Pepper

Pepper

(a textual research on the names and facts of plants)

[synonyms] pepper, Qinjiao (qunfangpu), spicy eggplant (Huajing), spicy tiger (test of medicinal properties), waxed eggplant (drug inspection), sea pepper, spicy horn (Zunyi Fu Zhi), Jizui pepper (Guangzhou flora).

[source] it is the fruit of Capsicum annuum.

[plant morphology] pepper

Annual herb, stem 45-75 cm high. Leaf blade ovate lanceolate, 5-9.5 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, entire, apex pointed, base tapering, extending into petiole; petiole long. Flowers 1-3, axillary, white; calyx broadly campanulate, apex 5-toothed; corolla annulate, 9-15 cm in diameter, 5-lobed, lobes long elliptic, forceps arranged, longer than corolla tube; stamens 5, sometimes 6-7, inserted near corolla base, anthers oblong, longitudinally split; pistil 1, ovary 2-locular, a few 3-locular, style linear. After ripening, the berry becomes red or orange yellow in shape and size; after cultivation, it has great variation, such as long conical, lantern shaped or spherical; the fruit stalk can be up to 3.5 cm long, erect or drooping, the apex expanded, and the calyx persistent. Seeds numerous, oblate, pale yellow. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruit period is from July to October.

It is cultivated in most areas of China.

The stem (pepper stem) and root (pepper head) of this plant are also used for medicine.

[collection] the fruits are harvested when they are ripe from July to October.

[medicinal material] dry and mature fruit with persistent calyx and fruit stalk. Fruit leathery, dry and thin, bright red or reddish brown, glossy. The seed is flat, kidney shaped or round, with a diameter of 5 mm. Special gas, with sneezing, spicy taste such as burning.

[chemical constituents] the fruit contains capsaicin, Dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, high capsaicin, high Dihydrocapsaicin; nonanoylvanillin, octanoylvanillin; the pigment is cryptoflavin, capsanthin, trace capsanthin, carotene; it also contains vitamin C, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, etc.

The seeds contain solanine, solanine, and most likely solanine, solanine and solanine.

[pharmacological action] 1. Action on digestive system

Hot pepper tincture or capsaicin can be taken orally as a stomach tonic, which can promote appetite and improve digestion. Animal experiments (Basov stomach flaccid dog) have proved that pepper water can stimulate oral mucosa and reflexively strengthen gastric movement. Condiments made from various kinds of peppers can increase saliva secretion and amylase activity after oral administration. Large dose oral can produce gastritis, enteritis, diarrhea, vomiting and so on. It has been reported that capsicum has inhibitory and antispasmodic effects on isolated animal intestines.

② Antibacterial and insecticidal effects

Capsaicin had significant inhibitory effect on Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, but had no effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Its branches and leaves had no antibacterial effect, but only slightly inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 10-20% capsicum fried Vitex can kill bedbugs.

③ Reddening effect

External use as an eraser has a fringing effect on the skin, which can reflexively dilate the local blood vessels of the skin and promote the exuberance of local blood circulation. Tincture can be used for chilblain; however, some people think that pepper only strongly stimulates sensory nerve endings, causing warmth, but has little effect on blood vessels, and high concentration does not foam, so it can not be regarded as a redness agent.

④ Effect on circulatory system

Pungent substances (ginger, pepper, especially hot pepper) can stimulate the taste receptors of human tongue. They reflexively cause the rise of blood pressure (especially diastolic blood pressure), but have no obvious effect on pulse. Intravenous injection of capsaicin or Capsicum in anesthetized cats and dogs can cause transient hypotension, bradycardia and dyspnea, which are caused by stimulation of chemoreceptors or extensional receptors in the lung and coronary arteries. It has direct excitatory effect on isolated guinea pig atrium and contractile effect on rat hind limb blood vessels.

⑤ Other functions

It has been reported in foreign countries that after eating red pepper as condiment (unknown variety) for 3 weeks, the free hydrocortisone in plasma increased significantly, the excretion in urine also increased, and the fibrinolytic activity decreased. The water decoction of the aerial part can excite the uterus of rats in vitro.

It is pungent and hot.

① Qunfang Pu: "it's very spicy. "

② Yao Kecheng's food materia medica: "it tastes pungent, warm and nontoxic. "

③ Food Taboo: "hard work, hot.". "

[Guijing] Gangmu Shiyi: "entering the heart and spleen meridians. "

[function indications] warming, dispersing cold, appetizing, digestion. Treatment of cold stagnation, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, chilblain, scabies.

