polished round-grained rice

polished round-grained rice

(bielu)

[synonym] Rice ("Diannan Materia Medica"), hard rice ("materia medica seeks the original").

[source] it is the seed kernel of rice (japonica).

[plant morphology] Rice (Book of songs), also known as? ((Book of songs), Jiashu (Book of rites), rice.

Annual herbs. Culms erect, tufted, about 1 m high; hollow, nodal, tillering. The leaves have leaf sheaths, glabrous, as long as internodes or longer in the lower part; the ligule is membranous and hard, lanceolate, extending downward on both sides of the base, connecting with the edge of leaf sheaths, 8-25 mm long, with obvious auricles when young; the leaves are linear, flat, 30-60 cm long, 6-15 mm wide; rough, with obvious veins. Panicle loose, mature downward bending, branches angular, often rough; spikelets oblong, 6-8 mm long; each spikelet has only 1 flower, sterile flower lemma spiny, glabrous; fertile flower lemma hard paper, 5-veined, covered with fine hairs or sparse glabrous, awnless or awned; palea 3-veined, also covered with fine hairs; scales 2, ovoid, about 1 mm long; stamens 6, anthers about 2 mm long Ovary oblong, smooth, style 2, stigma feathery, sometimes with third degenerate style. Caryopsis rectangular round, smooth, light yellow, white. Seeds with distinct linear hilum. The flowering period is from July to August. The fruit period is from August to September.

Aquatic or terrestrial. It is cultivated all over the country. There are many types of rice, which can be divided into japonica rice, indica rice, glutinous rice and so on. Japonica rice has short plant, hard culm, narrow leaf width, short and round grain, strong viscosity and small expansibility. Indica rice has higher plant, soft culm, wide leaf width, long and thin grain, poor viscosity and high expansibility. Glutinous rice is found in both of the above two types. The glutinous rice grain contains a large amount of dextrin, which is the most viscous and has little swelling.

The stem and leaf (rice straw), fine awn thorn (rice awn) on the fruit, germinated fruit (grain bud), seed coat (rice bran), kernel (glutinous rice, indica rice), rhizome and root (glutinous rice root) of glutinous rice and indica rice are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special regulations for details.

[chemical composition] it contains about 75% starch, 8% protein and 0.5-1% fat. It also contains a small amount of B vitamins; the content of vitamins varies with the type of rice and the planting place. The fatty part contains ester cholesterol and free cholesterol, campestrol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, glycerol monoester, diglyceride, triglyceride, phosphoester, 24acyl sphingosine, glucose and free fatty acid. It also contains acetic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, malic acid and other organic acids, glucose, fructose, maltose and other monosaccharides.

[pharmacological action] antitumor effect. The glutinous rice dumplings aged more than 3 years by natural bacteria were used. The blackened ones were removed, dried at 80 ℃ and ground into water suspension, water extract and ethanol extract. After the mice were inoculated with ascitic liver cancer, they were given water suspension or subcutaneous injection of water or ethanol extract every day for 10 days. The inhibition rates were 77.6%, 56.4% and 52.1% respectively. On the ascites smear, the degeneration of cancer cells in the treatment group was more obvious than that in the control group. By naked eye observation, the tumor growth in the control group was more extensive than that in the treatment group, and the adhesion was more serious. However, there was no significant difference in the mortality between the control group and the treatment group 11 days after inoculation.

Sweet and smooth.

① Bielu: "it tastes bitter, flat and nontoxic."

② Qianjin Shizhi: "it tastes hard, flat and nontoxic. The living is cold, the burnt is hot. "

③ "Seven volumes of the book of food": "taste sweet, slightly cold. "

④ Compendium: "northern japonica: cool, southern japonica: warm, red japonica: hot, white japonica: cool, late white japonica: cold, new japonica: hot, Chen japonica: cool. "

[Guijing] Ben Cao Qiu Zhen: "entering the spleen and stomach meridians. "

Functions and indications: tonifying the middle and Qi, strengthening the spleen and stomach, eliminating thirst and diarrhea.

