Clematis

[Chinese name] Clematis

Root class

[synonyms] Nengxiao (Kaibao materia medica), Weilingxian (Su Shen LiangFang), Weilingxian (Zhenzhu Bao), tiejiaoweilingxian (Gangmu), Lingxian (medicated Huayi), heijiaoweilingxian (raw herbal medicine preparation), jiucaoji, windmill (Modern Practical Chinese Medicine), xianxumiao (Nanjing folk herbal medicine), heigukou, heimutong (Guizhou folk herbal medicine Collection), tiejiao Ganweilingxian (collection of medicinal materials), Tiezhuo (Zhejiang traditional Chinese medicine manual), qicunfeng (Guangxi Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine plant), tiejiaolingxian, niuxiancao, niugancao (Jiangsu Plant Medicine records), huxu, Capsicum (Luchuan materia medica), tielingxian (Hebei medicinal materials), lingxianteng, heilingxian (Sichuan Traditional Chinese medicine records), heixugong, zhichateng (Guangdong traditional Chinese medicine records).

[source] it is the root of Clematis chinensis (Ranunculaceae).

[plant morphology] Clematis

Shrubs, 4-10 m high. The roots are mostly tufted, slender, and the skin is black brown. Stem black after stem, with obvious stripes, white pubescence when young, shedding when old. Leaves opposite, pinnate compound, leaflets usually 5, rarely 3, ovate or ovate lanceolate, 3-7 cm long, 1.5-3.6 cm wide, apex pointed, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, rarely shallowly cordate, entire, with fine hairs along veins above, smooth below and 3 main veins below. Panicle axillary and terminal, 12-18 cm long; bracts leaflike; sepals 4, sometimes 5, petal shaped, oblong obovate, white, apex often with small tip protruding, lateral white pilose, medial smooth glabrous; stamens many, unequal, filaments flat; pistils 4-6, carpels separated, ovary and style with dense white hairs. Achene flat ovate, slightly short hairy, style persistent, extended white feathery. The flowering period is from May to June. The fruit period is from June to July.

Born in the mountains, ridges and roadsides. It is distributed in Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, etc.

[collection] collect and dig in autumn, remove stems and leaves, fibrous roots and soil, and dry them in the sun.

[herbal medicine] the rhizome is irregular block, yellowish brown, with wooden stem base at the upper end and many fine roots at the lower side. Root slender cylindrical, about 8-16 cm long, about 1-4 mm in diameter, slightly curved, surface brown or brown black, with fine longitudinal lines. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, easy to break off the skin and wood, flat section, quasi round, gray yellow skin, yellow white wood. The rhizome is tough with uneven section and fibrous. The air is weak. It tastes slightly bitter. It's better to be smooth, black skin, white meat and solid.

It is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and other places. It is also produced in Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong and Fujian.

Clematis used in Sichuan is the aboveground part. It is a dry stem and leaf. The surface of the stem is black, with longitudinal grooves and nodes. It is hollow, brittle and easy to break. It is weak in breath and light in taste.

Other plants of the same genus are used as Clematis: 1. Polygonum hydropiper is also known as Clematis and Lagerstroemia indica. The rhizome is short columnar, yellowish brown, with residual stem base at the upper end and clusters of fine roots at the lower side. The root length is 4-10 cm, the diameter is 0.8-1.5 mm, the surface is dark brown or brown, with fine longitudinal lines, a few bark abscission, exposing yellowish white thin strip wood; the quality is brittle, easy to break; the section is flat, yellowish white, there are often cracks between the wood and the bark, the wood is white, slightly square. The quality of rhizome and stem base is tough; the fracture surface is not flat and fibrous. The taste is slightly bitter. Used in Northeast, North China, Shandong, Jiangsu. ② Akebia, used in Yunnan, Hunan, Guangxi, Zhejiang, see "Sichuan Akebia". ③ Clematis cylindrica, also known as tiger rattan, is used in Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. ④ Clematis pubescens, used in Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan. ⑤ Clematis simplicifolia, used in Guangxi, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, see "xuelikai". ⑥ Shanmutong, used in Guangxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, see "shanmutong" article. ⑦ Clematis mandshurica, used in Northeast China. ⑧ Huangyaozi, used in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, see "iron foot Clematis leaf".

In addition, the rhizomes and roots of Smilax China (used in Shaanxi, see "jingangci" strip), Smilax China (used in Gansu, see "xiaoxiaosmilax" strip) and Smilax China (used in Shandong, see "yuyuxu" strip) are used as Clematis. The Clematis recorded in Kaibao Materia Medica, Bencao tujing and Jiuhuang materia medica belong to the family Scrophulariaceae. Clematis chinensis recorded in the materia medica of Southern Yunnan is a compound flower of Compositae. Please refer to the article "Cao Wei Ling".

[chemical constituents] 1. The root of Clematis chinensis contains anemone, Anemone, sterols, sugars, saponins, lactones, phenols and amino acids. The leaves contain lactones, phenols, triterpenes, amino acids and organic acids.

② The leaves of Polygonum hydropiper contain 0.82% coumarin, 0.23% kaempferol and other flavonoids, alkaloids, volatile oil, resin, etc., and do not contain saponins, tannins or cardiac glycosides

③ The roots of Clematis mandshurica contain triterpenoid saponins: Clematis a, Clematis a ", Clematis B and Clematis C.

