Maoshan

When we talk about Maoshan, we all think of Maoshan Taoist. Since ancient times, Maoshan has been the holy land of Taoism and the birthplace of Shangqing sect of Taoism. It has been called "the first blessed land and the eighth cave heaven" by later generations, and enjoys the reputation of "immortal mansion of Qin and Han Dynasties, Prime Minister of Liang and Tang Dynasties". The jiuxiao Wanfu Palace on the top of Maoshan mountain is built close to the mountain. It is magnificent and majestic. The main halls in the temple include Lingguan hall, sutra collection building, Taiyuan hall, Sansheng hall, feishengtai, etc. it is the first of the "three palaces and five Outlooks" in Maoshan mountain.

But it's not only that. Maoshan's "beautiful mountains and strange caves" are always famous for its nine peaks, eighteen springs, twenty-six caves and twenty-eight pools. There are also many strange rocks scattered all over the hall. Maoshan is also the center of the Anti Japanese base area in southern Jiangsu of the New Fourth Army. Maoshan was listed by Chairman Mao as one of the six major Anti Japanese bases in China. 6、 In the 1970s, six or seven thousand Changzhou educated youth left a generation of youth and enthusiasm here.

Core scenic spots of Maoshan scenic spot: jiuxiao Wanfu palace, Yuanfu Wanning palace, Xianren cave, Huayang cave, Xike spring, Gehong Memorial Hall of chuwangjian scenic spot, Maoshan painting and Calligraphy Academy, Memorial Hall of the victory of the Anti Japanese war in southern Jiangsu, Memorial Hall of the New Fourth Army, etc.

Maoshan

Maoshan is located in Jurong City, in the southwest of Jiangsu Province. Located at the junction of Jurong and Jintan, it is about 10 kilometers long from north to South and 5 kilometers wide from east to west, covering an area of more than 50 square kilometers. The main peak, Damao peak, is 372.5 meters above sea level, the highest peak of Maoshan.

Maoshan is a famous Taoist mountain in China and the birthplace of Shangqing sect of Taoism. It is called "Shangqing zongtan" by Taoists. It has the reputation of "the first blessed land, the eighth cave". It is also one of the six mountain Anti Japanese bases in China. There are many scenic spots on the mountain, including Jiufeng, 19quan, 26dong and 28chi.

Maoshan scenic spot was listed as a provincial forest park by Jiangsu Provincial People's Government in 1986,

In the same year, Maoshan was approved as a class a scenic spot by Jiangsu provincial government.

In October 2013, Maoshan scenic spot was promoted to national 5A scenic spot, becoming the 18th National 5A scenic spot in Jiangsu Province.

Historical evolution

Name source

In Jiangsu Province, there are two Maoshan mountains. One is in the south of the Yangtze River, called nanmaoshan; the other is in Xinghua City on the North Bank of the Yangtze River, called beimaoshan.

In the Han Dynasty, in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, three brothers of the Mao family lived in seclusion here, so they built the Sanmao Taoist temple and called them Sanmao immortal, so they called this mountain Sanmao mountain. Since then, the name of gouqushan has been changed to nanmaoshan, and the name of Jiangbei sanmaoshan has been changed to beimaoshan.

During the reign of Qianlong (1616-1912) in the Qing Dynasty, Ren Dachun, a representative of Yangzhou school, who is famous for his textual research, said in the inscription of passing Maoshan that "beimaoshan is the place where sanmaozhenjun first practiced Taoism". That is to say, during the period of emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty, brothers Mao Ying, Mao Gu and Mao Zhong first practiced Taoism in beimaoshan to save the people, so they were called Maoshan. Later, they were invited to go to Qushan in the south of the Yangtze River, which led to the difference between Maoshan in the South and Maoshan in the north.

Development history

Tao Hongjing, a famous Taoist of Maoshan, once settled down to practice beside the "dragon pool" in the Tianjian period of Liang Dynasty (503-519).

From 757 to 758, Taoists of Maoshan built huohuan palace here.

The third year of Tiansheng (1025) is Yanzhen temple, and the fifth year (1027) is Tiansheng temple.

In 1098, Jiangning Fu, where he lived, began to build Yuan Fu Temple, which lasted nine years. It was built in 1106, the fifth year of Chongning of Huizong. It was granted the title of "Yuan Fu Temple" as "Wanning palace of Yuan Fu".

The Yuanfu temple was built in 1098, the fourth year of Shaosheng reign, and was completed nine years later. Huizong granted the Yuanfu Wanning palace.

During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1130), Wanning palace of Yuan Fu was destroyed by stealing fire. Soon after that, he was given the imperial edict of Emperor Gaozong to rebuild the palace.

Ningzong Jiading five years (1212), there are repair and expansion.

During the reign of emperor LiZong (1225-1264), Emperor LiZong personally granted the 38th generation master of Maoshan Taoist Shangqing sect, Jiang Zongying, to repair the "Shangqing zongtan" in the palace, and wrote the "Shangqing zongtan" stele and the three halls of Shengde, Renyou and Jingfu Wannian. In the Ming Dynasty, there were many renovations, and the chief and deputy Lingguan of Huayang cave were specially set up in the palace to strengthen the management of Taoist affairs in Maoshan Taoist temples.

