Poria cocos

Poria cocos

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] Fu Tu (Ben Jing), Fu Ling (Shi Ji), Fu Yu (Guang ya), Fu Ling, Fu Tu (Tang Ben Cao), Song Yu (Ji Shi Zhu), Jiang Chen Fu Tai (You Yang Za Zu), Yun Ling (Dian Hai Yu Heng Zhi), Fu Tu (Gang Mu), Song Shu, song Mu Shu, Song Ling (Guangxi Traditional Chinese medicine records).

[source] it is the dry sclerotia of Poria cocos.

[plant morphology] Poria cocos

The most common is the nucleosome. Most of them are irregular blocks, spherical, oblate, oblong or oblong, with different sizes. The smaller ones are like fists, and the larger ones are 20-30 cm in diameter or larger. The epidermis is light grayish brown or dark brown, with nodular shrinkage, and the interior is white and slightly pink. It is composed of numerous hyphae. The fruiting body is umbelliform, 0.5-2 mm in diameter, slightly dentate at the margin of the mouth; the sexual generation is not easy to see, honeycombed, usually attached to the sclerotia of the outer skin, initially white, then gradually turned to light brown, hole polygonal, basidiospore rod-shaped, basidiospore oval to cylindrical, slightly flexing, one end pointed, smooth, colorless. There is a special odor.

It is parasitic on the roots of Pinus densiflora or Pinus massoniana, which is 20-30 cm deep underground. Distributed in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shanxi and other places.

The outer part of the sclerotia (Poria cocos skin), the light red part near the outer part (red Poria cocos) and the white part with pine root in the middle of the sclerotia (Poria cocos wood) are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special article for details.

[collection] wild Poria cocos is usually collected in masson pine forest from July to march of the next year. The ground with Poria cocos generally has the following characteristics: first, there are cracks in the ground around the stumps in the pine forest, which make an empty sound when knocking; second, there are white hyphae (pink white film or pink gray shape) on the ground near the pine trees; third, there are black red horizontal cracks after the stumps are rotten; fourth, after a small rain, there are places around the stumps that dry quickly or do not grow grass. The cultivated Poria cocos are generally harvested in the second or third year after inoculation, and the quality of harvest after autumn is the best, while the quality and yield will be affected if it is too early. Processing: after the Poria cocos is unearthed, wash the soil, pile it in the corner where there is no wind, or store it in a tile jar. First, lay a layer of loose hair or straw under it, and lay the Poria cocos and straw layer by layer, and cover it with a thick sack on the top to make it sweat and release water. Then take it out, wipe off the water drops, spread it in a cool place, and sweat after the surface is dry. Repeat 3-4 times until the surface shrinks and the skin turns brown, then put it in a cool and dry place to dry completely, that is "Poria cocos". Cut system: after sweating while wet cut system, can also take dry Poria cocos soaked with water cut system. The white part inside the sclerotia of Poria cocos is cut into thin slices or small squares, that is white Poria cocos; the black skin is cut off, that is Poria cocos skin; the red part under the cortex of Poria cocos is red Poria cocos; the white part with pine root is cut into square slices, that is Poria cocos. After cutting, all kinds of finished products should be dried in the shade, not on the Kang, and should be placed in a cool place, not too dry or ventilated, so as to avoid losing viscosity or cracks.

[medicinal material] Poria cocos are spherical, oblate or irregular lumps in different sizes, weighing from two to more than ten jin. The surface is dark brown or tan, the skin is thin and rough, with obvious raised wrinkles, often with soil. Weight, hard, not easy to break; section is not flat, granular or powdery, the outer layer is light brown or light red, the inner layer is all white, a few are light brown, delicate, and visible cracks or brown pine roots and White Velvet pieces inlaid in the middle. It has no smell and sticks to the teeth. The patients with solid weight, brown skin, deep wrinkles, fine white cross-section and strong adhesive force were the best. White Poria cocos have been cut into thin slices or squares, white and delicate color and a sense of powder slippery. It is brittle and easy to break, sometimes with yellowish brown edge.

It is mainly produced in Anhui, Hubei, Henan and Yunnan. In addition, it is also produced in Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Zhejiang, Hebei and other places. The quality of Yunnan products is better than that of Anhui and Hubei.

[chemical constituents] sclerotia contains about 93% of the dry weight of β - pachyman and triterpenoids such as acetyl pachymic acid, pachymic acid and 3 β - hydroxylanosterienoic acid. In addition, it contains gum, chitin, protein, fat, sterol, lecithin, glucose, adenine, histidine, choline, β - Poria cocos glycolytic enzyme, lipase, protease, etc.

(1) diuretic effect

There was no diuretic effect of 3 g of Poria cocos decoction or its clinical dosage on healthy people. Intravenous injection of 0.048 g / kg of Poria cocos Decoction did not increase the urine volume in dogs, nor was it effective or very weak on rats. Oral administration of Poria cocos Decoction (close to the clinical dosage) did not increase the urine volume in rabbits. However, it has diuretic effect if the alcohol extract is injected into the abdominal cavity of rabbits or the water extract is used in the chronic experiment of rabbits. The decoction can promote sodium excretion in adrenalectomized rats alone or in combination with deoxycorticosterone. Therefore, the diuretic effect of Poria cocos is worthy of further study. The content of potassium in Poria cocos is 97.5 mg%, which is 0.186 mg / ml of sodium and 11.2 mg / ml of potassium in 30% decoction. Therefore, the promotion of sodium excretion by Poria cocos has nothing to do with its sodium content (because the sodium content is too low), but the increase of potassium excretion is related to its large amount of potassium salt.

