Coix seed

Coix seed

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] Xie Li (Ben Jing), Qi Shi, Gan mi (BIE Lu), Gan mi (Qian Jin Shi Zhi), Yi Zhu Zi (Ben Cao Tu Jing), Hui Hui MI, Cao Zhu Er, Pu Ti Zi, Gan Zhu (Jiu Huang Ben Cao), Bi Ti Zhu (Dian Nan Ben Cao), Qi Shi (Gang Mu), Yi mi (Yao Hua Yi), MI Ren (Ben Cao Chong Yuan), Yi Ren (new edition of Ben Cao), Yi Ren (Lin Ren) Yimi (herbal medicine), caozhuzi (plant name Collection), liugumi (traditional Chinese medicine morphological experience identification method), zhuzhumi (Guizhou folk medicine Collection), jiaonianzhu (Fujian folk medicine), niaotangzhu, laoyazhu (Guangxi Chinese veterinary medicine plant), putizhu (Jiangsu Plant Medicine record), medicinal corn, water corn, gouzimi (northeast plant medicine record) Liuguzi (records of traditional Chinese Medicine), Yumi (records of traditional Chinese medicine of Guangxi), niaotan, niaozhuzi, xushengzi, liaochazi (records of traditional Chinese medicine of Hunan), Yimi (materia medica of Mindong).

[source] it is the seed of Coix lacryma jobI.

[plant morphology] Coix (Ben Jing), also known as Gan (Shuo Wen), Wu Ren (BIE Lu), Yu Shu (Yang's empirical formula), Cao Pu Ti (Cao Mu Bian Fang), Yi Shu, GUI Zhu Jian, niaotang Cao, tie Yu Shu, blind Zi Shu, GUI Zhu Shu and Bian Po Ju.

Herbs annual or perennial. The fibrous roots are thick and the diameter can reach 3 mm. Culms erect, 1-1.5 m high, with about 10 nodes. Leaf blade linear lanceolate, 30 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, margin rough, midrib thick, convex on the back; leaf sheath smooth, upper part shorter than internode; ligule hard, about 1 mm long. Inflorescence axillary bundles; female Spikelet in the lower part of inflorescence, surrounded by bony moniliform involucre, involucre about as long as spikelet; fertile spikelet the first glume is membranous at the lower part, thick papery at the upper part, apex obtuse; the second glume is navicular, wrapped in the first glume, apex thick papery, acuminate; the second lemma is shorter than the first lemma; palea is similar to lemma but smaller, stamen 3, degenerate; female Stamens with long styles; sterile spikelets degenerate into cylindrical glumes. Male spikelets usually 2-3 in one node; sessile male spikelet the first glume flat, both sides folded into ridges and wings of unequal width, apex obtuse, with many veins; the second glume navicular, also with many veins; lemma and palea are membranous; stamen 3; petiolate male spikelet is similar to sessile, but smaller or more degenerate. Caryopsis enveloped by hard involucre, ovate or ovoid globose. The flowering period is from July to September. The fruit period is from September to October.

Most of them live near houses, in the wilderness, by the river, in streams or in wet valleys. It is widely distributed in most areas of China, and most of them are cultivated products.

The root (Coix lacryma jobI L.) and leaf (Coix lacryma jobI L.) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

The variety Chuangu is used for medicine.

[collection] after the fruit becomes hot in autumn, the whole plant is cut, dried in the sun, the fruit is beaten, the shell and yellowish brown skin are removed, the impurities are removed, and the kernel is collected and dried in the sun.

[medicinal materials] the dried seed kernel is round or oval in shape, with wide and slightly flat base, blunt and round top, 5-7 mm long and 3-5 mm wide. The surface is white or yellowish white, smooth or with no obvious longitudinal lines. Sometimes, there is a yellowish brown outer skin. There is a deep and wide longitudinal groove on the side. The groove bottom is rough and brown, and the base is concave, with a small brown spot. It is hard, white and powdery inside after breaking. The taste is sweet and light. Large, plump, white and complete grains are preferred.

It is mainly produced in Fujian, Hebei and Liaoning.

[chemical constituents] the kernel contains 16.2% protein, 4.65% fat, 79.17% carbohydrates and 330 μ g vitamin B1. The seeds contain amino acids (leucine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, etc.), coixenon, Coixenolide and triterpenoids.

[pharmacological action] ① the action of Coix seed oil

It was reported that coix seed oil extracted with petroleum ether had excitatory effect on striated muscle and motor nerve endings of frogs at low concentration, and paralytic effect at high concentration. If injected into the thoracic cavity or gastrocnemius muscle of frog, it can reduce muscle contracture and shorten fatigue curve. Using the neuromuscular specimens of frog in vitro, it is proved that the action point is not in the nerve trunk but in the muscle part. Further studies showed that huiyiren oil or saturated fatty acids with C number of 10-18 could prevent or reduce the contraction of striated muscle (non neuromuscular junction), but unsaturated fatty acids (such as oleic acid) had no such effect. Coix seed oil (0.5 g / kg subcutaneously injected into rabbits) and fatty acids with C number more than 12 can reduce blood glucose, which can be antagonized by pyruvate. Serum calcium also decreases. Fatty acids with low C number (such as decanoic acid) have no effect on blood glucose and calcium. Coix seed oil (mainly palmitic acid and palmitic acid ester) can stimulate respiration in a small amount and paralyze a large amount (central); it can significantly dilate pulmonary vessels. It can excite the isolated frog heart and the isolated rabbit intestine at low concentration, and inhibit at high concentration; it can excite the uterus of rabbit and guinea pig, and adrenaline can reverse its exciting effect; it also has antidiuretic effect; a large amount of adrenaline can paralyze animals and stop breathing. The lethal dose was 5-10 mg / g in mice (subcutaneous injection) and 1-1.5 g / kg in rabbits (intravenous injection).

