Ginkgo biloba

(daily use materia medica)

[synonyms] Lingyan (taicangzhou annals), Buddha nail (Zhejiang Tongzhi), Buddha finger orange (yizhukunyu).

[source] it is the seed of Ginkgo biloba.

[plant morphology] Ginkgo biloba, also known as Yajiao (wanlingji), Gongsun tree (rucanpu History), Yazhang tree.

Deciduous trees, up to 40 meters high. The trunk is erect and the bark is gray. There are two kinds of branches, the leaves are clustered on the short branches and alternate on the long branches. Leaf blade fan-shaped, 4-8 cm long, 5-10 cm wide, apex 2-lobed, base cuneate, veins parallel, forked divergent; petiole 2.5-7 cm long. Flowers unisexual, dioecious; male flowers in drooping catkin, 4-6 in axils of leaves on short branches, with many stamens, anthers 2-locular, at the top of short stalks; female flowers every 2-3 gathered on short branches, each flower has a long stalk, two branches at the end of stalks, each with one carpel, ovule attached to the top, usually only one ovule developed. The seed is drupe shaped, obovate or elliptic, 2.5-3 cm long, pale yellow, covered with white powdery wax; the exotesta is fleshy, odorous; the endotesta is gray white, bony, with edges on both sides; the endosperm is rich, and the cotyledons are 2. The flowering period is from April to May. The fruit period is from July to October. It is cultivated in most parts of the country.

The root or root bark (Ginkgo root), bark (Ginkgo bark) and leaf () of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] from October to November, harvest mature fruits, stack them on the ground, or immerse them in water to rot the fleshy exotesta (or pound the exotesta), wash them and dry them in the sun.

[medicinal material] the dried seeds are obovate or oval, slightly flat, with a long diameter of 1.5-2.5 cm and a short diameter of 1-1.5 cm. The shell (testa) is white or grayish white, smooth and hard, with two edge lines around the edge, apex acuminate, and stipe mark at the base. There is a long oblate seed kernel in the shell, and a light brown membrane at one end when peeling off. The seed kernel is light yellow or yellow green, white inside and powdery. There is a gap in the center. There are 2 or more cotyledons near the top. The taste is sweet and bitter. White shell, plump kernel and white inside are preferred.

It is produced in most parts of the country. It is mainly produced in Guangxi, Sichuan, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Liaoning and other places.

[chemical constituents] the seeds contain a small amount of cyanoside, gibberellin and motilin. Two kinds of ribonuclease were isolated from endosperm. The general composition is: protein 6.4, fat 2.4, carbohydrates 36%, calcium 10 mg, phosphorus 218 mg, iron 1 mg%, carotene 320 μ g, riboflavin 50 μ g%, and a variety of amino acids.

The exotesta contains three toxic components, namely, ursolic acid, hydrocarbutinic acid, hydrocarbutin, ginkgo phenol and ginkgo alcohol. It also contains element, formic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, octanoic acid, octadecanol-10, etc.

Pollen contains a variety of amino acids, glutamine, asparagin, protein, citric acid, sucrose and so on. The content of raffinose in male flowers can reach 4% of fresh weight.

[processing] white nuts: clean impurities and remove hard shell. Ripe ginkgo: take the picked ginkgo, steam, stir fry or simmer, and remove the shell.

[flavor] sweet, bitter, astringent, flat, toxic.

① "Yinshan Zhengzheng" says: "it tastes sweet and bitter, and has no poison. "

② "Diannan Materia Medica": "it tastes sweet, flat and cold. "

③ "Gangmu": "sweet and bitter, flat, astringent. "Cooked food is bitter and sweet, warm and poisonous. "

[channel tropism] entering lung and kidney channels.

① "Gangmu": "entering lung meridian. "

② "Ben Cao Hui Yan": "start with Taiyin and Dayang classics. "

③ "Ben Cao Zai Xin": "enter the heart, lung and kidney channels. "

[function indications] it can astringe the lung qi, relieve asthma and cough, stop turbid belt and reduce stool. Treatment of asthma, phlegm cough, leucorrhea, turbidity, spermatorrhea, gonorrhea, frequency of urination.