During the reign of Hongzhi (1488-1505), Li Junhua of Jiangning and Chen Zhenfu of Maoshan Taoist had been restored. Later, Li Shu, the son of Li Junhua, had been restored. So far, the original scale and pattern have been basically restored. Later, after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in the late Qing Dynasty, most of the buildings in the palace were destroyed by the fire. During the Anti Japanese War, some of the only buildings in the palace were destroyed by the Japanese fire.

During the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949), there were only Lingguan hall, Sanqing hall, taiyuanbao hall, Dongxiu, Xizhai, mianzhai, Juxian Sifang Taoist temple and other buildings in Yuanfu palace. After liberation, the palace hall and Taoist temple were repeatedly funded and repaired by the local people's government.

During the ten years of the great movement, all the buildings of the palace were demolished except the wanshoutai and some Taoist houses in mianzhai Taoist courtyard.

After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, Yuan Fu Palace was gradually rebuilt and officially opened to the public in November 1988. The main buildings that have been completed and repaired include the gate of seeing stars, Lingguan hall, wanshoutai, Santianmen, Yellow Crane Tower, Dongyue tower, daoshe and Zhaitang, as well as the statue of Laojun and its ancillary works.

In the period of emperor LiZong of the Song Dynasty (1225-1264), wanshoutai (formerly known as zhangtai) was built. It was rebuilt in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522-1566), the 10th year of Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1745) and the 17th year of Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1752). During the Anti Japanese War and the ten-year great movement, Maoshan Taoist temple was damaged to varying degrees; the existing building was rebuilt in 1992 with the donation of overseas Maoshan sect disciples, such as Li Tianshi, the general altar of the fifth Hall of Maoshan sect in Malaysia.

In September 1938, the Japanese raided Maoshan and burned more than 90% of the houses in the Taoist temple. In the "Cultural Revolution", Maoshan Taoist temple was damaged again, leaving only some broken walls. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the religious policy was implemented, and the government funded the restoration of the jiuxiao Wanfu palace and the yuan fuwanning palace, collectively known as the Maoshan Taoist temple.

In September 1985, the memorial hall of the New Fourth Army in Maoshan was built. In 1998, it was rebuilt on the basis of the original site.

In September of the same year, the memorial to the victory of the Anti Japanese war in southern Jiangsu was completed.

In September 1995, a hexagonal stele pavilion was built on both sides of the monument, and another honor list was set up behind the monument, recording the list of donors and 95 Anti Japanese veteran comrades.

The New Fourth Army memorial hall of Maoshan was rebuilt on the basis of the original site in 1998. After one and a half years of intensive design, construction and layout, the whole project was officially opened to the public on March 15, 1999.

geographical environment

Location context

Maoshan is located 26 kilometers southeast of Jurong City, Jiangsu Province, at the junction of Jurong and Jintan. It is about 10 kilometers long from north to South and 5 kilometers wide from east to west, covering an area of more than 50 square kilometers.

Climate and hydrology

Maoshan is located in sanjinjiao area of the Yangtze River. It has a subtropical monsoon climate with mild climate, high temperature and rainy in summer and mild and rainy in winter. The annual average temperature is between 13 ℃ and 20 ℃. The average temperature in January is above 0 ℃. There is more precipitation in spring and summer, and less precipitation in autumn and winter. However, the precipitation in winter also accounts for more than 10% of the annual precipitation. In the meantime, there are more than 40 large, medium and small reservoirs, such as Maodong reservoir and undersea reservoir.

natural resources

Animal resources

Macaca mulatta in Maoshan is one of the primates under the national level II key protection, and it is also the only primate species distributed in the wild in Jiangsu Province. According to the information provided by the relevant departments of Maoshan scenic spot in Jurong and nearby Taoist temple residents, around 2000, a small group of about 10 macaques were released to the wild in Maoshan Yingong, Jurong. Around 2012, only 5-6 macaques were found in Maoshan area. In the past two or three years, the population of Macaca mulatta has expanded rapidly, forming a large group with more than 100 Monkeys witnessed at a single time, which can be roughly divided into 3-4 small groups, with 20-35 monkeys in each group.

plant resources

There is Jintan Maoshan forest oxygen bar in Maoshan scenic spot. Maodong state-owned forest farm in Maoshan scenic spot has a total area of 19.132 square kilometers, an ecological forest area of 15.9046 square kilometers, and a forest coverage rate of more than 90%.

Main attractions

Maoshan Taoist temple

At its peak, there were 257 monasteries with more than 5000 houses. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it suffered from war, and at the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were still "three palaces and five Outlooks". The three palaces are the Longevity Palace of Chongxi, the Wanfu palace of jiuxiao and the Wanning palace of Yuanfu. The five palaces are the view of Deyou, the view of Renyou, the view of Yuchen, the view of Baiyun and the view of Ganyuan.

During the Japanese invasion of Maoshan and the "Cultural Revolution", Maoshan Taoist temple was damaged again, leaving only some broken walls. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the religious policy was implemented, and the government funded the restoration of the jiuxiao Wanfu palace and the yuan fuwanning palace, collectively known as the Maoshan Taoist temple.

Wanning palace is located in the south of Jijin peak in Maoshan, covering an area of about 3 square meters

Chinese PinYin : Mao Shan