Kunlun Pass

This is the site of Kunlunguan battle. Located in Kunlun Mountain, it is a natural barrier to the northeast of Nanning. It has always been a place for military strategists to fight. There have been nine battles in history. The biggest and most tragic one was the "Kunlun Pass war" during the Anti Japanese war. There is a stone archway with three gates and four pillars at the foot of the mountain. On the mountain, there are cemeteries, memorial towers and stele pavilions for the soldiers killed in the Anti Japanese war. From the archway to the top of the mountain, there is a 331 level stone road.

During this period, there are Memorial inscriptions inscribed by Chiang Kai Shek, Li Zongren, Li Jishen, Bai Chongxi, Du Yuming and others, who are important military and political figures of the Kuomintang, to appreciate the style of old military aircraft. Between the memorial tower and the cemetery, there are huge censers and sacrificial platforms for tourists to worship. The scale of the site is not large. It is suggested that those who want to remember the martyrs also have more time. They can be closed together with friendship.

Kunlun Pass

Kunlun Pass is located at the junction of Binyang County and Kunlun town of Nanning City, 50 km away from Nanning City, the capital of Guangxi. It is said that Kunlun Pass in Binyang was built by Fubo General Ma Yuan in Han Dynasty, which has a history of more than 1000 years.

Binyang Kunlun Pass is the gateway and barrier of Nanning city. The terrain is dangerous, easy to defend and difficult to attack. It can be said that "one man is in charge of the pass, ten thousand men are not allowed to open it". It has been attached great importance to by military experts of all dynasties, and is a place that military experts must fight for. According to historical records, there were several large-scale battles in Kunlun Pass in Binyang, among which the most famous were the battle between Song Diqing and Nong Zhigao and the Sino Japanese Kunlun Pass war in 1939. There are three characters "Kunlun Pass" on the door, which is called "Southern natural danger".

Kunlun Pass is located at the junction of Xingning District and Binyang County, on the pass of spy mountain and lingbing mountain, about 3 km away from Kunlun town, 56 km away from the urban area and 30.50 km away from Binyang County. It is one of the ten famous passes in China, with dangerous geographical location and profound historical and cultural resources.

background knowledge

In 819, Pei Xing established Shi Lei as Guan, and built Guan City in 1035, the second year of Jingyou in Northern Song Dynasty. It has always been a place for military strategists to fight for. There have been nine battles in history. The biggest and most tragic one was the "Kunlun Pass war" during the Anti Japanese war.

On December 18, 1939, China and Japan launched a war here. The main forces of the two sides were good at fighting hard battles: the main force of the Japanese side was sakagaki's former headquarters, which had participated in the Taierzhuang campaign and was known as the "steel army" of the Fifth Division; the main force of the Chinese side was the best equipped Fifth Army of the National Revolutionary Army led by general Du Yuming at that time. With the support of the local people, the Chinese army finally recovered Kunlun Pass in Binyang after a bloody battle for more than ten days.

This was another major victory after the victory of Pingxingguan and Taierzhuang during the Anti Japanese war. After the war, people built a three door and four pillar stele square at the foot of the mountain. On the top of the mountain, there are also cemeteries, memorial towers and stele pavilions for the soldiers killed in the Anti Japanese war. From the archway to the top of the mountain, there is a 331 level stone road. Chiang Kai Shek, Li Zongren, Li Jishen, Bai Chongxi, Du Yuming and other Kuomintang military and political dignitaries have inscriptions, couplets or inscriptions to commemorate the battle. Every year before and after the Qingming Festival, many students and the masses come here to pay homage to, pay homage to and worship.

Geography and topography

Kunlun Pass is located 59 kilometers northeast of Nanning City, on the east side of Kunlun. It is a necessary pass for Yongliu (Nanning Liuzhou) and Yongwu (Nanning Wuzhou) highways. Kunlun Mountain is towering and precipitous, with deep valley, steep slope and dangerous terrain. It is a natural barrier in the northeast of Nanning. It is known as "natural danger in the South" and has always been a must for military strategists.

