecological tourism area, Yesanpo comprehensive tourism area, Baishi mountain jumayuan peak cluster waterfall tourism area. The park integrates mountains, water, forests, caves, temples, peak forests, canyons, ancient human beings, paleontology, northern karst landforms, underground karst caves, Yanshan inland orogeny and rich cultural deposits. It is a world-wide geological heritage concentrated distribution area with great scientific significance.

Fangshan World Geopark, China

synonym

Fangshan World Geopark generally refers to China's Fangshan World Geopark

Fangshan World Geopark, located in the southwest of Beijing and the junction of Hebei Province, crosses Fangshan District of Beijing and Laishui and Laiyuan counties of Baoding City, Hebei Province.

With a total area of 1045 square kilometers, the park is divided into eight parks, namely Zhoukoudian popular science area of Peking Man ruins, Shihua Cave group tourism area, Shidu karst Canyon comprehensive tourism area, Shangfangshan Yunju Temple religious and cultural tourism area, Shenglian mountain tourism experience area, Baihua Mountain baicaopan ecological tourism area, Yesanpo comprehensive tourism area, Baishi mountain jumayuan peak cluster waterfall tourism area.

On September 17, 2006, UNESCO officially approved the Fangshan World Geopark in China and awarded it.

Historical evolution

In March 1961, Zhoukoudian and Yunju temple were approved by the State Council as national key cultural relics protection units.

In August 1982, the great wall of the Ming Dynasty was approved by Hebei provincial government as a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level.

In December 1987, Zhoukoudian was approved as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO.

In August 1988, Yesanpo was approved as a national key scenic spot by the State Council.

In February 1992, Baishi mountain was approved as a provincial scenic spot by Hebei provincial government.

In November 1992, Shangfangshan was approved as a national forest park by the Ministry of forestry.

In November 1996, Geyuan temple was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

In March 2000, Shidu was approved as a municipal scenic spot by Beijing municipal government.

In November 2001, Yunju temple and Yesanpo Baili gorge were approved as 4A tourist areas by the National Tourism Administration.

In December 2001, Shihua Cave and Baishi mountain were approved as national geoparks.

In February 2002, Shihua Cave was approved as a 4A tourist area by the National Tourism Administration.

In July 2002, Yesanpo was identified as an ecological demonstration area by China Environmental Protection Foundation, and Shidu was approved as a 3A tourist area by National Tourism Administration.

In January 2004, Shidu and Yesanpo were approved as national geoparks.

In June 2004, Shenglian mountain was approved as a municipal Geopark by Beijing Municipal Bureau of land and resources.

In November 2004, Yunju temple was approved as a municipal scenic spot by Beijing municipal government, and Yesanpo was approved as a national forest park by the State Forestry Administration.

In March 2005, Puwa was approved as a municipal nature reserve by Beijing municipal government.

On October 16, 2005, Fangshan World Geopark was officially declared to the United Nations.

On September 17, 2006, at the Second World Geopark Congress, "China Fangshan World Geopark" was officially approved and awarded by UNESCO.

On August 14, 2012, Yunju Temple scenic spot of Fangshan World Geopark was awarded the first batch of Tourism Standardization pilot units by Beijing Municipal Tourism Commission and Beijing Municipal Bureau of quality supervision.

On December 20, 2012, Beijing Fangshan World Geopark Museum and Beijing Yandu Site Museum of Western Zhou Dynasty were rated as national 3A scenic spots.

In December 2012, China Fangshan World Geopark was approved as the national science popularization education base by the National Association for science and technology.

Location context

position

China Fangshan World Geopark is located at the junction of southwest Beijing and Hebei Province. It spans Fangshan District of Beijing, Laishui county and Laiyuan County of Baoding city of Hebei Province. It is only 50-100 km away from the center of Beijing. The northwest of the park is adjacent to Zhuolu County of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. It is adjacent to Mentougou District of Beijing in the north, Daxing District of Beijing in the East, and Fengtai District of Beijing in the northeast. It is 114 km east longitude Its altitude is 26m-2161m, its east-west length is 130.80km, and its South-North width is 75.09km.