① "Bielu": "the main Yiqi, Zhifan, Zhixie. "

② "Qian Jin? Shi Zhi": "it can smooth stomach qi and grow muscles. "

③ Meng Shen: "warming the middle of the body, replenishing qi, replenishing the lower yuan. "

④ Rihuazi materia medica: "strengthen the muscles and bones, tonify the intestines and stomach. "

⑤ "Diannan Materia Medica" says: "it can cure all kinds of deficiency and damage, strengthen Yin and bone, generate fluid, improve eyesight and wisdom. "

⑥ "Compendium": "rice porridge: benefit urination, stop thirst, raise stomach. Fried rice soup: tonifying stomach and removing dampness. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction.

[taboo] Compendium: "fried rice soup does not remove fire poison, it makes people thirsty. "

[prescription selection] ① for the treatment of cholerae, such as depression, thirst, excessive vomiting and diarrhea, and the exhaustion of Qi: the combination of light bamboo and rice (stir frying, with two cups of water, remove the dross and take the juice). On the two flavors, and even the meal. (Zhuli drink in Shengji Zonglu)

② Treatment of dysentery and irritability: half a liter of Japonica rice. Grind the juice with water, put it into an oil porcelain bottle, seal it with wax paper, and take it overnight at the bottom of the caisson. (Puji Fang)

③ Treatment of pregnancy is not enough, born without skin, red color, but red tendons: early white rice powder. (Sheng Ji Zong Lu)

[famous expert's discussion] 1. Ningyuan's Shijian materia medica: "japonica rice, which is the white late rice of today, only tastes sweet and fragrant. It is the same as four or five different races of early maturing rice and other local products. It can nourish the spleen, benefit the five internal organs, strengthen strength and stop diarrhea, but the function of Japonica rice is the first ear. "

② "Materia medica Mengluo": "japonica rice is often added to the prescription for febrile diseases, and each has its own meaning. For Shaoyin syndrome, every time peach blossom decoction is added, it can be used to invigorate vital energy; bamboo leaf gypsum decoction is used frequently, it can be used to benefit deficiency; Baihu Decoction can be used for Taiyin as well as licorice, it can be used to slow down. "

③ According to the compendium of compendium, the "stem rice" harvested in June and July is early japonica, which can only be used for food; the "stem rice" harvested in August and September is late japonica, and the "stem rice" harvested in October is late japonica. In the north, it can be used as medicine. "According to Luo Tianyi's Baojian, the rice porridge is thin and tasteless, and the Yin in the Yang is also weak. Zhang Lei's "porridge record" says that every day, eating a large bowl of porridge, with empty stomach and weak grain Qi, is the best recipe for diet. "

④ The classic of materia medica: "japonica rice is the rice that people often eat. It is the length of five grains, and people depend on it for their lives. Its taste is sweet and light, and its nature is flat and non-toxic. Although it is specially in charge of the spleen and stomach, the five viscera are full of vitality and the essence of blood vessels, and the muscles and skin of the whole body are strong because of it. "Ben Jing" Yiqi Zhifan Zhixie, special other things ear. "

⑤ According to suixiju Diet Manual, "japonica rice is sweet and flat, so it is suitable to cook porridge. Its function is the same as that of indica rice. Indica rice can also have porridge, while japonica rice is thicker. Japonica rice can also have rice, but indica rice can endure hunger. Porridge and rice is the first tonic in the world. Strong eating can also cause diseases and kill people. People who stop drinking should not drink porridge. Although Sha distension cholera cannot be treated with rice soup, it can block the tunnel and collaterals because of its nature. Therefore, the poor people suffer from deficiency syndrome, and take Concentrated rice drink instead of Shentang. For the patients and puerpera, porridge is the most suitable, which is softer than indica rice, but waxy and not sticky. Although fried rice is fragrant, it is dry in nature and helps fire. It should not be avoided if it is not cold and diarrhea. There is also a kind of fragrant japonica rice, which naturally has fragrance. It is also called fragrant pearl rice. When it is added to porridge, it is very fragrant and can wake up the stomach. Well spring water is better for porridge. "

Chinese PinYin : Jing Mi