The mountain is mainly granite.

History has gone down

Kunlun Mountain, where Binyang Kunlun Pass is located, is known as the "Kunlun platform". It is only 300 meters above sea level. It is the remnant of Daming Mountain. The surrounding mountains are surrounded by arching mountains. The Cangfeng mountains are like the sea, stretching to each other. The middle pass is high in the north and low in the south. Kunlun Pass is just like the throat of the esophagus, guarding the fortress between the north and the south. In 1926, the Nanliu highway was opened up, and it went down the mountain. Kunlun Pass has become an important pass on the international transportation line between Guangxi and Vietnam, controlling the binyong highway. It is known as "the grand pass stands alone in the south of the town", and can be called "one man is the pass, ten thousand men are not allowed to open." It is a natural danger, so it is a place that must be contested by military strategists in the past dynasties.

The road out of Kunlun Pass, Binyang, the forest does not see the sky, the nest is low and secluded, the bird protection, the tree is old and strange, the vine entangled. (luduo of Ming Dynasty) the water in the North returned to Linpu, and the water in the South controlled Guyong. One pass leads to the bird path, and ten thousand people lock the Luofeng. (Qing Dynasty, Zhang Pengzhan)

Construction history

There is no exact historical record of when the Kunlun Pass in Binyang was built. It is said that it was built after the Qin Dynasty Wei Tu Sui conquered Lingnan. In 214 BC (the 33rd year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty), the western Ouyue people were finally defeated by Qin soldiers. Qin unified Lingnan, set up Guilin, Xiangjun and Nanhai counties in Guangxi and Guangdong, and built Binyang Kunlun Pass. The other is that it was built by Ma Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to a survey of Guangxi, Kunlun Pass is beside Yongbin Road, about 100 li away from Nanning. There's a table on the table. It is said that it was made by Ma Yuan. " Now it is impossible to determine the setting time of Kunlun Pass in Binyang, but there is no doubt that Kunlun Pass had been set up in the Qin and Han Dynasties.

(1) The rudiment of Guansai in Tang Dynasty

In 816 A.D., Huang Shaoqing, the leader of the Zhuang Nationality in Huangdong, Xiyuan Prefecture, fought against the Tang Dynasty, conquered Yongguan 18 prefectures and occupied Binyang, Binzhou and luanzhou. In the 14th year of Yuanhe, Pei Xingli, the economic envoy of Guangxi administration, was ordered to attack Huang Shaoqing and other departments. When he inspected the terrain and terrain of Binyang and Binzhou, the "leader of Yongguan", he saw the dangerous situation here, so he "repaired the soldiers and soldiers, increased the bases and closed the way" here, and built a military defense line with mutual horns that could be defended and attacked. He not only blocked the Yellow army from attacking Yongguan through Binzhou, but also marched into Binzhou from then on. This is the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the area near Kunlun Pass in Binyang, but the name of the pass has not yet been named.

(2) The name of Kunlun Pass in Binyang began to appear

In 1035, Yongzhou was still the capital of Guangnan Xidao and Yongguan. In order to protect the security of Yongzhou, an important western town in Guangnan, and to speed up the transmission of military information, the Song Dynasty set up such post passes as Kunlun Pass, Changshan post, dayangling post, Jincheng post and Guiren post in Binyang on the land route from the northeast of Yongzhou to Bianjing in Xuanhua County. This is the period when the name of Kunlun Pass in Binyang began to appear, that is, the Ding construction period of Kunlun Pass in Binyang.