the measure of area

China Fangshan World Geopark covers a total area of 1045km2, with an integrated service center of 0.06km2; Jumahe ecological corridor of 62.13km2; Zhoukoudian Peking Man Heritage Park of 25.52km2; Shihuadong Park of 36.5km2; Shidu Park of 314.42km2; Shangfangshan yunjusi Park of 31.37km2; shenglianshan Park of 44.9km2; Baihuashan baicaopan Park of 121.27km2; Yesanpo Park of 344.83km2; Baishishan Park of 344.83km2 60km²。

geographical environment

topographic features

Fangshan World Geopark in China is located at the intersection of Taihang Mountains and Yanshan Mountains. It is a mountain and hill rising after Mesozoic Yanshan movement and Cenozoic Himalayan movement. From northwest to Southeast, there are middle mountain, low mountain, hill, hillock platform and alluvial proluvial plain, which are distributed with Valley, terrace, depression, sand dune and valley beach.

Zhongshan is mainly distributed in the northwest and central part of Fangshan District, mainly including Baihua Mountain, Maoer Mountain, Dafang mountain and Baishi mountain, among which baicaopan is the highest peak of 2161m. The peak is sharp and steep, with a slope of 50-60 degrees. The rocks are mainly composed of hard andesite, limestone, marble and granite.

The low mountains are widely distributed, which is the main geomorphic type in Fangshan area. The single side mountain is the main type of low mountains, and the Dashihe river basin is the most widely distributed; the table mountain is mainly distributed in the middle and upper reaches of Juma River, which is composed of limestone, phyllite and slate. During the long geological period, many karst caves and tower like peak clusters have been formed due to hydrothermal changes. Shidu, Zhoukoudian, Shangfangshan, Shihuadong, Bailixia and Baishishan are the most famous.

Hills and platforms are mainly distributed in low mountain areas, with a northeast zonal distribution. The slope is steep, and the valley is open and flat, with a slope of 5-20 degrees.

The alluvial plain is mainly distributed between Yongding River, Dashi River and Juma River, while the alluvial plain is mainly distributed on both sides of Dashi River, Xiaoqing River and Juma River.

soil

The soils of Fangshan World Geopark in China are mainly composed of 7 soil types, 20 sub types, 50 genera and 173 soil species, including brown soil, cinnamon soil, meadow soil, fluvo aquic soil, paddy soil, swamp soil and aeolian sandy soil. The plain is mainly composed of aeolian sandy soil, cinnamon soil, fluvo aquic soil, paddy soil and carbonate cinnamon soil, while the platform is mainly composed of cinnamon soil, calcareous cinnamon soil, carbonate cinnamon soil and leached cinnamon soil. The low mountain area is widely distributed with leached cinnamon soil and a small amount of carbonate cinnamon soil, and the middle mountain area is mainly composed of mountain brown soil and mountain meadow soil.

Climatic characteristics

Fangshan World Geopark in China is located in warm temperate semi humid and semi-arid area, with obvious continental monsoon climate. The maximum wind speed is 23m / s. Winter is long, cold and dry; in spring, the temperature increases quickly, the precipitation is less, it is easy to be dry, windy and sandy; in summer, it is hot and rainy; in autumn, the temperature drops quickly and briefly, and sometimes frost occurs. The average temperature in the park is 11.6 ℃. The temperature in the Northwest Mountain area is 2-3 ℃ higher than that in the southeast plain area. The warm period in the mountain area is 30 days longer than that in the plain area, and there is basically no hot period. The annual sunshine is 1818-2310 hours.

hydrology

The average annual rainfall of Fangshan World Geopark is 650-700mm, mainly in July, August and September. There are more than ten large rivers in the area, most of which are seasonal rivers. Among them, the second-class rivers are Juma River and Tang River, the third-class rivers are Dashi River, and the fourth-class rivers are Zhoukoudian River and nanquanshui River, with a water area of about 30km2. Juma River is a boundary river, which originates from Laiyuan County, Hebei Province. It is 46km long in Laiyuan County, 44km long in Yi County, 35km long in Yesanpo County, and 61km long in Fangshan District. The main part of the World Geopark, Fangshan Mountain River, is 41.5km long, with a mountainous drainage area of 395.4km2 and an average annual runoff of 100 million m3.

resources

Chinese PinYin : Fang Shan Shi Jie Di Zhi Gong Yuan