① San Yuan Yan Shou Shu: "raw food can relieve alcohol. "

② "Diannan Materia Medica" says: "if the sore does not come out, steamed ginkgo meat with glutinous rice and honey pills: mashed with walnuts to treat choking, nausea, turbidity and cold drenching; mashed and applied to temples to stop headache and eye pain, and applied to nameless swelling poison. "

③ "The essence of pinhui:" simmer cooked food, stop urination frequency. "

④ "Introduction to medicine": "clearing lung and stomach qi, resolving phlegm and asthma, relieving cough. "

⑤ "The compendium of Medical Sciences:" cooked food can warm the lung and replenish qi, relieve asthma and cough, reduce defecation and stop turbidity; raw food can reduce phlegm, disinfect and kill insects; (tamping) apply on nose, face, hands and feet, remove blisters, darken, wrinkle, scabies, crevices and pubic lice. "

⑥ "Bencao Zaixin": "Invigorating Qi and nourishing heart, benefiting kidney and nourishing Yin, relieving cough and trouble, promoting muscle growth, removing pus and toxin, eliminating scabies and gangrene. "

⑦ "Materia medica Biandu": "upper astringent lung gold in addition to cough adverse, downward wet turbid phlegm saliva. "

⑧ "Modern practical Chinese medicine": "nucleolus is used to treat wheezing, dizziness, tinnitus, chronic drenching and women's leucorrhea. The pulp is mashed and used as sticking agent, which has foaming effect; the vegetable oil is soaked for more than one year, which is used for tuberculosis. "

⑨ Shandong traditional Chinese medicine: "treating enuresis and enuresis. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 1.5-3 yuan; mash juice or put into pill or powder. External use: tamping.

It's not suitable for those who are evil.

① "Daily use Materia Medica" says: "eat more to block the wind. Children eat more faint Huo, hair shock lead chancre. The same eel suffers from soft wind. "

② "Compendium": "more food makes people swell. "

[prescription selection] ① treatment of asthma: 21 pieces of Ginkgo (shelled and broken, fried yellow), three coins, two coins of Suzi, one coin, three coins, one coin and five cents of almond (peeled tip), three coins of mulberry (honey fried), one coin and five cents (slightly fried), three coins of legal system (if not, soak in licorice soup seven times, remove navel). Water for three hours, fried for two hours, for two services, each service for one hour, regardless of the time. (Dingchuan Decoction in the wonderful prescription for taking care of life)

② Treatment of Mengyi: three Ginkgo biloba tablets. Drink and cook for four to five days. (Hunan medical records)

③ Treatment of red and white belt, the next yuan Xu tired: ginkgo, lotus, jiangmi each five money. For the end, with a, to bowel Sheng medicine boiled, hollow food. (Linhu jijianfang)

④ Treatment of infantile diarrhea: two Ginkgo and one egg. Peel and grind the ginkgo, break a hole in the egg, put in the ginkgo and cook the cooked food. (selected materials of new medical treatment of Chinese herbal medicine, Inner Mongolia)

⑤ Treatment of all kinds of intestinal wind and visceral poison: 49 Ginkgo biloba. To shell membrane, rotten research, into the end, the ball as big as a billiard. Take three pills each time, chew rice and drink. (key to syndrome differentiation and treatment)

⑥ Zhiyachonglu: raw ginkgo, chew one after each meal, good. (Yonglei qianfang)

⑦ Treatment of nose and face wine: Ginkgo biloba, wine cristae grains. Chew it up at the same time and wash it at night. (Yilin Jiyao)

⑧ Treatment of tinea capitalis: cut off the white nuts and rub them frequently. (secret experience recipe)

⑨ Treatment of lower chancre: raw ginkgo, pestle, apply it. (Ji Ji Xian Fang)

⑩ Treatment of breast ulcers: Ginkgo biloba half Jin. Take it with four Liang and apply it with four Liang. (emergency prescription)

[clinical application] treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis

It has some effect on improving symptoms. After taking the medicine, some patients' fever, night sweats, cough, asthma, hemoptysis, loss of appetite and so on were improved to varying degrees. Usage: on the eve of the Mid Autumn Festival, take off the semi green and yellow Ginkgo biloba (select the large particles with no damage to the appearance) without washing or removing the handle, then immerse it in the lettuce oil, and use it after 100 days. Take 1 capsule in the morning, middle and evening every day (children's discretion), before meals, depending on the condition for 1-3 months

[poisoning] ginkgo poisoning has been recorded in ancient times and has been reported repeatedly in recent years. Most of them occurred in autumn when ginkgo was ripe, because of excessive frying or cooking. Most of them are children under the age of 10, even adults. The amount of food taken by the patients ranged from 7 to 150 for children and from 40 to 300 for adults. The poisoning time ranged from 1 to 12 hours after eating. The main symptoms are central nervous system, such as vomiting, coma, drowsiness, fear, convulsion, or dullness of mind, increased body temperature, dyspnea, cyanosis, pupil narrowing or dilation, unresponsive to light, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc., and increased white blood cell count and neutrophil count. In a few cases, peripheral nerve dysfunction was found, showing complete flaccid paralysis or paraplegia of both lower limbs, and tenderness disappeared. Most of the patients recovered after treatment, but a few died of severe poisoning or delayed rescue. It is generally believed that the degree of poisoning is closely related to age, physical strength and the amount of food taken. The younger the age, the greater the possibility of poisoning, the more serious the degree of poisoning; the more food intake, the weaker the constitution, the higher the mortality.

Chinese PinYin : Bai Guo