Litsea cubeba

Litsea cubeba

(Kaibao materia medica)

[synonym] chengqie (Xuzhou Biao nanzhouji), piling Qie (Kaibao materia medica), Bichengqie (compendium), biqie (seeking truth from materia medica).

[source] it is the fruit of Piper nigrum (Piper nigrum) or Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Piper nigrum).

[plant morphology] 1

Evergreen climbing vines, stem about 6 m long. Leaves alternate; leaf blade elliptic ovate or long ovate, apex acuminate, base rounded or obliquely cardioid, entire, both surfaces smooth and glabrous. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, in solitary spikes, ca. 10 cm long; flowers small, white, without perianth. Drupe globose, ca. 5 mm in diam., dark brown. The fruit period is from August to September.

Distributed in Indonesia, Malay Peninsula, India, West Indies and other places.

② Zanthoxylum bungeanum, also known as: Litsea cubeba, Xiangye, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, shanjiangzi, wild pepper, xiangchaizi, Xiangfen tree, fenguomu, guoshanxiang, tuchengjia, manshanxiang, muxiangzi, muzhuzipi.

Deciduous shrubs or small trees, about 5 meters high, except for the twigs and leaves with silky hair, other parts without hair. The branches and leaves are fragrant. Leaves alternate, papery, lanceolate or oblong lanceolate, 5-11 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, apex acuminate, base cuneate, upper green, lower pink green; petiole slender, 10-20 mm long. Flowers open first or at the same time, unisexual, dioecious; umbels solitary or fasciculate, involucral bracts 4, yellow white, ciliate; each inflorescence has 4-6 flowers; male flowers about 3 mm in diameter, perianth lobes 6, obovate, stamens 9, arranged in three rounds, with small oval pistillode in the center; female flowers about 2 mm in diameter, ovary ovate, style short, stigma capitate. Berry shaped drupe, globose, 4-6 mm in diameter, black. Seeds ridged. The flowering period is from February to March. The fruit period is from July to August.

It grows in shrub, sparse forest, roadside and waterside. It is distributed in the south of the Yangtze River Basin.

The root of this plant (Douchi ginger) is also used for medicine. See special section for details.

[collection] 1

When the fruit is fully grown but still green, it should be harvested, and the branches should be removed and dried in the sun. After drying, remove the fruit (each grain must be attached with a petiole).

② Chicken pepper

In autumn, when the fruit is ripe, the branches and leaves are removed and dried.

[medicinal material] 1

Immature dry drupe, upper part subglobose, 3-6 mm in diam. The surface is dark brown to brownish black, with reticular wrinkles and a small protuberant stigma vestige at the top. The basal pericarp is elongated to form a fine and straight stipe, 3-7 mm long and less than 1 mm in diameter, with longitudinal wrinkles on the surface. The exocarp and mesocarp are slightly soft, and the endocarp is thin and crisp. It contains 1 immature seed, yellowish brown, rich in oil, some shriveled and shriveled. It has strong fragrance and bitter taste.

Produced in Indonesia, Malaysia and other places.

② Chicken pepper

Also known as: Pepper (Diannan materia medica), spicy (classified herbal), Litsea cubeba, wood ginger. Mature fruit, subglobose, 3-6 mm in diameter. The outer skin is brownish black or dark brown with fine reticular wrinkles. Small persistent calyx with 6 teeth and slender fruit stalk can be seen at the base of fruit, which is easy to fall off. The exocarp and mesocarp are soft and oily, and the endocarp is thin and crisp. It contains 1 seed, 2 cotyledons, yellowish brown, rich in oil, small root, and facing the top of the fruit. It has strong aroma, slightly like ginger, slightly spicy and slightly bitter taste. It is better to have round grains, strong smell and rich oil.

It is mainly produced in Guangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui. In addition. Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian and other places are also produced. It is widely used in commercial cubeba.

[chemical constituents] the fruit of Litsea cubeba contains 10-18% volatile oil, 2.5% piperacillin, 3% resin, 1.7% piperacillin, 1.5% fatty oil, 1.8% starch, 8% gum and 7% pigment. The main components of the volatile oil were d-sabinene about 33%, d-carene and 1,4-leafin about 12%, d-terpineol 11% and l-terpinene. The fruit also contains piperolactone. It also contains Piper brain.

The content of volatile oil and fatty oil in the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is about 5% and 40% respectively. The main volatile oils were citral, methyl heptenone and a small amount of limonene and linalool. The content of unsaponifiable substance in fatty oil was 1.3%, and the content of sitosterol was 3.5%.

The leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum contain citral, 1,8-cineole, etc. The volatile oil in the leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum from western Indonesia contains 5-7% citral, 29-40% citronellal, 10-22% 1,8-cineole and 40-50% linalool. The content of linalool and linalool in the middle part of the leaves is 13-9%, while the content of linalool and linalool in the middle part of the leaves is 1-66%.

The bark of Zanthoxylum bungeanum contains alkaloids such as hexarrhizine, isocorydine, N-methyl hexarrhizine and Magnolia curculine. The bark contains citral but not citronellal.

[pharmacological action] Fructus Piper chengqie has a local stimulating effect on mucous membrane, can be absorbed, and can also play this role on urinary tract and respiratory tract mucous membrane; oral administration of its volatile oil has some antiseptic effect on urinary tract.

The action of Piper Solanum was mainly caused by Piper Solanum acid. There was no significant physiological effect of piperacillin.

The urine volume and chloride excretion of rabbits were increased by oral administration of 1 g / kg Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract, but no effect was observed by oral administration of 2 g / kg Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract.

5% aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum can kill Culex pipiens pallens larvae, and its oil or tincture of glycerin can be applied on the skin to avoid mosquitoes.

Direct observation and culture in vitro of Zanthoxylum bungeanum showed inhibitory effect on Schistosoma japonicum, but no effect in vivo.

It is similar to the excitatory effect of strychnine on spinal cord.

[processing] remove impurities, remove fruit stalks, wash and dry.

Lei Gong's treatise on frying: "after picking, remove the handle and wrinkle the eggplant, soak it in wine and steam it. When it comes out, use a fine pestle. "

[flavor] pungent, warm.

① "Haiyao Materia Medica": "taste hard, slightly warm, non-toxic. "

② Kaibao materia medica: "it is pungent, warm and non-toxic. "

③ Compendium of materia medica: "it is pungent, hot and poisonous. "

[Guijing] into the spleen and kidney.

① "Diannan Materia Medica": "entering the spleen and kidney meridians. "

② "Get to match the materia medica": "enter the sun meridian qi. "

③ "Yao Yao Fen Ji": entering the four meridians of spleen, stomach, kidney and bladder. "

Functions and indications: warm the spleen and kidney, strengthen the stomach and eliminate food. It is used to treat food accumulation, Qi distension, epigastric cold pain, nausea and vomiting, bowel sounds, diarrhea, dysentery and phlegm addiction.

① "Haiyao Materia Medica": "master the heart and abdomen pain, cholera vomiting and diarrhea, phlegm addiction air-conditioning. "

② Rihuazi materia medica: "it can cure all Qi, kidney qi and bladder cold. "

③ "Kaibao Materia Medica": "it can nourish the lower Qi and eliminate food. The skin is windy and the heart is bloated. It is edible. "

④ "Diannan Materia Medica": "drink to eat, treat cold and pain, warm waist and knee, strengthen Yang, treat impotence. "

⑤ "Compendium": "warm the spleen and stomach, stop vomiting. "

⑥ "Seeking the source of Materia Medica": "treating nausea and vomiting with black green water. "

⑦ Modern practical Chinese medicine: "treating gonorrhea. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.5-1 coin; or into pills, powder. External use: grind and rub teeth or twitch nose.

[taboo] "every source in this classic:" Yin deficiency and blood heat, fever and cough are forbidden. "

[prescription selection] 1. It is used to treat deficiency of spleen and stomach, attack of cold on heart, tingling of heart and abdomen, distension of two flanks, dizziness, drowsiness of limbs, vomiting, fever, diarrhea and fullness: one hundred and twenty-five yuan each for Piper chengqie, Alpinia officinarum, cinnamon, clove, Magnolia officinalis (stir fried with ginger juice), Platycodon grandiflorum (remove reed), tangerine peel, Sparganium (stir fried with vinegar), liquorice, and three Liang for Cyperus. It's fine. Four yuan per serving, three pieces of ginger, one cup of water, fried for seven minutes, and dregs. (bianque Xinshu, Piper chengqie powder)

② Treatment of spleen and stomach weakness, chest diaphragm is not fast, not into the diet: Piper chengqie no matter how many. For the fine end, ginger juice hit Shenqu end, boil paste for the ball, such as Tung big. 70 pills per meal, after eating ginger soup. (jishengfang, Piper chengqie pill)

③ Treatment of Jiao PI plug, Qi adverse attack, abdominal pain: half a pair of Piper chengqie, two liang of Liangjiang, Shenqu (fried), Qingpi (peeled), guangui (peeled) each one or two, half a pair of ferulic (vinegar, noodles wrapped simmered). On the end, vinegar, batter for the ball, such as Tung big. Every 20 pills, ginger soup, regardless of time. (on xuanming prescription: Piper chengqie pill)

④ Treatment of typhoid, er, er, day and night uncertain person: Piper chengqie three points, Gaoliangjiang three points. The two things are scattered. Take 2 yuan per serving, divide the water into 6 parts, fry for more than 10 minutes, add a little vinegar, stir well, mix with dross like tea, and sip hot. (Ben Cao Tu Jing)

⑤ Governance choking food does not accept: Piper chengqie, white cardamom, etc. It's the end. Dry lick it. (Shouyu shenfang)

⑥ Treatment of bronchial asthma: pepper fruit, Elaeagnus leaf, rehmannia root (wild) each five money. Take it in water. Avoid sour and spicy food.

⑦ Cure heatstroke: fruit of mountain chicken pepper is 1 to 2 money. Take it in water.

⑧ Treatment of unknown swelling toxin: right amount of fresh fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Smash the external application. (6) common folk herbs in Zhejiang Province

[clinical application] treatment of amoebic dysentery

Grind the eggplant with skin and take it in capsule. 1 g each time, every 2 hours, 4 times a day, depending on the severity of the disease for 3-5 days. If there is gastrointestinal irritation reaction after taking, the same amount of magnesium carbonate can be added. 60 cases were treated, 42 cases of which were treated with Zhitian. The results showed that 38 cases were found no more amoeba and the symptoms disappeared; 4 cases were invalid. Among the 18 cases without reexamination of stool, 16 cases disappeared after treatment, and 2 cases were invalid.

[famous expert's discussion] 1. In the book of Materia Medica shugouyuan, it is said that "Bichengqie can cure kidney qi and bladder coldness, less than shujiao; it can cure Yin Qi obstruction, less than Wuyu, with temperature as tonic. It belongs to the opposite medicine of traumatic cold and internal deficiency. As for warming spleen and stomach

Chinese PinYin : Bi Cheng Qie