Cantharides

Cantharides

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] Banmao, Longwei (Ben Jing), cantharidin (Shuo Wen), Banho, longho, Banjun, Yanqing (Wu Pu Ben Cao), longmiao (Wu Pu Ben Cao), yangmi insect (Luchuan Ben Cao), tiger spotted hair, spotted hair, flower shell insect, adzuki bean insect, fart insect (Chinese medicine records), Hualuo insect (Guangdong traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhangwa (Jilin traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the dried whole insect of Cantharis australis or cantharis flavus.

[animal morphology] 1. Cantharis australis, also known as cantharis australis.

Body length 15-30 mm, black background, covered with black villi. The head is round triangle, with thick and dense points, and there is a smooth longitudinal line in the middle of the forehead. The compound eye is large and slightly kidney shaped. Antennae 1 pair, linear, 11 nodes, terminal nodes expanded and rod-shaped, terminal node base narrower than anterior segment. The length of the front chest is slightly larger than the width, and the front end is narrower than the back end; the back plate of the front chest is densely engraved with a smooth longitudinal grain in the center, and there is a depression in the front center of the back edge, and the back edge is slightly upturned and wavy. Cotyledons oblong, terminal rounded obtuse. The end of the Coleoptera is wider than the base, with black background. There are two large yellow spots at the base of each wing, and the spots in some individuals are smaller. There is a yellow wavy transverse band at the front and back of the center of the wing. The black part of the wing surface has dense incisions and villi, while the yellow part has sparse incisions and villi. Under the Coleoptera is a pair of transparent membranous wings, brownish. There are 3 pairs of feet with long black villi, 5 tarsals of forefoot and middle foot; 4 tarsals of hindfoot with 2 claws at the tip of tarsals; the joints of feet can secrete yellow venom, contact skin and blister. The ventral surface also has long black villi.

The larvae have six instars and overwinter as pseudopupae. The adults began to damage from April to may, and the most serious damage occurred from July to September. They mostly feed on the flowers and leaves of soybean, the leaves of peanut and eggplant, and the buds, leaves and flowers of cotton. It is distributed in most areas of China.

② Yellow and black cantharidin, also known as: Melaleuca maculata.

The shape is very similar to that of the upper species, the body is small, 10-15 mm long. The base of terminal antennae is as wide as anterior antennae.

Its life habit and distribution are the same as those of other species.

[collection] from July to August, catch in the morning when the dew is not dry. Gloves and masks should be worn when catching, so as to avoid the toxin irritating the skin and mucous membrane. After catching, put it in a cloth bag, scald it with boiling water, and then take it out to dry.

[medicinal materials] the dried body is oblong. The length of large cantharidin is 10-25 mm and the width is 5-10 mm. The length of small cantharidin is 10-15 mm and the width is 5-7 mm. The head is slightly triangular. Black. There is a pair of large compound eyes and a pair of antennae, most of which have fallen off. There are three light brown stripes on the leathery Coleoptera of the back. The chest and abdomen are brown black and glossy. Chest protuberance, there are enough 3 pairs. The abdomen is looped with black villi. It has special Qi and bitter taste. It is better to be big, yellow, bright and intact.

It is mainly produced in Henan, Guangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Jiangsu and other places. The output of Henan and Guangxi is higher.

[chemical constituents] cantharidin 1-1.2%, fat 12%, resin, formic acid, pigment, etc. Cantharidin was found in 0.97% of cantharidin, but 1.3% of cantharidin was also found. In addition, cantharidin is generally 1-1.5%.

[pharmacological action] 1

Cantharidin (mainly cantharidin) has the effect of redness and foaming on skin and mucous membrane, and has been used as an anti irritant. Its irritation is quite strong, but its tissue penetration is small, so its effect is relatively slow, only moderate pain, usually does not involve the deep skin, the resulting bubble quickly healed without leaving scars. On the mucosa or skin wound, its effect is more severe. It is also difficult to recover. Oral toxicity is quite large, can cause gastroenteritis and nephritis; especially the kidney and urinary tract, very sensitive to cantharidin, a small amount can expand the glomerulus, poisoning mainly damage the renal tubules. Cantharidin is easy to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and a small amount can be absorbed by the skin; excretion is mainly through the kidney, urinary tract stimulation can produce symptoms such as urgency, pain (such as making urine alkaline, increasing its solubility, can reduce its irritation symptoms), Chinese folk use its stimulating foaming effect (known as "Cold Moxibustion") in a certain part to treat a variety of diseases. In rabbits with formaldehyde induced arthritis, moxibustion with Banmao Dan (0.1g Banmao honey pill) has obvious curative effect, and it is proved that nervous system is involved. Many studies have been carried out on the mechanism of cantharidin induced skin foaming, especially the release of skin spinous layer. It is generally believed that it is due to the involvement of certain enzymes in the skin. The sensitivity of various animals to cantharidin (especially nephritis) varies greatly among races.

② Antitumor effect

Cantharidin has a slight inhibitory effect on sarcoma-180 in mice, and can make lame tissue fragment and erosive. Clinically, the treatment of liver cancer is effective, but there are many side effects, which need further study.

③ Other functions

Cantharis aqueous extract (1:4) had different degrees of inhibition on Trichophyton blue and other skin fungi in vitro. It has been reported that cantharidin has estrogen like effect, but some people think that only impure cantharidin has this effect, while pure cantharidin has no hormone like effect.

