Huangyaozi

Huangyaozi

(Ben Cao Tu Jing)

Another name: Huangyao (rihuazi materia medica), huangyaogen (Kaibao materia medica), muyaozi (muyaozi) and Dagu (compendium).

[source] it is the tuber of Dioscorea zingiberensis.

[plant morphology] Huangdu (Tang materia medica), also known as Tuhuo (Tang materia medica), jinxiandiaxiamo, shancigu (a textual research on the name and reality of plants), Lingyu potato, huangxiamo, maoyingtuo, tieguatuo, Huangjin yam, jinsidiao egg, shuguaruteng, huangzuole, Tuyu, Banshu, Huaishan potato, kumaoshu, Caogou potato, tushouwu, Caogou potato, Leigong potato.

Perennial herbaceous twining vines. Tubers solitary, spherical or conic, 3-10 cm in diameter, dark black skin, dense fibrous roots. Stem cylindrical, up to several meters long, green or purple, smooth glabrous; leaf axils with purple brown spherical or oval bulbils. Leaves alternate; leaves broadly ovate, 7-22 cm long, 7-8 cm wide, apex caudate, base broadly cordate, entire, basal veins 7-9; petioles twisted, slightly shorter than leaves. The flowers are unisexual, dioecious; the florets are mostly yellow white, spike like, axillary; the flower base has bracts 2, ovate, apex acute; the male perianth 6, lanceolate, stamen 6, filament very short; the female perianth 6, lanceolate, apex blunt, ovary inferior, 3-locular, style 3-lobed. Capsule pendulous, long elliptic, with 3 membranous wings. The flowering period is from August to September. The fruit period is from September to October.

In valley, river bank, roadside or edge of mixed forest. It is distributed in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Taiwan, etc. It is cultivated in Hebei, Shandong and other places.

The bulbils of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] from the end of summer to the beginning of winter, it can be mined, and the best is from September to November. Dig out the tubers, remove the leaves, clean the soil, cut them into pieces about 1-1.5cm thick, and dry them in the sun.

[medicinal materials] the dried tubers are round or quasi round pieces, with a transverse diameter of 2.5-6 cm, a long diameter of 4-7 cm and a thickness of 0.5-1.5 cm. The surface is brown black, wrinkled, densely covered with short branch roots and yellow white round branch root marks, with micro protuberance, about 2 mm in diameter. A part of the cork falls off, and the pale yellow and smooth central column is exposed after falling off. The section is light yellow to yellowish brown, smooth or granular. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, flat or granular. It tastes bitter. It is better to have dry body, large piece, gray black skin and yellow white cross section.

It is mainly produced in Hubei, Hunan and Jiangsu. In addition, it is also produced in Hebei, Shandong, Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Fujian.

There are different records about the original plant of Dioscorea bulbifera in Materia Medica, and they are mixed with Dioscorea bulbifera. At present, the main commercial varieties of Dioscorea are the above-mentioned ones. Although they are not similar to those in most of the materia medica, they are completely consistent with the graphic and morphological description of Dioscorea in the original materia medica of Ming Dynasty. This kind of medicine has been used for a long time.

[chemical constituents] the semi-dried tuber contains about 22.5% sucrose, 0.69% reducing sugar, 2.5% starch, saponin and tannin. It also contains diosgenin (B, CB, c) and Diosgenin. The wild ones contain flavinin a, B and C. There is no diosgenin in the products sold in Nanjing, but there is a kind of crystal with melting point of 285-288 ℃, and the content is 0.2%. The content of diosgenin in Shizong samples was 1.69%, while that in Chuxiong, Lijiang, Mengzi and Cheli samples was very low. Only trace saponins were found in Indian rhizome, while 5.77% saponins were found in Brazilian rhizome.

[pharmacological action] ① effect on thyroid gland

After 4 weeks, the diet containing 2-10% Dioscorea xanthate had no effect on body weight and thyroid function (basal metabolism, thyroid weight and iodine content); Dioscorea xanthate had no effect on goiter (body weight, basal metabolic rate, thyroid weight and iodine content, serum protein bound iodine and other indicators) caused by antithyroid drugs such as thiouracil and SULFAPYRIDINE, but had no effect on 0.1% thiouracil The results showed that the weight of enlarged thyroid gland was reduced, the iodine binding of gland tissue and serum protein was increased, and the spontaneous goiter of rats was also improved. The therapeutic effect of Dioscorea opposita may be caused by iodine. The iodine content of xanthate purchased from Xiangxi is 14.3 mg per kilogram. If a patient takes 2 yuan of xanthate every day, the iodine content is about 90 micrograms, which is higher than the daily demand of human beings, it will undoubtedly increase the iodine accumulation of thyroid gland, rapidly synthesize thyroid hormone, increase the concentration of thyroid hormone in blood, inhibit the excessive secretion of thyrotropin in the anterior lobe of the vertical body, and shrink the swollen thyroid gland. However, the goiter inducing effect of potassium thiocyanate could not be relieved by using hongyaozi (the same family as huangyaozi) with high iodine content.

② Other functions

Huangyaozi tincture and decoction had inhibitory effect on isolated frog heart and in situ frog heart, and also on isolated rabbit intestine. It had excitatory effect on uterus of non pregnant rabbits and guinea pigs, and appeared tonic contraction and rhythmic contraction. The excitatory effect on uterus could be cancelled by diphenhydramine. The tincture is stronger and faster than the decoction. The acetone extract from the rhizome of Dioscorea xanthate was injected into the abdominal cavity of rats to inhibit food intake. The hemolytic index of the dried bulb was 1:30.

