Gamboge

Gamboge

(Haiyao materia medica)

[source] it is the gum resin of gamboge.

[plant morphology] Gamboge

Evergreen trees, about 18 m high. Branchlets tetragonal. Leaves opposite, thinly leathery, elliptic ovate or ovate lanceolate, 10-15 cm long, apex obtuse, base cuneate, entire; petiole 8 mm long. Flowers unisexual, axillary, yellow, sessile; calyx and petals are 4 pieces, round, imbricate arrangement; male flowers 2-3, clustered, stamens many, gathered into a sub globular succulent body, anther 1-locular, transverse split, filaments short; female flowers solitary, larger, with about 12 staminodes, base connate, stigma shield shaped, ovary 4-locular, smooth glabrous. Berries subglobose, ca. 2 cm in diameter. 4 seeds. The flowering period is November. The fruiting period is from February to March next year.

In the tropics. It is distributed in India and Thailand.

[collection] before flowering, cut the skin of the stem in a spiral shape about 3 meters away from the ground, insert a bamboo tube into the wound, hold the resin flowing out, heat and steam it to dryness, and scrape it off with a knife.

Gamboge

Also known as: Yuhuang, Yuehuang. It is a tubular or irregular block, 3-5cm in diameter, reddish yellow or orange brown, covered with yellowish green frost and longitudinal stripes. It is brittle and brittle, with smooth cross-section, shell like or hollow, with yellowish brown and waxy luster. It will be starish yellow when it is mixed with water, and will burn when it is put into fire. The flavor is pungent. Translucency and red yellow are the best, followed by black.

Made in India and Thailand.

[chemical constituents] the sap contains gambogin. The known structures are α - and β - gambogin, gambogic acid and isogambogic acid. The seeds contain gambogine, isogambogine, dihydroisogambogine, ethoxydihydroisogambogine and neogambogine. The peel contains α - lutein. The sap and heartwood contain gambogine.

[pharmacological action] 1

The pigment tenghuangning in its seed coat has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, and the effective concentration in vitro is 1:10000; it has weak effect on some fungi, Mycobacterium graminearum, Mycobacterium hominis, and has no effect on Escherichia coli. Xintenghuangning also has anti Staphylococcus aureus effect. The antigenic effect of isomers (isogambogine and isoneogambogine) was more effective than that of their mother (gambogine or neogambogine could be isomerized when they passed through intestine).

In vitro, lutein can inhibit nonpathogenic protozoa, especially β - and γ - lutein. The antigenic effect is not parallel to the antibacterial effect. α 1 - and γ - lutein are similar to α - and β - lutein in many aspects, such as inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria, protection against Staphylococcus infection in mice, reaction in the presence of serum or metal ions, stability to heat and pH, etc

② Other effects and toxicity

When the dosage of β - and α 1-gambogin exceeded the treatment dosage, diarrhea could be induced in mice (β - gambogin was more potent). The acute toxicity (median lethal dose, mg / kg) to mice was 277 for both α 1-glycoside and γ - gambogin by subcutaneous injection, 87.1 and 77.18 for intraperitoneal injection, and 108.4 and 108 for intravenous injection, respectively.

[processing] to make gambogia: first, use a large piece of tofu, spread it on a plate, dig a bottomless groove in the middle, put gambogia in it, then cover it tightly with tofu, put it in a cage drawer, put it in a pot, and then sit it in a big pot, heat it with water, steam it until gambogia dissolves, take it out, cool and solidify, remove tofu and dry it in the sun. Second, put gamboge into a magnetic pot, add 10 times more fresh lotus leaf Decoction than gamboge, put the pot into a pot, and heat it for 40-60 minutes with water. When the solution in the pot is purple red, pour it into a copper pot, and then fry it. Concentrate it into a paste and dry it in the sun. 3. Add gamboge to fresh goat blood, put it in a copper pot, add water and cook for 5-6 hours, then remove goat blood and dry. (1 jin of gamboge, half Jin of fresh goat blood)

[nature and taste] Haiyao materia medica: "sour and astringent, poisonous. "

[function indications] detumescence, detoxification, hemostasis, insecticidal. It is used to treat gangrene, carbuncle, atrophic tooth, bleeding.

