turmeric

turmeric

(Tang materia medica)

[synonym] baodingxiang (compendium) and Huangjiang (essential preparation of raw herbs).

[source] rhizomes of Curcuma or Curcuma.

[plant morphology] 1

Perennial perennial herbs. The root is stout, terminal dilated, oval or spindle tuberous, grayish brown. Rhizome ovate, yellow inside, lateral rhizome cylindrical, red yellow. Leaf blade elliptic or narrow, 20-45 cm long, 6-15 cm wide, apex acuminate, base gradually narrow; petiole about half of leaf length, sometimes almost as long as leaf; leaf sheath wide, about as long as petiole. Spike dense, 13-19 cm long; total pedicel 20-30 cm long; bracts broad and ovoid, each bract contains a few florets, the top bracts ovate or narrowly ovate, axillary without flowers; calyx 3 obtuse teeth; upper corolla tube funnel-shaped, 3-lobed; stamen connective rectangular, filaments flat and broad, lateral staminodes long and ovoid; pistil 1, ovary lower, style filiform, base with 2 rods, stigma 1 Head 2 labial. Capsule membranous, globose, 3-valved. Seeds ovate oblong with aril. The flowering period is from August to November.

Cultivated or wild in plains, mountain grasslands or shrubs. It is distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Taiwan, etc.

The tuberous root (Curcuma) of this plant is also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

② Yujin, see "Yujin" section.

[collection] collect in autumn and winter, dig, wash, cook until the heart is deep, dry, knock off the skin, and then dry. In Zhejiang Province, the rhizomes of Curcuma Curcuma are sliced and dried in the sun when they are fresh.

[medicinal materials] 1

It is the dry rhizome of Curcuma longa. It is cylindrical, oval or spindle shaped. It looks like ginger and has few branches. It is 2.5-5.5 cm long and 10-20 mm in diameter. The surface is dark yellowish brown, often with yellow powder, with obvious ring nodes and fibrous roots. It is hard to break because of its solid and heavy quality. The cross section is brown or yellow, horny or waxy. There is a yellow ring near the periphery, and there are often yellow vein dots in the middle. Slightly fragrant, bitter and pungent. Saliva turns yellow when chewing. Cylindrical, wrinkled skin, brown yellow cross section and solid quality are preferred.

It is mainly produced in Sichuan, Fujian and other places. In addition, it is also produced in Jiangxi, Taiwan, Hunan, Shaanxi and Yunnan.

② Turmeric tablets (clinical guidelines)

Also known as: film Curcuma (compendium). It is a dry section of the rhizome of Curcuma Curcuma. It is oblong or irregular in shape, with different sizes. It is 3-6 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide and about 3 mm thick. The outer skin is grayish yellow, rough and shrunken, sometimes with links and fibrous root marks. The cut surface is yellowish white or grayish yellow, with a ring and most of the veins scattered. It is solid, powdery and has tendons. It has ginger aroma, bitter and pungent. It is better to have a large piece, yellow and white color, solid quality and powdering.

It is mainly produced in Zhejiang.

[chemical constituents] turmeric contains 4.5% and 6% volatile oil. The volatile oil contained gingeroflavone 58%, gingerolene 25%, oenanthine 1%, 1,8-cineole 1%, sabinene 0.5%, borneol 0.5%, dehydrogenated gingeroflavone, etc. It also contains curcumin 0.3%, 1.1%, 4.8%, arabinose 1.1%, fructose 12%, glucose 28%, fatty oil, starch, oxalate, etc.

(1) cholagogic effect

Turmeric Decoction and extract can increase the bile secretion of dogs, make the bile components return to normal, and increase the contraction of gallbladder. Its effect is weak and lasting, lasting for 1-2 hours. Curcumin or its sodium salt has choleretic effect. Intravenous injection of curcumin or its sodium salt into dogs can reduce the content of solid components and increase the amount of bile secretion. However, from the total absolute value, the amount of bile salt, bilirubin and cholesterol secretion increased, and the fatty acid composition remained constant. Volatile oil from another plant of the same genus increases bile secretion, while pigment causes gallbladder contraction. Curcumen is a cholesteric solvent, which can be used to treat bile duct stones. 50% turmeric decoction can promote appetite.

② Effect on uterus

Turmeric tablets, turmeric Decoction and extract (2% hydrochloric acid as solvent) had an excitatory effect on isolated uterus of mice and guinea pigs, and caused periodic contraction of uterine fistula in rabbits. The administration lasted for 5-7 hours.

③ Antihypertensive effect

Curcumin alcohol extract showed hypotensive effect on anesthetized dogs, which was not affected by atropine injection and vagotomy. If ergot extract was injected in advance, the antihypertensive effect could be reversed to the pressor effect (similar to that of coptidine), and the antihypertensive effect of ether extract was very weak.

④ Antibacterial action

Curcumin and volatile oil had good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Curcuma water extract has different degrees of inhibition on a variety of skin fungi in vitro. The decoction can prolong the survival time of mice inoculated with virus, but it has no effect on the liver injury caused by chemical (carbon tetrachloride) on the basis of viral hepatitis. In addition, Curcuma preparation can kill flies.

⑤ Other functions

Curcuma longa decoction has analgesic effect and can significantly inhibit frog heart in vitro.

[processing] turmeric: remove impurities, soak in water, pick up, moisten thoroughly, slice and dry. Slice turmeric: remove impurities and residual fibrous roots, brush mud scraps and dry them in the air.

Hard work, warm.

① Tang materia medica: "taste hard, cold, non-toxic. "

② "Materia medica collection": "pungent, warm, non-toxic. "

③ Li Gao: "it tastes bitter, sweet and pungent, cold and nontoxic. "

④ "Dongyi Baojian" says: "hot in nature, hard in taste, non-toxic. "

[channel tropism] entering spleen and liver channels.