① Yao Kecheng's "food Materia Medica" said: "dispel the stagnant food, relieve the stagnation of Qi, open the appetite, ward off evil, and kill all kinds of poisons. "

② "Herbal mirror": "wash cold, bath cold scabies, diarrhea large intestine cold?"?. "

③ "Medicinal properties test": "dispersing cold in the middle of warming, eliminating wind and sweating, eliminating cold addiction, and removing dampness by phlegm. "

④ Food Taboo: "warming the middle and lower Qi, dispersing cold and removing dampness, opening depression and removing phlegm, eliminating food, killing insects and detoxifying. It can cure vomiting, choke and diaphragm, stop diarrhea and dysentery, and dispel beriberi. "

⑤ "Drug inspection": "it can dispel wind and blood circulation, disperse cold and depression, guide stagnation, stop diarrhea and scrub tinea. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: take pills and powder, 3-8 points. External use: fumigation or tamping with boiling water.

[should avoid] it should not be taken in patients with Yin deficiency, excessive fire, cough and eye disease.

"Drug properties test": "eat more dizzy spin, so also. Long food hair hemorrhoids, it is painful pharyngeal swelling teeth. "

[formula selection] 1. To treat dysentery and watery diarrhea: a spicy eggplant. For the pill, in the morning hot tofu skin wrapped, swallow. (Yizong Collection)

② Treatment of malaria: capsicum seed, one capsule per year, limited to 20 capsules, three times a day, with boiled water for three to five days. (Wu County, selected prescriptions for single prescription)

③ Zhileng: peel spicy eggplant skin and stick it on. (collection of compendium)

④ Treatment of snakebite: Chew 11 or 2 pieces of spicy eggplant raw, that is, detumescence and pain relief, blister on the wound, yellow water and healing. It tastes sweet but not spicy. Or chew the wound, also detumescence pain. (hundred grass mirror)

"Spicy eggplant is hot and dispersive, and can also remove dampness. In the early winter, I occasionally eat hot sauce, which is quite palatable. Every time I eat it, I also use it to fry porridge. In a few days, my malaria will recover. Good from the chest diaphragm water, into cold phlegm, get xinyisan, so as tangwoxueer. "

[clinical application] 1

Take chili powder, Vaseline (1:1) or chili powder, Vaseline, white flour (2:3:1) and add appropriate amount of rice wine to make a paste. When using, apply it on the oil paper, stick it on the affected part, and fix it with adhesive tape. 65 cases were treated, 25 cases were effective, 23 cases were obviously effective, 1 case disappeared, 16 cases were ineffective. Most of the patients had local fever within 15-30 minutes after treatment, local burning sensation after 1 hour, and electric shock sensation in some patients. Fever and burning often last for 2-24 hours, the longest lasting for 48 hours, and there is a whole body heat and sweating, generally feel flexible joint activity after dressing, with light pleasure. Examination showed local congestion, fever, a small number of patients with skin rash and blisters.

② Treatment of general surgical inflammation

Take the old red pepper to bake and grind, sprinkle it on the affected area once a day, or use oil to make a paste for topical application once or twice a day. 557 cases of mumps, cellulitis and multiple furuncle were treated. The treatment lasted for 2 to 10 days.

③ Treat chilblain and frostbite

Take 1 liang of pepper, chop it, freeze 2 liang of wheat seedlings, add 2000-3000 ml of water, boil for 3-5 minutes, remove the residue. Soak the affected area in hot water once a day. Those who have broken should be wrapped with dressings to keep warm. In 200 cases, 188 cases were cured, 8 cases were effective and 4 cases were ineffective. The cured patients took medicine at least once, at most 11 times, and most of them were less than 5 times. The patients with ulcers have poor curative effect and pain when washing; the patients with ulcers on the face are not as satisfied as those with ulcers on the hands and feet because they are inconvenient to wash. Use 30 grams of pepper, chopped with seeds, add 250 grams of melted Vaseline, continue to boil until 10-15 minutes after rolling, filter out the pepper, then add 15 grams of camphor, mix well. Rub the affected part at the beginning of frostbite (it can not be used if it has been broken) until there is local heat sensation, 2-3 times a day.

④ Treatment of traumatic blood stasis

Dry the chilli in the sun and grind it into a very fine powder. Add it into the melted Vaseline at a ratio of 1:5 and stir evenly. When the pungent smell is detected, cool and solidify to form the ointment. It is suitable for sprains, injuries, subcutaneous swelling and joint swelling and pain caused by bumps. Apply it locally and change the dressing once a day or every other day. 12 cases were treated, 7 cases were cured, 3 cases were relieved, 2 cases had no obvious effect. The effective cases were applied 4-9 times.

Chinese PinYin : La Jiao