The Miao costumes

The Miao costumes

Miao people, who call themselves xiongb, hmub, hmongb, etc., or Miao or Hmong in English, are an international ethnic group originated in China. In the 2010 census, they are mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Sichuan, Hainan, Guangxi and other provinces (regions). There are many styles of Miao costumes. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 200 styles with a long span of time.

Miao costumes are mainly composed of children's clothes, casual clothes and full dress. Full dress is called "Ou Qian GA gei Xi" in Miao language, which means "Sheng Di clothes". Ou Qian Tao is called "Yin Yi" in Miao language, which means "silver clothes", with pleated skirt under and apron around. Miao area of Xiangxi dialect and Miao area of Qiandong dialect prefer silver ornaments, some areas of Qiannan prefer shellfish ornaments, while Miao clothing of Western dialect area is less silver ornaments. Silver ornaments, Miao embroidery and batik are the main features of Miao costumes.

In 2006, the Miao costumes declared by Baoshan City of Yunnan Province were listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list (category: folk custom; number: X - 65) with the approval of the State Council.

Clothing Introduction

Leishan Miao costumes are colorful. These colorful clothing inscriptions carry the nation's historical changes after suffering, the longing for a better life and the concentration of living environment from ancient times to the present. Historians call it "the history book on the body."

There are more than 100 kinds of Miao costumes in Western Hunan.

In 2006, the Miao costumes declared by Baoshan City of Yunnan Province were listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list (category: folk custom; number: X - 65) with the approval of the State Council.

Xiangxi type is popular in Xiangxi Prefecture of Hunan Province and the border area of Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Hubei provinces. The ancient custom of men and women storing their hair in a bun has disappeared. Today, I am wearing a round neck and short skirt.

It is popular in Southeast Guizhou. Men's clothes are mostly blue cloth clothes and trousers, with green headdress. The basic style of women's clothing is the cross collar top and pleated skirt, and the material is green earth cloth.

It is prevalent in central and Southern Guizhou and the junction of Guizhou, Guangxi and Yunnan. Women's top is usually covered with collar, back handkerchief and so on, with a blue pleated skirt and batik skirt under it.

Hainan type, popular in Hainan Province. Women's wear is mostly right side Lapel blue cloth long shirt, batik cloth skirt, less floral.

The color and decoration of Miao men's clothes are monotonous, not as bright and rich as women's clothes. Women's dress can be divided into casual dress and full dress. Casual dress is usually worn, and its color pattern and decoration is not as bright as the wedding dress.

If silver jewelry is the representative symbol of Miao women, then clothing represents the unique works of art of Miao family.

Miao costumes are famous for their dazzling colors, complicated decorations and intriguing cultural connotations. Miao clothing pattern carries the historical responsibility of inheriting the national culture, so it has the expression function of the text part. Due to the long history, the text function and the specific meaning of these patterns are also covered with mysterious color, which is also the unique charm of Miao costume patterns.

Miao costume pattern is a decorative art developed with the development of Miao costume. It is still used in daily clothing and daily necessities, and has the characteristics of combining practical function and aesthetic function. It is endowed with rich and colorful connotation and significance of inheriting national tradition, commemorating ancestors and inheriting ancestral precepts. The significance and origin behind these patterns represent the development of Miao people Perceptual experience and interpretation of the objective world.

Miao costume has a long history. Due to historical reasons, Miao costumes have not been recorded by any historical materials. However, from the cultural connotation represented by the Miao costume design symbols, the Miao costume has a history of thousands of years.

Although the Miao nationality has no literature of its own, with a strong sense of identity and oral teaching from generation to generation, the Miao nationality's clothing is known as the "wordless history book" and the clothing worn on the body History books.

"Ou owe GA gei Xi" -- Shengdi embroidered garment is the most representative pattern in the white washed Miao costume, which is composed of two types of "Ou owe character" and "Ou owe flash", Hanze "Red Embroidered Flower" and "dark bottom and dark flower garment". There is no embroidery on the back of both, and other patterns are the same as "Ou Qian GA gei Xi". However, the most frequently changed pattern of clothing pattern is "throwing power dial" - sleeve flower, which is mainly arranged in various geometric figures. In different geometric figures, various patterns are embroidered to form many different names of "throwing power dial" - sleeve flower.

characteristic

Miao clothing is also called Miao clothing. There are no less than 200 kinds of Miao clothing in Southeast Guizhou. It is the clothing of Miao people in China and the world.

On the whole, Miao costumes maintain the traditional Chinese folk techniques of weaving, embroidery, picking and dyeing. They often use one of the main techniques, and at the same time, they also use other techniques, such as picking with embroidery, dyeing with embroidery, or weaving with embroidery, so as to make these flowers colorful and show distinctive national artistic characteristics.

From the content point of view, most of the clothing patterns are based on various living images in daily life, which play an important role in expressing the meaning and identifying the race, branch and language. These image records are called "epic wearing on the body" by experts and scholars. From the modeling point of view, it adopts the traditional Chinese line drawing style or almost line drawing style, with single line as the outline of the pattern. From the perspective of production skills, the five styles in the history of clothing development, namely weaving style, sewing style, splicing style and tailoring style, are all examples in Miao clothing in Southeast Guizhou, with clear historical hierarchy, which can be called the exhibition hall of clothing production history. From the perspective of color, they are good at choosing a variety of strong contrast colors, and strive to pursue the rich and heavy gorgeous feeling of colors, generally red, black, white, yellow and blue. From the composition point of view, it does not emphasize the theme, only focus on the overall sense of clothing to adapt to the requirements. From a formal point of view, it can be divided into full dress and casual dress.