Hoh Xil

Qinghai Kekexili National Nature Reserve

synonym

Kekexili (Nature Reserve) generally refers to Kekexili National Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province

Qinghai Kekexili National Nature Reserve is located in the west of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, with a total area of 4.5 million hectares. At the beginning of the 21st century, it is a nature reserve with well preserved primitive ecological environment in the world. It is also one of the nature reserves with the largest area, the highest altitude and the richest wildlife resources in China.

Kekexili National Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province mainly protects rare wild animals, plants and their habitats, such as Tibetan antelope, wild yak, Tibetan wild donkey and Tibetan gazelle

. In November 2014, the application for World Natural Heritage in Kekexili, Qinghai Province was launched.

At 13:00 p.m. on July 7, 2017, at the 41st World Heritage conference held in Krakow, Poland, Qinghai Hoh Xil was approved to be included in the world heritage list by the World Heritage Committee

And become the 51st World Heritage site in China.

In November 2017, Kekexili in Qinghai, Altun Mountain in Xinjiang and Qiangtang National Nature Reserve in Tibet jointly issued an announcement to prohibit all units or individuals from entering the reserve to carry out illegal crossing activities.

Historical evolution

In 1995, Qinghai provincial government listed the area as a provincial nature reserve, which was published in 1996.

In December 1997, the State Council approved and announced the area as a national nature reserve.

In September 1999, it was renamed "Qinghai Kekexili National Nature Reserve".

In April 2016, Qinghai Province held a meeting of the Standing Committee of the provincial Party committee to deploy the pilot work of Sanjiangyuan national park system, and proposed to strive to build China's Sanjiangyuan National Park within five years.

Sanjiangyuan National Park covers a total area of 123100 square kilometers, including Kekexili National Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province, and Zhaling lake, Eling Lake, Xingxinghai and other places in Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve.

geographical environment

position

Kekexili nature reserve is located in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the southwest of Qinghai Province. It is a high mountain platform across Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet. The reserve is adjacent to Tibet in the west, Golmud Tanggula Township in the south, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the north and Qinghai Tibet highway in the East, with a total area of 45000 square kilometers.

Geology and geomorphology

The terrain of Kekexili National Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province is high and high, which is controlled by the geological and geomorphic structure. The mountains, wide valleys and basins in the area are arranged in a regular belt from northwest to Southeast. From north to south, they are large, medium undulating high mountains and extremely high mountains composed of bokalektag mountain and Malan mountain Daxuefeng mountain in the eastern part of Kunlun Mountains; Le Xie Wudan Lake Kekexili Lake Zhuo mountain It is divided into three parts: Naihu and KUSAI lake high altitude lake basin zone; Kekexili mountain middle and small undulating high mountain zone; xijinwulan Lake chumar river high altitude wide valley lake basin zone; dongbule mountain Wulanwula mountain middle and small undulating high mountain zone. The central part of Kekexili nature reserve is low and gentle, while the west part is high and the east part is low. The basic landform types are medium and small undulating mountains and high altitude hills, platforms and plains, except for the large and medium undulating mountains and extremely high mountains on the north and South edges.

hydrology

Kekexili National Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province is the confluence area of Qiangtang plateau inner flow Lake area and Yangtze River North source water system.

Kekexili is divided into three water systems: the eastern part is the outflow system of the northern source of the Yangtze River, which is composed of chumar river system, and is recharged by rainwater and groundwater. The water is mainly seasonal rivers; the western and northern parts are the inner water system of dongqiangtang with the lake as the center, which is located in the northeast of the inner flow Lake area of Qiangtang plateau; the middle part of the northern part is the inner water system of Qaidam Basin, which is mainly crossed by Hongshui River Kunlun Mountain flows into Qaidam Basin.

