Betel nut

Betel nut

(medicine record by Li dangzhi)

[synonyms] Ren pin (Shanglin Fu), bin men (Li dangzhi's Yao Lu), bin men Yao Shu (Nanfang Cao Mu Xing), Bai Binglang (theory of medicinal properties), olive (dietotherapy materia medica), Binglang Ren (waitai), ximiadan (Hou Ningji's Yao PU), Da Bu Zi (Ling Biao Lu Yi), Da Fu Binglang (Ben Cao Tu Jing), Binglang Zi (compendium), Ma Jinnan (Huajing), Qingzai (taxonomy of Chinese trees), betelnut jade and Langyu (records of traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the seed of Areca catechu.

[plant morphology] betel nut

Arbor, 10-18 m high, unbranched, leaves falling behind, forming obvious ring. Leaves clustered at the top; pinnate compound leaves, 1.3-2 m long, smooth, 3-angled leaf axis, lanceolate, linear or linear leaflets, 30-70 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, narrow base, apex leaflets healed, irregularly divided. Inflorescence is located at the base of the leaves of the lowest leaf, with large spathe like bracts, long obovate, 40 cm long, smooth, and many branches; flowers are unisexual, monoecious; male flowers are small, mostly sessile, close to the upper part of the branches, usually solitary, rarely opposite, calyx 3, thick and thin, petals 3, ovate oblong, 5-6 mm long, stamens 6, filaments short, anthers basifixed, receding Pistil 3, filiform; female flower larger and less, sessile, inserted on inflorescence axis or branch base, calyx 3, oblong ovate, 12-15 mm long. Nut ovoid or oblong, 5-6 cm long, calyx and petals persistent, ripe red. It blooms twice a year from March to August, and does not bear fruit in winter. The fruit period is from December to February next year.

Distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong and other places.

The male flower bud (Areca catechu), immature fruit (Areca jujuba) and pericarp (pericarp) of this plant are also used for medicine.

[collection] the fruits are harvested in winter and spring when they are ripe. Take off the fruit, peel off the peel, take the seeds and dry them in the sun.

[medicinal materials] the dried seeds are cone-shaped or oblate, 1.5-3 cm high, 2-3 cm in diameter at the base, light yellowish brown or yellowish brown on the surface, rough, with light net shaped concave lines, and occasionally with silver patchy endocarp attached. There is a round concave micropyle in the center of the base and a pale scar like hilum beside it. In the longitudinal section, the brown seed coat on the outer edge is folded inward and interlaced with the Milky endosperm to form marbling pattern. There is a small embryo inside the micropyle at the base, which is usually brown, dry and shriveled. Without Qi, it tastes astringent and slightly bitter. The fruit with large weight, solid and unbroken is better.

It is mainly produced in Guangdong, Yunnan, Taiwan, Guangxi and Fujian. Overseas, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka and the Philippines have the largest real estate volume.

[chemical constituents] Areca catechu contains 0.3-0.6% alkaloids, 15% condensed tannins, 14% fat and areca red pigment. The main alkaloid is arecoline with the content of 0.1-0.5%; the rest are arecoline, demethylarecoline, demethylarecoline, arecoline, homoarecoline, etc. The content of bio alkali in raw areca nut is higher than that in processed products.

The endosperm of Areca catechu contains catechin, anthocyanin and their polymers.

The composition of areca nut oil is: lauric acid 19.5%, myristic acid 46.2%, palmitic acid 12.7%, stearic acid 1.6%, decanoic acid 0.3%, oleic acid 6.2%, linoleic acid 5.4%, dodecenoic acid 0.3%, tetradecenoic acid 7.2%. The content of free amino acids in betel nut was more than 15% of proline, more than 10% of tyrosine, phenylalanine and arginine.

[pharmacological action] 1

Arecoline is an effective insect repellent. It can paralyze all parts of Taenia solium, but it can paralyze the head and immature segments of Taenia solium, but has little effect on the middle and posterior segments. In vitro test also had paralytic effect on Enterobius vermicularis. Arecoline can also poison Ascaris lumbricoides, but has no effect on hookworm. The decoction of areca nut mixed with realgar, cinnamon and ferula has a certain preventive effect on schistosomiasis in mice, but it has no effect on schistosomiasis in mice when used together with Hemerocallis fulva root, Coptis chinensis and Radix Aucklandiae.

② Antifungal and viral effects

The results showed that the aqueous extract could inhibit Trichophyton violaceum and other skin fungi in vitro. The anti-virus effect of the decoction and water extract may be related to the tannins contained in them.

③ Effect on cholinergic receptor

The effect of arecoline is similar to pilocarpine. Arecoline can stimulate M-cholinergic receptor, increase gland secretion, especially saliva secretion, reduce pupil, increase intestinal peristalsis, constrict bronchus, slow down heart rate, cause vasodilation, decrease blood pressure, and cause coronary artery contraction in rabbits. 1% solution for glaucoma can reduce intraocular pressure, but the effect lasts for a short time, and has obvious irritation to the cornea. Due to the increase of smooth peristalsis, the paralyzed cestode is expelled. It can also stimulate n-cholinergic receptors, such as skeletal muscle, ganglion and carotid body. It also has cholinergic effect on the central nervous system. Intravenous injection of a small amount of arecoline can cause cortical wake-up reaction in cats, and atropine can reduce or block this effect.