[toxicity] it is a highly toxic drug. In acute test, the median lethal dose of intraperitoneal injection was 1.25 mg / kg in mice. In the acute or subacute toxicity test, pathological changes were found in all organs: obvious turbid swelling of myocardial fibers (especially in subacute test); turbid swelling and steatosis of liver cells; stasis of blood in lung and spleen with focal hemorrhage; turbid swelling of renal tubular epithelium. Cantharidin 30 mg can cause death.

[processing] cantharides: remove impurities, feet and wings. Rice cantharidin: heat the rice in the pot, spray a little water on the rice paste pot, when the smoke comes out, add the cantharidin, stir fry gently, take out, remove the rice, remove the feet and wings. (10 jin for each cantharidin, 2 Jin for each rice)

① Lei Gong's treatise on frying and frying: "in order to cultivate a spotted cat, stir fry it with glutinous rice and pockmarked seeds. When the rice is yellow and black, remove the pockmarked seeds, remove the wings and feet. If you use it overnight, you can get rid of the poison. "

② "Compendium": "stir fried with bran, boiled with vinegar. "

It is pungent, cold and poisonous.

Ben Jing: "it tastes pungent and cold. "

[channel tropism] into the large intestine, small intestine, liver and kidney.

① In the book of Materia Medica, it is said that "starting with Yangming and hand taiyangjing. "

② "Yuluo Yaojie": entering the liver meridian of foot Jueyin. "

③ Huiyue medical mirror: "entering the lung and spleen meridians. "

④ "Into the liver, spleen, kidney three channels. "

[function indications] attack poison and remove blood stasis. For external use, it is used to treat Vickers, stubborn ringworm, mouth and eye deviation, throat moth; for internal use, it is used to treat scrofula and rabies bite.

① Ben Jing: "it can control cold and heat, rat fistula, ulcers and gangrene, corrode dead muscles and break stone gall. "

② Bielu: "it's mainly scabies, hematocele, abortion. "

③ "Treatise on medicinal properties" says: "to cure scrofula, to dredge channels. "

④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "treating gonorrhea, applying ulcers, fistula rotten. "

⑤ "Compendium of Medical Sciences" says: "it can treat hernia, relieve the toxin of hernia, dog, sand louse and light powder. "

[usage and dosage] external use: grind powder, apply, foam, or dip in wine or vinegar. Orally: stir fry and grind the powder, 1-2%, or put into pills or powder.

[should avoid] it is highly toxic and should be taken with caution; it should not be taken for weak and pregnant women.

① "The saber is the envoy" in Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu. Croton, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Kongqing. The skin is green. "

② "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "evil bean flower. In addition to Wing medicine, foot, cooked with fried, raw that is vomiting and diarrhea. "

③ "Ben Cao Yan Yi": "pregnant people can not be taken, in order to break human flesh. The medicine for treating gonorrhea is multi-purpose and extremely bitter, so it should be considered. "

④ Gangmu: "evil licorice. "

[prescription selection] ① to treat carbuncle and gangrene, pull out pus, carbuncle and gangrene do not break, or broken and swollen without pus: cantharis as the end, with garlic pound paste, and water a bean Xu paste, a small amount of pus, that is to remove the medicine. (ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fang)

② Treatment of emphysema: a spotted cat, twist broken, and then draw the needle on the sore, make rice characters, to seal. (emergency preparation)

③ Treatment of tinea, years old scab, scratch the yellow water out, every rainy that itch: Banmao half, micro fry for the end, honey transfer application. (waitai secret recipe)

④ Treatment of psoriasis: a cantharidin, kansui a money. Grind fine powder together, mix with vinegar, rub several times a day. (Jilin Chinese herbal medicine)

⑤ Treatment of facial nerve paralysis: a cantharidin. Grind thin, paste the water on the cheek, slant to the left, slant to the right, slant to the right, slant to the left. Remove the foam immediately. (Shandong Handbook of Chinese herbal medicine)

⑥ Treatment of acute tonsillitis, acute pharyngitis, laryngitis: cantharidin amount. At the end of the study, take a small amount of Fangqing plaster center, such as tonsillitis paste on the affected side of the neck external pressure pain, such as pharyngitis, laryngitis paste on both sides of Renying point, until the skin blisters (about three to four hours), can be removed. The blister is disinfected with alcohol, and then the sterilized needle is used to break the blister, release the liquid, apply Red Mercury, cover with gauze, and fix with adhesive tape. (Hebei Traditional Chinese medicine manual)

⑦ Treatment of malaria: seven cantharides, ephedra, androgen each one money two cents, cinnabar half money. A total of research fine end, each time with one to three points, transfer on the plaster, paste head and neck of the second joint. (Zhejiang Journal of traditional Chinese medicine (7): 391959)

⑧ Treatment of severe headache: cantharides (head, foot) three to five. Tongmo, Buyan, Baotie. After blistering. Prick with a needle. Let the water out. (Jiangxi herbal medicine manual)

⑨ Cure wart mole black spot: cantharidin 3, the person says a few. Five preserves of glutinous rice, fried yellow rice, into a garlic, mash point. (compendium)

⑩ Treatment of sudden deafness: two spotted cats (wings, feet, fried yellow), one Croton (heart, skin, raw). With the research order even, cotton wrapped in the ear. (Sheng Hui Fang)

(11) prescription for treating adults and children's scrofula: one or two spotted cats, remove wings and feet, stir fry one liter of corn with spotted cats

Chinese PinYin : Ban Mou