Ilex latifolia

Ilex latifolia

(notes on materia medica)

[synonym] sijiqingye (Jiangsu).

[source] it is the leaves of Ilex latifolia, which belongs to the family ileaceae. The plant morphology is detailed in the section "Ilex latifolia".

[chemical constituents] the leaves contain two antimicrobial components, one of which is protocatechuic acid, the other contains volatile oil and flavonoids.

[nature and taste] Jiangxi herbal medicine: "bitter and astringent, cold. "

[function and indications] it is used to treat scald, long-term disunion of ulcer, occlusive vasculitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bacillary dysentery, traumatic bleeding, frostbite and chapped.

① The book of materia medica: "burn ash, apply it with facial ointment, it has a special effect on treating chaps, and it can also eliminate scars and defects. "

② Jiangxi herbal medicine: "cooling blood to stop bleeding. The treatment of traumatic bleeding, fresh leaves tamping. "

[usage and dosage] external use: it is made into emulsion and plaster. Oral administration: take concentrated decoction into liquid extract.

[clinical application] 1

It can make it scab quickly, reduce exudation, control infection, prevent shock and early sepsis to a certain extent, promote wound healing, shorten the course of treatment and improve the cure rate. According to the observation of 197 cases, 178 cases were cured (including 5 cases with burn area over 70%), 19 cases died. The average days of wound healing were 14.5 days in Ⅱ degree (including deep Ⅱ degree and shallow Ⅱ degree) and 36 days in Ⅲ degree.

Commonly used formulations: water for wound coating or spray (1 grams per milliliter equivalent to raw medicine); emulsion for impregnated gauze covering planing surface (not suitable for early burns of phosphorus burn). There are two kinds of emulsions: No.1 emulsion is equivalent to 900 grams of dry crude drug per 500 ml, No.2 emulsion is equivalent to 300 grams of dry crude drug per 500 ml; cold cream is used to treat III degree eschar and late residual wound; syrup for internal use (1 gram of dry crude drug per ml) and injection (2 or 4 grams of dry crude drug per ml).

Treatment: shallow second degree burns, coated with water or sprayed on the wound, quickly formed Brown scab in about 1~2 hours, and began to grow new skin around 1 weeks, and the scab gradually shedded and healed. Even if a small number of patients have the phenomenon of liquefaction under the scab, as long as the scab is removed in time and coated or sprayed repeatedly, the epidermis can normally be regenerated within 1~2 weeks, and the wound will heal. Deep Ⅱ degree burns are exposed with water spray, usually 2 hours later, the wound surface forms a scab film; it can also be wrapped with No. 1 emulsion gauze, and after two days, a black scab film is formed, and then exposed. Most of the scabs were removed within 14-21 days and healed in the first stage. If there is liquefaction under the scab, the scab membrane should be removed immediately. The wound was covered with No.2 emulsion gauze and exposed after drying with electric light (called semi exposure). The wound healed in about 21 days. If there is infection under the scab and there is a lot of pus, after removing the scab, wet compress with 10% Sijiqing normal saline for 1-2 days. When the infection is basically controlled and the pus disappears, cover it with No. 2 emulsion gauze and dry it with electric light. It can also heal in about 21 days without changing dressing every day. If it is difficult to use semi exposure method, No. II emulsion can be used for dressing change. Burn wounds with deep degree II and degree III should be bandaged with No. II emulsion in the early stage. After two days, a black scab can be formed, and then exposed to keep the wound dry without pressure. About 3 weeks after burn, the scab membrane can fall off and heal under the scab. At this time, the deep Ⅱ degree wound healed spontaneously, while the Ⅲ degree wound presented fresh granulation, which could be eliminated by small piece skin grafting.

Through repeated practice, the main therapeutic effects of Sijiqing on burn are as follows: 1. Protecting the wound surface: after Sijiqing is applied to II ° and mixed degree wounds, a complete protective scab membrane is formed quickly, which prevents a large amount of early wound exudation, is conducive to the prevention and treatment of shock, prevents the invasion of foreign bacteria, and avoids the increase of wound depth caused by wound infection It plays a positive role in preventing early sepsis. This kind of scab film has light water absorption, which can make a small amount of secretions under the scab film adsorb on the scab film. By electric light drying, the occurrence of effusion under the scab film is reduced, which is not conducive to the reproduction of bacteria. Second, infection control: Sijiqing has a good effect on the control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The results of 249 times of wound culture in 64 patients showed that the infection rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was lower than that of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Among the 24 cases of sepsis, only 4 cases were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition to local application, oral or injection of Sijiqing can also control systemic infection. In different stages of burn wound, different dosage forms of drugs must be used to effectively promote wound healing and improve the cure rate. There are tannins in Sijiqing, but its toxicity is very low and it has no obvious damage to the liver.