④ Other functions

Arecoline can inhibit the general activity of mice, and improve the decrease of activity and memory impairment caused by chlorpromazine. It has been proved that betel nut contains carcinogen to human. Usually chewing betel nut has taste loss, appetite increase, teeth easy to shake, diarrhea is less, sore throat is also less, and can cure abdominal pain, may be due to containing a lot of tannins. In addition, arecoline has less intestinal parasites and less thirst, which may be related to the effect of arecoline.

[toxicity] excessive arecoline can cause salivation, vomiting, diuresis, drowsiness and convulsion. If it is caused by oral administration, potassium permanganate solution can be used for gastric lavage and atropine injection.

[processing] betel nut: remove impurities, soak in clean water, change water according to the air temperature until soaking, pick up, slice and dry. Or pick up the net betel nut broken, such as beans big, also can. Stir fry betel nut: put betel nut slices in a pot, stir fry gently until slightly discolored, take out and let cool. Scorched betel nut: stir fry the betel nut slices to scorched yellow, spray with water, take out and cool.

① "Lei Gong Paozhi Lun:" to make betel nut, first scrape the bottom with a knife and cut it carefully. Don't go through the fire. I'm afraid it won't work. If you are familiar with it, it is better not to use it. "

② "Ben Cao Shu": "betel nut is used for emergency treatment, but it can't be used through fire. Slow treatment, slightly fried or cooked in vinegar. "

Bitter, pungent and warm.

① Bielu: "it tastes pungent, warm and nontoxic. "

② "Compendium": "bitter, pungent, warm, astringent, non-toxic. "

[channel tropism] into the spleen, stomach and large intestine.

① "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": "into the stomach, large intestine two channels. "

② "Ben Cao Hui Yan": "start with Taiyin, Yangming, and follow Yangming Sutra. "

③ New edition of materia medica: "entering spleen, stomach, large intestine and lung four meridians. "

④ According to the interpretation of Materia Medica classic, the liver meridian of foot Jueyin, the heart meridian of hand Shaoyin, the stomach meridian of Foot Yangming, and the large intestine meridian of hand Yangming. "

[function indications] kill insects, break accumulation, lower Qi and move water. It is used to treat insect accumulation, food stagnation, abdominal distension and pain, diarrhea, malaria, edema, beriberi, phlegm addiction and knots.

① Bielu: "he can eliminate the valley and water, eliminate phlegm addiction, kill three insects, and cure cunbai. "

② According to the theory of medicinal properties, "Xuanli can promote the stagnation of the five zang organs and six Fu organs, break the firmness and fill the Qi, and lower the edema. Treatment of heartache, wind blood accumulation. "

③ Tang materia medica: "it can control abdominal distension, take raw and mashed food, and benefit water and grain. Apply sores, give birth to muscles and relieve pain. Burn for ash, the main tone white sore. "

④ "On beriberi": "it is used to treat beriberi and edema. "

⑤ "Haiyao Materia Medica": "it is mainly responsible for the Qi of the dolphin, the five diaphragm Qi, the wind and cold air, and the food can not be consumed. "

⑥ According to rihuazi Materia Medica, "in addition to all wind, lower all Qi, dredge joints, benefit nine orifices, tonify five labors and seven injuries, strengthen the spleen, regulate the middle, remove vexation, break all knots, lower five diaphragm Qi. "

⑦ Qiyuan of Medicine: "after treatment, we should pay more attention to it.". "

⑧ Wang Haogu: "it's a disease to treat the Chong pulse, and the Qi is conversed and urgent in the interior. "

⑨ "Compendium": "severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation and constipation, phlegm and asthma. It can cure all kinds of malaria. "

⑩ Bencao tongxuan: "stop malaria and treat hernia. "

(11) according to the Diet Manual of suixiju, it is said that "xuanzhi can break the hardness, calm the pain and the middle, dredge the intestines and remove the water, and make the poison of fat and sweet. And can firm teeth, solution breath. "

(12) modern practical Chinese medicine: "it has the functions of invigorating the stomach, astringency and diarrhea. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoct soup, 1.5-3 yuan (for example, 2-3 Liang can be used for insect repellent alone), or put into pill or powder. External use: decoct and wash or grind the powder and apply.

[avoid] take it carefully when Qi deficiency subsides.

① "Dietotherapy Materia Medica": "eat more and get fever. "

② The classic of materia medica: "the disease belongs to Qi deficiency. It is not suitable for those with spleen and stomach deficiency and stagnation; it is not suitable for those with heart and abdomen pain and without knot or insect attack; it is not suitable for those with disease other than mountain haze and miasma. If the disease is due to deficiency of both yin and Yang, deficiency of middle Qi, but not stagnation of intestines and stomach, and fullness of food, it should be avoided. "

③ According to the classic Fengyuan, it is not applicable to diarrhea and malarial dysentery. "

[selection] 1. To cure cunbaichong: 27 betel nuts. I'll take the screen. Water two and a half liters, first boil its skin, take a liter and a half, to dross namo, frequent clothing warm lying, insects out. If you can't get out, you'd better take it and stop it. Stay away from food and take it. (Qian Jin Fang)

② Treatment of insects in the viscera for a long time is not long: betel nut half two (gun) for the end. Each take two money, take one money with congmi decoction. (Sheng Hui Fang)

③ Treatment of food stuffy into phlegm saliva vomiting: betel nut, pinellia, Amomum, radish, malt

Chinese PinYin : Bin Lang