(3) Binyang Kunlun Pass is famous all over the world

In the fourth year of emperor Renzong's reign of Song Dynasty (1052), nongzhigao of Guangyuan Prefecture attacked Guangzhou and returned to Guangxi. In October, he went back to Yongzhou by way of Kunlun Pass through Binzhou. He didn't mind Kunlun Pass. On the first day of December, he defeated song general Chen Shu in Jincheng post. Later, Nong Zhigao found out that emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty sent Di Qing to lead the army to the south, so he took the lead to occupy Kunlun Pass, stepped up the construction of a solid fortress, and relied on the dangerous pass to resist the song army.

(4) Wang Shouren renovates the old building

In the seventh year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty (1528), the Zhuang people of "bazhai" took up justice. Emperor Jiajing of Ming Dynasty sent Wang Shouren, a newly built uncle, to lead his troops to suppress it. Wang stationed his troops in Kunlun Pass, rebuilt the pass city, built a new pass building, and sent troops to enter "bazhai" through Binzhou and Shanglin.

(5) Reconstruction of Kunlun Pass in Binyang by King GUI of Ming Dynasty

In the second year of Yongli reign of Ming Dynasty (1648, the fifth year of Shunzhi reign of Qing Dynasty), Zhu Youlang, the king of Guangxi of Ming Dynasty (Yongli emperor), was driven into Guilin by Hao Yongzhong, the general of Ming Dynasty. He went south to Nanning and stayed in Nanning Government Office. He ordered Zhu Huan and Zhao Kanglan, the Deputy General of Ming Dynasty, to garrison Kunlun Pass and rebuild the pass city, so as to prevent the Qing army going south and protect the safety of his trip in Nanning. (the stone tablet of "Kunlun Pass in Binyang" carved by Zhu Huan and Zhao kangran survived, but now it is set on the north gate of the new pass city. )

(6) Rebuilding Guancheng and rebuilding guanlou in Xuanhua County

In 1846, Liu Jiqing, the magistrate of Xuanhua County, visited Kunlun Pass. Because the pass was dilapidated for a long time, he appropriated funds to rebuild the pass, rebuild the three pillars (two pillars and three stringers), and build a pavilion across the post road a few feet away from the south entrance of the pass. Guan upstairs, worship Di Qing, Yu Jing, sun Mian three main generals in the south. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, the people of jiutang changed to worship the statues of Guandi, Guandi Prince and Zhoucang.

A brief history of war

Kunlun Pass in Binyang, the ancient battlefield of natural danger in southern Guangxi, has been not only a traffic artery, but also a battlefield and fortress for military strategists, which has a great influence in history.

(1) The road between Song Diqing and Shangyuan is unique to Kunlun

In the first year of emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty (1049), nongzhigao of Guangyuan Prefecture fought against the Song Dynasty. He wanted to be a governor of the seven states of Yonggui, but failed. Four years (1052) occupied Yongzhou, called himself Emperor Renhui, built the "great south country", swept Luan, Heng, GUI, Xun and other nine states, surrounded Guangzhou City, Bianjing shaking. The rulers of the Song Dynasty were very frightened and sent troops for several expeditions. Because Kunlun Pass was occupied by Nong Zhigao, it had been built as a strong fortress. Moreover, there were garrison soldiers stationed on the nearby hills, and they were condescending. The song army charged many times, but they were defeated. When the whole country was in turmoil and the civil and military forces of the Manchu Dynasty were at a loss, di Qing, who had been the Deputy Secretary for less than three months, volunteered to go ahead. Song Renzong was very happy, appointed him as xuanhui South court envoy, Xuanfu jinghunan North Road, controlled Guangnan bandits, and personally hosted a farewell banquet for Diqing in chuigong hall.

At that time, the song army was defeated and the morale of the army was shaken. After receiving orders, di Qing first suggested to the emperor to stop the action of borrowing Jiaozhi soldiers and horses to assist in the war. He carried out a drastic rectification of military discipline, executed Chen Shu and other people who didn't listen to their names, and boosted the military's prestige. Then he ordered the troops to hold still, and allocated and gathered a large number of grain and grass from all over the country. When Yi Zhigao '

Chinese PinYin : Kun Lun Guan