In addition, the following problems still exist in the application of Sijiqing in the treatment of burn: first, there is a transient irritating pain in the early application of water or emulsion; second, the scab formed after the application of Sijiqing is brownish black or black, which makes it difficult to judge the depth of burn and affects further observation and treatment; third, Sijiqing has no effect on promoting the growth of skin, so escharectomy is still needed for the third degree wound Skin grafting or stamp like skin grafting of advanced granulation wound can eliminate the wound.

② Treatment of lower limb ulcer

Concentrated Sijiqing liquid and cod liver oil were used to make emulsion for external use, and the dressing was changed once a day. To general area is small and shallow ulcer, use emulsion coating only, add disinfection gauze to bandage, till cure. If the wound surface is clean after emulsion treatment, but the rate of epidermal neogenesis is not fast, or there is necrosis in the wound surface, "Dongfang No.1" ointment (a Chinese herbal medicine preparation made by Nantong pharmaceutical factory) is used for external application once a day until recovery. For patients with large ulcer area but fresh granulation, stamp like skin grafting was performed when the wound was cleaned quickly after treatment with Sijiqing emulsion for about one week. Most of the patients were cured after primary healing. For patients with large and deep ulcer area, long course of disease, necrotic tissue or ulcer granulation hyperplasia on the surface, or even osteomyelitis, when the wound surface is relatively clean after treatment with Sijiqing emulsion, "Dongfang No.1" is used to remove necrotic tissue and promote epidermal regeneration; after the wound surface is completely clean, stamp like skin grafting is performed. The patients with osteomyelitis were treated with other systemic anti bacterial drugs. More than 800 cases were treated and 445 cases were cured. The cure time was mostly from January to February. Practice has proved that Sijiqing liquid has a strong astringent effect, which can make the wound converge and dry quickly; at the same time, it has a strong inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, proteus, hemolytic streptococcus and Escherichia coli, so as to effectively control the wound exudation and bacterial infection. Combined with "Dongfang No.1" ointment, which has the function of "lifting pus and pulling out poison, dispelling putrefaction and generating Ji", it can accelerate the healing of lower leg ulcer wound. For large and deep wounds, combined with stamp shaped skin grafting therapy can promote early wound healing.

③ Treatment of leprosy ulcer

The wounds were coated with Sijiqing emulsion and bandaged with sterile gauze. The dressing was changed once a day. Generally, after 5-10 days, the wound surface is clean and the granulation is fresh, then stamp skin grafting can be carried out. According to the follow-up of 84 cases for more than 3 months, 90% of them were completely cured, 3 cases were mostly cured, and the effective rate was 94%. Among them, 7 cases were cured by external application of Sijiqing emulsion. The ineffective cases were due to insufficient wound treatment, necrotic tissue, fistula and dead bone. The therapeutic effect of Sijiqing is also considered to play a role through bacteriostasis and convergence.

④ Prevention and treatment of orthopedic infection

Sijiqing injection (4 grams of crude drug per milliliter) was injected intramuscularly for adults, twice a day, with children's discretion. Patients with severe infection were given intravenous drip. The course of prophylactic medication was 7-10 days, and the treatment should be continued until the condition was stable. 28 cases of open fracture and osteopathy were treated with Sijiqing to prevent infection after operation. Results 27 cases had good effect. It was used to treat 8 cases of infection such as osteomyelitis. Results 6 cases had good effect.

⑤ Treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans

Sijiqing injection (2 g or 4 g of crude drug per milliliter) has significant anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, detumescence and analgesic effects in the treatment of vasculitis, and can better control its toxic symptoms. Usage: for severe toxemia, large dose (usually 60-80 g crude drug / day, at most 144 g crude drug / day) is given intravenously; for fever cases, 8 g crude drug is injected intramuscularly every 6-8 hours, and the dosage is gradually reduced with the decrease of body temperature; for local inflammatory edema cases, 16 g crude drug can be injected intramuscularly twice a day.

⑥ Treatment of upper respiratory tract infection

Twenty two cases of children with upper fever were treated with Sijiqing injection. The results showed that 63% of them had significant effect. No matter the peripheral hemogram is high or low, fever can return to normal after 1-2 days. Usage: intramuscular injection, 2 ml for 1-5 years old and 4 ml for 6-10 years old, twice a day. It was also used to treat 78 cases of cold and tonsillitis. The results showed that except 2 cases were invalid, the others were cured or improved.

⑦ Treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis

Sijiqing injection has a good effect on the control of acute bronchitis. The acupoints of Dingchuan, Feishu and Feire were used for injection (2-3 acupoints for each scan, 0.5 ml for each point, 10 times for a course of treatment). It also has certain curative effect on chronic bronchitis. According to the observation of 12 cases, after a course of treatment, they were improved in varying degrees. Two pairs of Sijiqing and one pair of Folium Isatidis were used to make a 90 mL decoction, which was taken by adults three times a day,

Chinese PinYin : Dong Qing Ye