④ The roots of Dioscorea and its varieties contain saponins and ivy sapogenin.

[pharmacological action] 1. Effects on circulatory system

50% extract of Clematis angustifolia (i.e. Polygonum hydropiper) (1 ml / kg) can reduce the blood pressure and renal volume of anesthetized dogs. The efficacy of the decoction is only half of that of the extract. The effect of the extract seems to be 3-5 times greater than that of the decoction. Its antihypertensive effect may be related to the inhibition of heart.

② The effect on smooth muscle

Clematis angustifolia decoction has obvious excitatory effect on isolated intestine of mice, which may be a direct effect on smooth muscle, and has similar effect on isolated intestine of rats and rabbits, but has no obvious effect on isolated uterus of mice.

③ Antidiuretic effect

Clematis angustifolia has significant antidiuretic effect on mice, rats and guinea pigs. The effect of 50% Decoction 0.2 ml is equivalent to the antidiuretic effect of 0.1 unit of pituitrin, and its action time seems to be longer than that of pituitrin. This effect may also be related to the decrease of blood pressure and renal vasoconstriction.

④ Hypoglycemic effect

Clematis extract can significantly enhance glucose assimilation in normal rats (i.e. after a large amount of glucose is given to rats, the urine glucose test is still negative), so it may have hypoglycemic effect.

⑤ Other functions

0.025g/10g (1 / 8 of the minimum lethal dose) of Clematis decoction can slightly improve the pain valve (hot plate method) in mice, so it may have analgesic effect. 1: The water extract has some inhibitory effect on skin fungi in vitro. Baihuasu (Pulsatilla brain) extracted from Clematis chinensis var. Huazhong (baihuateng, unidentified) has antibacterial activity. Another kind of Clematis water extract also contains protoanemone, which may be an antibacterial component.

[processing] Clematis: clean impurities, remove residual stems, soak them in water, remove them, moisten them thoroughly, cut them into sections, and dry them in the sun. Jiulingxian: take the segment of Clematis, mix it with yellow rice wine, put it in the pot, stir fry it with slow fire, take it out and let it cool. (100 Jin of Clematis, 12-15 Jin of yellow rice wine)

[flavor] spicy, salty, warm, toxic.

① Kaibao materia medica: "it tastes bitter, warm and nontoxic. "

② "Pearl bag": "Gan. "

③ Compendium: "it tastes pungent and salty. "

④ "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": "bitter, pungent, warm, little poison. "

[Guijing] entering bladder meridian.

① Ben Cao Jing Shu: "enter the Taiyang Jing. "

② "Seeking truth from Materia Medica" says: "it enters the bladder, intestines and stomach. "

③ Ben Cao Zai Xin: "entering the lung and kidney meridians. "

Functions and indications: dispel wind and dampness, dredge channels and collaterals, eliminate phlegm and saliva, and disperse addiction. It is used to treat gout, stubborn arthralgia, cold pain of waist and knee, beriberi, malaria, accumulation of Baihuang, tetanus, tonsillitis, etc.

(1) Qufengshi Zhitong: for rheumatic pain. Its good nature, can pass through the twelve meridians, so it is particularly suitable for the whole body wandering rheumatic pain.

(2) Xiaoyugu: use 30g of this product (with vinegar) to decoct the soup to slow down the throat and treat fishbone choking. It's used for all kinds of bones to get stuck in the throat. Can use this product decoct soup, swallow slowly, can make bone jam disappear generally. It can also be served with rice vinegar and sugar. In addition, this product can eliminate phlegm, can be used for choking diaphragm, swelling.

[dosage of traditional Chinese medicine]: 5-10 g; 30 g for bone jams. It is easy to hurt healthy qi if you take it for a long time. It should be used with caution if you are weak.

① Tang materia medica: "cold diseases in waist, kidney, feet and knees, accumulation and intestines, which can not be cured after years, are effective. "

② Kaibao materia medica: "it governs all kinds of wind, dredges the five Zang, removes the cold stagnation in the abdomen, accumulates phlegm and water in the heart for a long time, has a mass of tinea, has pus and evil water in the bladder, has cold pain in the waist and knee, and cures the broken injury. "

③ Ben Cao Yan Yi: "treating intestinal wind. "

④ In the supplement to the meaning of Materia Medica, it is said that "the pain lies in the upper part (" the upper part "works" and "the upper part and the lower part"). "

⑤ According to Fengyuan of the classic: "the toxin of pox and rash can't be released from the upper part of the body, and it's used to induce the lower part of the body if it's late to irrigate the lower part of the body, tibia and knee. "

⑥ "Nanjing folk herbal medicine": "take fresh root soaked in wine to treat stomachache; smash it with white sugar and apply it to the forehead day and night, and remove the blister when you see the skin, so as to treat gingival swelling. "

⑦ "Anhui herbal medicine": "smash the eyebrow to treat diphtheria. "

⑧ "Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine": "Qufeng dehumidification, Tongjing Huoluo, diuresis, pain. Treatment of rheumatism, bone pain, jaundice, edema, adverse urination, migraine, internal injuries. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 2-3 yuan; soak in wine or into pill or powder. External use: tamping.

[should avoid] Qi deficiency and blood weakness, no wind cold dampness evil person taboo

Chinese PinYin : Wei Ling Xian