There are 107 lakes with an area of more than 1 square kilometer and a total area of 3825 square kilometers. There are 6 lakes with an area of more than 200 square kilometers and more than 7000 lakes with an area of less than 1 square kilometer. Therefore, it is called "land of thousands of lakes". Hoh Xil has 255 glaciers with an area of 750.7 square kilometers and ice reserves of 81.6489 billion cubic meters. The reserve is located in permafrost zone. The area of permafrost accounts for more than 90% of the total area of the reserve. The thickest permafrost is 400 meters. Glaciers and permafrost are huge solid reservoirs.

soil

The soil types of Kekexili National Nature Reserve are alpine meadow soil, alpine grassland soil and alpine cold desert soil. The second is swamp soil, and the sporadic distribution is meadow soil, cracked soil, saline soil, alkaline soil and aeolian sandy soil.

climate

Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province has formed a typical alpine climate because of its high altitude, arid and cold climate. There is an obvious relative warm area in the West jinwulan Lake area. The annual average temperature is - 10.0 ℃ - 4.1 ℃, and the minimum temperature is - 46.2 ℃. The distribution trend is gradually decreasing from southeast to northwest. The coldest month is in January, and the warmest month is in July. The average annual precipitation is 173-495mm, which decreases from southeast to northwest. Precipitation is mainly concentrated in May to September, accounting for more than 90% of the annual precipitation. Due to the influence of strong westerly momentum from high altitude, Kekexili area has become one of the main wind speed areas in the whole Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the whole country. The average annual wind speed distribution gradually increases from southeast and northeast to the hinterland and West, and the contour basically presents "trumpet mouth shape". The wind speed is between 8.0 and 3.5 m / s.

Regional scope

The protected area of Kekexili National Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province is as follows: East to Qinghai Tibet highway, West to Qinghai provincial boundary, north to bokalektak mountain in Kunlun Mountains, South to tanggushan Township and Zhiduo County in Golmud City, east longitude 89.25 ° to 94.05 ° and north latitude 34.19 ° to 36.16 ° with a total area of 45000 square kilometers; the core area is between Kekexili mountain and Wulanwula mountain dongbule mountain It covers an area of 15500 square kilometers.

Protection target

Botany

There are 202 species of higher plants in Kekexili National Nature Reserve, Qinghai Province, belonging to 102 genera and 30 families. There are only a few species of woody plants, such as creeping juniper and cushion mountain ephedra. Among the more than 200 species, the endemic species of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the species from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau to the Central Asia mountains, the western Himalayas and the eastern Pamirs are dominant in the floristic composition. There are a certain amount of Arctic Alpine elements, but there are few species in temperate Asia, and few species in temperate and world, which only appear in relatively stable habitats, such as leek and eye. According to the preliminary statistics, there are 84 species endemic to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, accounting for about 40% of all the plants in the region. Among them, there are more than 8 endemic species and varieties in Hoh Xil region. There are about 50 species from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau to the high mountains of Central Asia, the West Himalayas and the East Pamirs, accounting for 35% of the total plants in the region. There are about five Arctic Alpine components.

animal

There are 30 species of mammals belonging to 20 genera, 12 families, 5 orders, and 56 species of birds belonging to 22 families, 10 orders. In addition, 2 species of Schizothorax and 4 species of loach are endemic to the plateau. There is only one species of reptile in Qinghai. It has wild yak, Tibetan antelope, wild donkey, white lipped deer, brown bear and other unique wild animals on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Hoh Xil is one of the areas rich in animal resources in China, with more than 230 kinds of wild animals.

Due to the high terrain, dry and cold climate, simple vegetation type, poor food and shelter conditions, and simple animal composition. However, except for raptors and birds of prey, ungulates have the habit of living in groups or living in groups, with a large population density and a large number.

Management measures

Management organization

The Management Bureau of Kekexili National Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province has an office, a protection management section and a planning and finance section, and set up a forest public security branch of Kekexili National Nature Reserve. It also has Wudaoliang protection station, bulengquan protection station, Tuotuohe protection station and Kunan scientific research station (including three ecological monitoring stations), with a staff of 35. Administratively, it is under the leadership of Yushu prefecture people's government, and its business operation is stable It is managed by the forestry bureau of Qinghai Province. The Forest Public Security Bureau, Wudaoliang protection station, bulengquan protection station, chumar River Protection Station, Tuotuohe protection station and zhuonaihu protection station have been built. As of 2014, the Bureau has 58 staff members, including 13 forest police officers and 22 forest administrative personnel. There are 23 temporary workers. Golmud base covers an area of 5.03 mu with 21 houses.

Management content

The rare wild animals, plants, habitats and natural landscapes of Tibetan antelope, wild yak, Tibetan wild donkey and Tibetan gazelle in Kekexili National Nature Reserve of Qinghai Province.

management

1. Publicity and education, the reserve every year in the area around the reserve and 109 National Road five

Chinese PinYin : Ke Ke Xi Li