Wuling powder has obvious diuretic effect in dogs with chronic ureteral fistula (intravenous injection), healthy people and rabbits (oral Decoction) and rats. It can increase the excretion of sodium, potassium and chlorine in dogs, but the main diuretic drugs in Wuling powder are Ramulus Cinnamomi, Alisma orientalis and Atractylodes macrocephala. It has also been reported that Wuling San decoction has no diuretic effect in rats when the dosage is increased to 1 g / 100 g.

② Antibacterial action

Poria cocos was not found to have antibacterial effect in the test tube. The ethanol extract can kill Leptospira in vitro, but the water decoction has no effect.

③ Effects on digestive system

Poria cocos has a direct relaxing effect on the isolated intestine of rabbits, has a preventive effect on the ulcer caused by pylorus ligation of rats, and can reduce the gastric acid.

④ Other functions

Poria cocos can reduce blood sugar, tincture and extract can inhibit isolated toad heart, ether or ethanol extract can strengthen heart contraction. It has no antiemetic effect on pigeon vomiting caused by digitalis.

[processing] Poria cocos: soak in water, wash, remove, slice and dry. Zhufuling: spray the Poria cocos with clear water, slightly moisten it, add fine cinnabar powder, spread evenly, turn it over and over again to make its surface covered with cinnabar powder, and then dry it. (each Poria cocos piece is 100 Jin, with cinnabar powder 30 Liang)

[flavor] sweet and light, flat.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes sweet and flat. "

② "The secret of indications" says that the nature is warm and the taste is weak. "

[meridian tropism] entering heart, spleen and lung meridians.

① "Tangye Materia Medica" says: "start with Dayin, and follow Dayang and Shaoyang meridians. "

② "Into the bladder, kidney and lung. "

③ "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the lung, spleen, small intestine three channels. "

④ In the book of Materia Medica, it is said that "entering the hand and foot Shaoyin, hand Taiyang, foot Taiyin and Yangming meridians. "

Functions and indications: seeping dampness and diuresis, benefiting spleen and stomach, calming heart and calming mind. It is used to treat adverse urination, edema and fullness, phlegm, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, spermatorrhea, drenching, palpitation and forgetfulness.

① Ben Jing: "it governs the chest and flank Qi, worries about Qi, frightens evil, fears palpitation, pains in the heart, chills and fever, cough, scorched mouth, dry tongue, and facilitates urination. "

② Bielu: "stop thirst, good sleep, big abdomen, drenching, phlegm water in diaphragm, edema and drenching. Open the chest, regulate the visceral Qi, cut down the kidney evil, grow Yin, replenish qi, protect the spirit and guard the center. "

③ "On medicinal properties": "appetizer, anti emesis, good peace of mind. Main lung flaccidity phlegm. It is used to treat children's convulsion, fullness of heart and abdomen, and women's fever. "

④ Rihuazi materia medica: "tonifying five labors and seven injuries, stabilizing the fetus, warming the waist and knees, promoting happiness and intelligence, stopping forgetfulness. "

⑤ "The theory of shanghanming" says: "seeping water slows the spleen. "

⑥ "Medical Qiyuan": "dehumidification, benefit between waist and umbilicus blood, and in Yiqi mainly. The treatment of yellow or red drowning is unfavorable. According to the secret of indications, it can stop diarrhea, eliminate deficiency heat, open catechu and generate fluid. "

⑦ Wang Haogu: "diarrhea bladder, spleen and stomach. It is used to treat kidney accumulation. "

⑧ Yao Zheng: "it is mainly used to treat palpitation and muscle spasm, and it is also used to treat dizziness and irritability. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 3-5 yuan; or into pills, powder.

[should avoid] it is forbidden to take it if the deficiency cold is fine and slippery or qi deficiency subsides.

① "The book of Materia Medica" says: "iris is its envoy. Evil is white. Weimumeng, Sanguisorba officinalis, realgar, Gentiana macrophylla, tortoise shell. "

② "On medicinal properties": "avoid rice vinegar. "

③ Zhang Yuanyuan: "if it's a small convenience or a few, it's harmful to people's eyes if it's served. If you sweat too much, you will lose your vitality. "

④ "Materia medica classic:" patients with kidney deficiency, small water self-interest or can not help or deficiency cold essence clear slippery, are not allowed to take. "

⑤ "Debei Materia Medica" says: "Qi deficiency, water dryness and mouth dryness are forbidden. "

[prescription selection] ① for Taiyang disease, after sweating, sweating, dry stomach, restlessness, insomnia, floating pulse, unfavorable urination, slight heat and thirst: 18 baht of Polyporus umbellatus (peeled), 126 baht of Alisma orientalis, 18 baht of Atractylodes macrocephala, 18 baht of Poria cocos, and half liang of Cinnamomum twig (peeled). On the five flavors, pound for powder. To white drink and, service square inch dagger, day three service. (Wuling powder in Treatise on Febrile Diseases)

② It can't help but cure many urinates and slippery numbers: white Poria Cocos (remove the black skin), dried yam (remove the skin, wash in alum water, and bake slowly). On the two flavors, each equally divided into fine powder. Take it with thin rice drink. (Confucianist family affairs)

③ Treatment of edema: Baishui (net) two money, Poria three money, Yu Li Ren (pestle) one money five. Fried with ginger juice. (Fu Ling Tang, I don't know medical necessity)

④ Treatment of skin water, limb swelling, moisture in the skin, limbs Nie Nie move: Fangji three Liang, Huangqi three Liang, Guizhi three Liang, Fuling six Liang, licorice two Liang

Chinese PinYin : Fu Ling