① Haiyao materia medica: "master Tuole, master Shuai, master shuhuan"

② "Gangmu Shiyi": "it can cure carbuncle and gangrene, stop bleeding and detoxify, collect golden sores, and kill insects. "

③ Modern Practical Traditional Chinese medicine: "it is a Junxia agent, which can treat tapeworm and edema. "

[usage and dosage] external use: grind the powder to adjust the application, grind the juice to apply or boil the paste to apply. Oral administration: take pills (1-2% at a time).

[should avoid] people with weak constitution should not take it. Excessive amount may cause dizziness, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or even death.

[selected prescription] ① treat all carbuncle and swelling: realgar, bile alum, borax, gamboge, aeruginosa, corium nitrate, Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii each one or two, musk two money. For fine powder, and Toad crisp for the strip, such as pen tube big, gold foil for clothing, when used with vinegar grinding thick, new pen dipped in medicine, coated (swelling) poison around. Several times. (Zhu Mu's trial prescription has been cancelled)

② Cure all unknown swelling poison: gamboge four Liang, white wax eight Liang, small mill sesame oil twelve Liang. First of all, fry the oil until it's done, then pour it into the water. Then add the yellow and white ingredients and mix them well. Then put them in a magnetic bottle. Keep the sesame oil on the surface and use it to spread. (Wang Shigui's "good prescription for no medicine" cream)

③ Treatment of all unknown swelling poison, and the back of the corresponding hair: drop flower wine, motonghuang compress, do not stop it. (life saving bitter sea disinfection prescription)

④ For the treatment of traumatic injuries, swelling and severe diseases, both internal and external application are effective: Niuhuang and borneol are two and a half yuan each, ferula and realgar are one or two yuan each, rhubarb, frankincense, myrrh, catechu, geranium, Sanguisorba and Panax notoginseng are two liang each. Grind each fine powder, mix goat blood for five yuan, dry thoroughly in the sun, then grind it into powder, add two taels of tenghuang, boil thoroughly in water, remove the floating greasy, the ball is as big as Euryale ferox, dry in the sun, avoid fire drying, and wrap it in yellow wax. Use one pill and serve with old wine. (the whole life of surgery)

⑤ Hoop poison: gallnut (slightly baked) one or two, gamboge four Liang, a little bronze, small powder (fried) eight Liang. As ingot, use vinegar to grind and coat. (Lei Zheng huoren Shu)

⑥ Treatment of all stubborn ringworm: chicken foot rhubarb, sulfur, realgar, turmeric, gamboge, etc. For fine powder, apply vegetable oil to the affected area. Do not take a bath for seven days. (Wu Huang San in Gangmu Shiyi)

⑦ Cure mangy dysentery head: gamboge one money, alum one money, light powder five points, Ming male five points. Research fine powder, with sesame oil four Liang, yellow and white wax each three money, boil dry income cream. First shave your hair, then use alum and Sichuan peppers to wash the affected area with boiling water, and finally apply ointment once a day until you get better. (Jiangsu traditional Chinese medicine (5): 271961)

⑧ It is used to treat wounds caused by knives, axes, wood, stones, soup, fire, bamboo and wood, and all kinds of injuries: one jin of sesame oil, eight liang of gamboge, eight liang of white wax. First, put the oil into a copper pot, then beat the gamboge to pieces and boil it thoroughly. Filter the residue with linen cloth, and add white wax until the water drops into beads. The cream is suitable for old summer and tender winter. It can stop pain, stop bleeding and close mouth. (the magic effect cream of Gangmu Shiyi)

[discussion by famous experts] 1. According to Ben Jing Feng Yuan: "gamboge is poisonous, but it can attack poison, so it can cure tooth decay, and it will drop when you click it. Poison can damage bone and kidney. "

② "Deyi Materia Medica": "take tenghuang medicine and avoid smoking. According to sanhuangbao wax pill and Lidong pill, gamboge is used for detoxification. If there is tenghuang poison, it can be solved by eating jellyfish. "

Chinese PinYin : Teng Huang