② The function of Coix

It has inhibitory effect on striated muscle. It can inhibit the contractile response induced by electrical stimulation of frog neuromuscular specimens, oxygen uptake and anaerobic glycolysis of rat diaphragm, and the response of actin adenosine triphosphate system. It also has weak central inhibitory effect. It has sedative effect on rats and mice, and can antagonize caffeine. In the EEG of rabbits, the amplitude increased and the frequency decreased, showing the functional inhibition of the central nervous system. In the rat experiment (tail electrical stimulation), it has analgesic effect, and the intensity is similar to aminopyrine. It also has antipyretic effect. It has better antipyretic effect on tTG fever, but has little effect on dinitrophenol fever. In addition, it had a transient inhibitory effect on polysynaptic reflex (cat peroneal nerve gastrocnemius muscle specimen). It did not reduce the lethal effect of strychnine or pentylenetetrazol. The results showed that intravenous injection could cause a short-term decrease of blood pressure in rabbits, while subcutaneous injection could slightly decrease blood glucose, which had inhibitory effect on isolated toad heart and isolated rabbit intestine, but had no significant effect on rabbit ear blood vessels. Its toxicity is very low, and it does not cause abnormal changes in mice after oral administration of 0.5 g / kg for one month.

It has been reported that coix seed can prevent the growth and damage of cancer cells.

[processing] stir fry sugarcane coix seed: put the picked coix seed in the pot, stir fry it gently until yellowish, take it out and let it cool. Or stir fry with wheat bran. (100kg huiyiren, 10kg bran)

"Lei Gong Paozhi Lun" says: "every envoy (coix seed) one or two, boil two or two glutinous rice together, make the glutinous rice ripe, remove the glutinous rice, take the envoy. If you've cooked it in salt soup, you'll have to make it. "

Sweet and light, cool.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes sweet and slightly cold. "

② Bielu: "non toxic. "

③ "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": "the nature is flat. "

④ "Ben Cao Zheng": "the taste is sweet and light, and the Qi is cool. "

[channel tropism] entering spleen, lung and kidney channels.

① Gangmu: "Yangming. "

② "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": entering lung, spleen, liver, stomach and large intestine. "

③ New edition of materia medica: "entering the spleen and kidney meridians. "

Functions and indications: Invigorating the spleen, tonifying the lung, clearing away heat and removing dampness. It is used to treat diarrhea, dampness arthralgia, tendon contracture, adverse flexion and extension, edema, beriberi, lung flaccidity, lung carbuncle, intestinal carbuncle, drenching turbidity and leucorrhea.

① "Ben Jing" and "the main tendons are acute and tight, not flexion and extension, rheumatic arthralgia, lower Qi. "

② Bielu: "in addition to tendons and bones, evil Qi is not benevolent, beneficial to the stomach and intestines, eliminate edema, it is edible. "

③ "Property theory": "it can control lung qi, spit pus blood, cough and spit Qi. Decoction of broken five stream poison swelling. "

④ "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": "to dry and wet beriberi. "

⑤ "Warming Qi is the main way to quench thirst. "Kill roundworms. "

⑥ "Introduction to medicine": "the main Qi, heart and chest wrong. "

⑦ "Compendium": "invigorate the spleen and stomach, invigorate the lung and clear away heat, remove wind and overcome dampness. Cooking and eating can cure cold air; frying and drinking can relieve urination and heat. "

⑧ Pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine: "treating hydrops in stomach. "

⑨ "Chinese medicine plant atlas," treatment of pulmonary edema, wet pleurisy, dysuria, chronic gastrointestinal disease, chronic ulcer. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: Jiantang, 0.3-1 Liang; or rensan.

[should avoid] it is difficult for the spleen to contract with the stool, and pregnant women should take it with caution.

① According to the classic of Materia Medica, it is forbidden to have dry stools and short water due to cold, spleen deficiency and no dampness. Pregnancy is forbidden. "

② Bencao tongxuan: "it's not appropriate for a person to sink because of the deficiency of benefit.". "

[prescription selection] ① the patient suffered from pain and fever, and was also called rheumatism. The disease was caused by sweating and wind, or long-term cold injury: Mahuang (removing knots) half Liang (soaking in soup), licorice (fried), coix seed (fried), ten almonds (peeled, pointed, fried). On the file Ma Dou big, each takes four money, water one and a half, boils eight minutes, goes to the dross warm clothing, has the slight sweat to avoid the wind. (ephedra almond Coix Licorice Decoction in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)

② Treatment of rheumatism Bi Qi, limb flaccidity Bi, lumbar spine ache: coix seed a Jin, true sangsheng, dangguishen, Dipsacus, cangshui (rice swill dip fried) each four Liang. Divided into 16 doses, decoction. (Guangji Fang)

③ It can cure chronic rheumatism, invigorate vital energy, benefit intestines and stomach, eliminate edema, eliminate evil Qi in the chest, and treat muscle and pulse contracture: coix seed is the end, and it is the same as japonica rice porridge, which is eaten by the sun. (coix seed congee in the compendium)

④ Removing rheumatism, strengthening muscles and bones, strengthening spleen and stomach: coix seed

Chinese PinYin : Yi Yi Ren