Bee venom

Bee venom

(Jilin Chinese herbal medicine)

[synonym] bee venom.

[source] it is the poisonous liquid in the tail stinging gland of worker bees, such as Apis cerana cerana. See "honey" for animal morphology.

[chemical constituents] the toxicity of wasp was the strongest, followed by honeybee. The toxic components of bee venom include phospholipase A, deoxygenase inhibitors and polypeptides, in which formic acid and other acids are also contained, but they are not the central component of toxicity; the bee venom also contains histamine 1.0-1.5%.

[pharmacological action] ① adrenocorticotropic hormone like effect

The contents of vitamin C and cholesterol in adrenal gland of rats stung by bee (Italian species) decreased in a parallel trend, and the decrease of vitamin C was more obvious. This effect was similar to that of injection of corticotropin. The effect of one bee venom stung on rats was equivalent to that of 4 units of corticotropin. Clinically, bee venom can treat rheumatoid arthritis, urticaria, bronchial asthma, etc. It may be due to the effective components of bee venom through pituitary adrenal system.

② Effects on central nervous system

Bee venom (2.5 mg / kg) can prolong the hypnotic effect of cyclohexane barbital, chloral hydrate and urethane in mice; the same dose can prevent convulsions caused by tolantine and nicotine, but can not resist convulsions caused by pentamethene tetrazolium.

③ Impact on circulation system

Bee venom 0.1-0.2 mg / kg intravenously injected into cats and dogs can cause the decrease of blood pressure and the acceleration of heart beat. The toxin has the cholinergic effect on the peripheral M-cholinergic receptor and the central n-cholinergic receptor, and can prevent the depressurization caused by the stimulation of vagus nerve by acetylcholine and carbamoylcholine, but has no effect on the changes of blood pressure caused by the stimulation of sympathetic nerve by genistein and epinephrine Ring. After removing the stimulating part of bee venom (forgenin and apieur), the blood vessels were slightly dilated during perfusing rabbit ears in vivo. The outflow fluid could inhibit the isolated frog heart, but intravenous injection had no effect on the heart of rabbits in situ. It had pressor effect on rabbits treated with atropine and made the rabbit blood cells dissolve.

④ Effect on digestive system

Melissin, a bee venom preparation, does not increase the amount of digestive juice, but can reduce the secretion of gastric juice caused by food and weaken the activity. This effect is mainly due to the neural mechanism and can be used in patients with hypersecretion of gastric juice. Bee venom can increase the tension of isolated rat intestine, which can be antagonized by papaverine and antispasmodin, but not by atropine.

⑤ Other functions

Bee venom has analgesic effect and can be used for various kinds of neuralgia. The growth of bacteria can be inhibited by 1:50000 aqueous solution of bee venom. Because it can improve the body's defense function, it can promote the recovery of the sick body. It has been used in subacute lupus erythematosus. Forgenin and apicur had paralytic effects on frog motor nerve endings and rabbit cornea.

⑥ Toxic reaction caused by bee venom

A local reaction: bee stings the body, causing pain, blistering, burning, swelling and other inflammatory reactions, bee venom coated on the whole skin, does not play any role, but causes a significant reaction to the mucous membrane; bee venom into the gastrointestinal tract, quickly decomposed by enzymes and lose toxicity, so clinical application should not be oral. 2. Systemic reaction: it depends on the amount of bee venom and the sensitivity of the body. Bee venom, like snake venom, can damage the vascular endothelium and cause most visceral bleeding (dissecting the mice died of bee venom). Its 1:300000 ratio shows hemolysis, and can cause the relaxation of capillaries, arterioles and venules, especially visceral vessels. In addition, it can inhibit the vascular motor center and produce hypotension. The toxicity of bee venom to the nervous system is manifested in the occurrence of paroxysmal spasm and tonic spasm in animals, followed by paralysis, respiratory arrest and death. The median lethal dose of bee venom was 18.3 ± 0.92 mg / kg subcutaneously and 3 ± 0.41 mg / kg intraperitoneally in mice, and 31.5 ± 6.7 mg / kg subcutaneously and 7.5 ± 0.34 mg / kg intraperitoneally in rats. (3) local skin itching, dizziness, nausea, general weakness, pulse speed, elevated body temperature and drowsiness may occur during clinical use; women, children and the elderly are more sensitive to bee venom, generally only 200-300 bee stings can cause toxic symptoms, and 500 bee stings can cause death; however, for those allergic to bee venom, only one bee sting can cause systemic reaction; the blood of beekeepers can produce toxic substances, Even if a large number of bees sting, there is no response. Siyou thinks that bee venom, like histamine, can promote the secretion of gastric juice, as well as the reaction to heart, respiration, blood pressure, isolated intestine, uterus and skin blood vessels. The free formaldehyde content in the extract of 500 bee venom sacs with 5ml distilled water is 1.25022g/100ml. Both bee venom and methylaldehyde can destroy blood cells and dissolve Paramecium cells. If the free acid in bee venom is neutralized, the above-mentioned effect will be eliminated Therefore, from the chemical and biological reaction of bee venom, its effect is related to formaldehyde and histamine.

[function and indications] 1. Herbal medicine: "it is effective for bronchial wheezing, thyroid abscess, some hypertension, rheumatism and abscess."

② Jilin Chinese herbal medicine: "dispelling wind and dampness. For rheumatoid arthritis. "

[taboo] bee venom is forbidden for tuberculosis, diabetes, congenital heart disease, atherosclerosis and venereal diseases. Children and the elderly are extremely sensitive to bee venom, which should also be paid attention to.

[clinical application] bee venom is a folk therapy with a long history. The original method is to catch bees directly sting on the surface of the skin, and then remove the sting after the venom in the venom sac is discharged (about 3-5 minutes). The procedure of this method is complicated, and there is severe local pain, so it is necessary to use procaine for local infiltration anesthesia in advance. In modern times, bee venom therapy uses pre prepared bee venom water or oil for intradermal injection. The course of intracutaneous injection is 200 bee venom. At the beginning, 1 bee venom (about 0.1 ml) is injected intracutaneously. If there is no adverse reaction, it can be increased by 1 bee venom every other day until 10 bee venom is injected once. Then according to the patient's condition, the maintenance dose is applied, 3-6 bee venom every other day, once every other day until the total amount reaches 200 bee venom. The whole process takes about 3 months. The injection site can be the skin on both upper arms or the back of thighs According to the principle of acupoints, acupoint injection can be performed. It has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma, erythema nodosum, wind heat, rheumatic heart disease, urticaria, angioneurotic edema, allergic rhinitis, gout, Meniere's syndrome, sciatica, hyperthyroidism, neurosis, lumbosacral radicitis, iridocyclitis, sensory nerve disorder, and unknown causes There are more than 100 cases of arthralgia, all of which have different degrees of curative effect. For example, 94 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, 23 cases of obvious progress; 29 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, 6 cases of obvious progress; bronchial asthma, 6 cases of obvious progress. Side effects: a few minutes or dozens of minutes after injection to observe the whole body rubella block, or dizziness, nausea, pulse speed, high temperature, rest for dozens of minutes or hours can be recovered; local reactions are swelling, itching, pain, swelling within 1-10 cm in diameter, do not need special treatment, about 1-3 days can subside, if the diameter is more than 10 cm, it is not suitable for bee venom treatment .

Chinese PinYin : Feng Du