[processing] clean the impurities, cut off the hairs, wash them, moisten them thoroughly, then cut them into small pieces and dry them in the sun.

Bitter and smooth.

① Rihuazi materia medica: "cool. "

② Kaibao materia medica: "bitter, flat, non-toxic. "

③ "Diannan Materia Medica": "it is cold in nature and bitter in taste. "

[Guijing] Bencao Jingshu: "start Shaoyin and zujueyin meridians. "

Functions and indications: cool blood, reduce fire, eliminate gall and detoxify. For hematemesis, bleeding, throat obstruction, gall Qi, ulcers, carbuncle and rash.

① "Kaibao Materia Medica" says: "it is used to treat all kinds of diseases, such as swelling, sores, fistulas, throat obstruction, snake and dog biting poison. Take the root and take it. It also contains and spreads it. "

② The Compendium: "cool blood, reduce fire, eliminate danger and detoxify. "

③ Jiangsu Zhi Yao Zhi: "treating lumbar pain. "

[usage and dosage] oral: decoction, 1.5 ~ 3 yuan. External use: tamping or grinding.

[taboo] "Ben Cao Jing Shu" says: "carbuncle and gangrene have been ulcerated and should not be taken. When carbuncle and gangrene occur, it is not swollen, thirsty, pale in color, and the spleen and stomach discharge. This is a yin disease. Internal tonifying is urgent, followed by detoxification. Drugs like carbuncle and gangrene should be taken less, only external application. "

[prescription selection] ① to cure hematemesis: one or two huangyaozi (wanzhouzhe), mash them, use two pieces of water, fry them until one, remove the dross and take them warm. (Huangyao Decoction in Shengji Zonglu)

② Treatment of hematemesis: true pollen Typhae, dioscorea, etc. Use raw sesame oil and lick it with your tongue. (Bai Yi Xuan Fang)

③ The treatment of epistaxis is more than one: one or two pieces of yellow medicine, rammed powder. Each take two money dagger, fried donkey hide gelatin soup. For a long time, a spoonful of fresh noodles was put into it. (Huangyao powder in Shengji Zonglu)

④ Treatment of sores: four pairs of huangyaozi, as the end, apply cold water to the sores, dry and rotary application. (brief aid to all)

⑤ Treatment of tianpaoshuichuang: apply it on the end of huangyaozi. (Linhu jijianfang)

⑥ Treatment of foot carbuncle, dry alone one or two, Jianfu. Do not use more. (Zhejiang folk herbal medicine)

⑦ Treatment of wind around the throat, Yi chin swelling and chest diaphragmatic phlegm, soup does not go down: one or two xanthate, for the fine end. One dollar for each, white soup. Spit out obstinate phlegm. (bianque Xinshu huangyaozi powder)

⑧ Treatment of fever, gas attack sore throat: Yellow medicine one or two, Dilong one or two (micro fried), Ma Ya Xiao half two. Apply the medicine and pound the fine Luo powder. Use the honey water to transfer the next money. (Sheng Hui Fang)

⑨ Treatment gall gas: Yellow medicine seed a Jin, soak clean, wine a bucket of immersion. Take one every morning and evening. Avoid all poisons and don't be happy or angry. (doumenfang)

⑩ Reducing Qi to treat stomachache: Yellow medicine (fried), tangerine peel, Atractylodes lancea, Lysimachia christinae each two money, soil green wood incense one money five points. Powder or fried. (Zhejiang folk herbal medicine)

(11) treatment of fish mouth, waist and knee pain: Huang Dugen five to eight money. Take it in water. (Hunan medical records)

(12) treatment of orchitis: Huang Dugen three to five money, pig lean meat four Liang. Stew in water, take soup and meat, one dose a day. (Jiangxi herbal medicine)

Treatment of sprain: huangdugen, qiyeyizhihua (all fresh) equal amount, mash external application. (Jiangxi herbal medicine)

(14) treatment of diarrhea: at the end of the research, one money each time, swallow with boiling water. (Guizhou herbal medicine)

Treatment of hernia, goiter, suppurative inflammation: xanthate root five money to one or two. Take it in water. (Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine)

(16) treatment of scrofula: two to three Liang fresh tubers and one duck egg. Fry in water and mix some wine. (Fujian Chinese herbal medicine)

To treat pertussis. It costs three to five yuan. Rock sugar as a guide, water decocting three to five times. (Jiangxi herbal medicine manual)

[clinical application] 1

It has certain effect on all kinds of goiter. The dosage of the preparation varies from place to place, and the observation objects are also different. First, use half yellow Jen and half Jen, decoct 2 times, mix the filtrate, add 400 ml of Baijiu (no plus effective), and make 2400 milliliters. 5 milliliters, 2 times a day, after meals. Or the powder, 3 minutes a day, divided or meal. 10 days was a course of treatment, and the second and third course of treatment was performed after 3-5 days of drug withdrawal. 127 cases of endemic goiter of grade Ⅰ - Ⅳ were treated. After taking the medicine for more than a month, the neck circumference of all patients was reduced in varying degrees, and the cure rate was 67.8%. 2. Stewed with unprocessed Dioscorea, 5 yuan per day for 5-8 weeks. 25 cases of thyroid adenoma were observed. After treatment, 3 cases of thyroid adenoma disappeared completely,

Chinese PinYin : Huang Yao Zi