① "Into the heart, spleen. "

② "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the heart, lung two channels. "

③ "Entering foot Taiyin, Jueyin" in the classic of Materia Medica. "

Functions and indications: breaking blood, promoting Qi, dredging meridians and relieving pain. It is used to treat abdominal distension, arm pain, Baihuang, blood stasis, amenorrhea, postpartum stasis, abdominal pain, falling injury and carbuncle swelling.

It is used for chest and abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea and limb pain caused by qi stagnation and blood stasis. It is often combined with Rhizoma Corydalis and Rhizoma Cyperi.

① "Tang Materia Medica": "it can control the accumulation of heart and abdomen, resist disobedience, lower Qi, break blood, eliminate wind heat, and eliminate carbuncle and swelling. His skill is stronger than that of Yujin. "

② "Rihuazi materia medica:" it can treat Baihuang blood clot, carbuncle, menstruation, blood stasis, detumescence and poison; it can stop storm pain, cool air and eat. "

③ "Ben Cao Tu Jing": "treating qi distension and postpartum septicemia to attack the heart. "

④ "The compendium of Medical Sciences": "treating arm pain due to wind obstruction. "

⑤ "Materia medica is": "in addition to the heart and abdomen gas accumulation, gas inflation, cold food pain. "

⑥ "Ben Cao Shu": "treat Qi syndrome, fullness, asthma, epigastric pain, abdominal pain, shoulder pain, arm pain, arthralgia, hernia. "

⑦ Yilin zuanyao: "treating wind cold dampness of limbs. "

⑧ Modern practical Chinese medicine: "it is a kind of aromatic and stomach tonic medicine, which is beneficial to the gallbladder and liver. For jaundice, chest fullness, stuffy pain. It is also a hemostatic agent for hematemesis, hematemesis, hematuria and hemorrhoids. External use for abscess and trauma. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-3 Qian; or into the pill, powder. External use: grind and apply.

[should avoid] the patients with blood deficiency but without qi stagnation and blood stasis should not take it.

The classic of materia medica: "do not misuse it if the cause is blood deficiency, arm pain, blood deficiency, abdominal pain, but not blood stasis and stagnation, and Qi and plastic upward and backward distension. If it is wrong, the callus will be divided into two parts. "

[prescription selection] ① it's unbearable to treat heartache: Turmeric (slightly fried), Angelica (cut, baked) each one or two, Aucklandia and Wuyao (slightly fried) each half two. On four flavor, pound Luo for powder, each take two money dagger, fried Cornus vinegar soup transfer. (turmeric powder in Shengji Zonglu)

② Cure nine kinds of heartache, attack without time, and insect pain can not be Ninja: Curcuma three, betel nut half Liang, dry paint (mashed, fried to smoke) half Liang, lime (fried to yellow) one or two. Medicine for the fine end, each take two money, warm wine tune down, regardless of the time. (Jianghuang powder in Yang's family collection)

③ Treatment of gastritis, cholangitis, abdominal distension, pain, vomiting, jaundice: Curcuma 1:5, Coptis 6, cinnamon 3, corydalis 1:2, guangyujin 1:5, mianyinchen 1:5. Take it in water. (Modern Practical Chinese Medicine)

④ Treatment of arm and back pain, non wind non phlegm: Turmeric, licorice, notopterygium each one or two, Atractylodes macrocephala two or two. Take one or two of them and fry them in water. Low back pain, plus Pittosporum bark, angelica, peony. (Jianghuang powder in Chishui xuanzhu)

⑤ Treat the stagnant and astringent moon water of the housewife, regulate the Ying Qi: Turmeric, clove, Angelica (cut, baked), peony each half two. On the four flavors, pound fine Luo for powder, each take two money dagger, warm wine tune. If the meridians are about to come, take this medicine at any time. (turmeric powder in Shengji Zonglu)

⑥ The treatment of menstrual water comes in advance with less blood astringency, and its red color is divided into Angelica sinensis, radix rehmanniae, radix paeoniae rubra, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Curcuma, Radix Scutellariae, Cortex Moutan, rhizoma corydalis and Rhizoma Cyperi. Take it in water. (jiangqin Siwu Decoction in yizongjinjian)

⑦ Treatment of pregnancy, fetal leakage, bleeding, abdominal pain: Turmeric one or two, angelica one or two (file, stir fry), cooked and dried Rehmannia one or two, wormwood one or two (subtle), antler glue one or two (mash, stir fry to dry). Apply the medicine, mash and sift it into powder. Take 4 yuan each. Add 1 / 2 of ginger and 3 jujubes in one cup of water. Fry until 6 minutes. Remove the dross and take it warm before eating. (shenghuifang Jianghuang powder)

⑧ Treatment of postpartum abdominal pain: Turmeric two, myrrh one. At the end of the day, take one cup of water and one cup of kid's urine respectively, and decoct it to one and a half. Divide it into three parts. Take it orally. About five or seven miles, and then take one more. (PU Ji Fang Jiang Huang San)

⑨ It is composed of Radix Angelicae sinensis, Radix Angelicae sinensis, Cortex Cinnamomi, Radix Angelicae sinensis, Radix Angelicae sinensis, Radix Angelicae sinensis, Radix Angelicae sinensis, Radix Angelicae sinensis, Radix Angelicae sinensis, Radix Angelicae sinensis. Fried with water, wine and children's stool. (Jianghuang Decoction in Shangke Fangshu)

⑩ The treatment of toothache is intolerable: Turmeric, asarum, Angelica dahurica, etc. On the fine powder, and rub two or three times, salt soup gargle. (Baiyi Xuanfang Jianghuang powder)

(11) initial treatment of tinea

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Huang