Double Ninth Festival (Chong Yang Jie)

Section name

Double Ninth Festival

The name of "Double Ninth Festival" comes from the ancient book "book of changes" in which "Yang is nine". In the book of changes, the "six" is defined as Yin number, the "Nine" as Yang number, and also as "pole number", which means that the height of the sky is "nine times". "Nine" refers to the old Yang, which is the number of anodes. When the numbers of two anodes are combined, nine and nine return to one, one yuan starts and everything is renewed. Therefore, the ancients believed that the Double Ninth Festival was an auspicious day worthy of celebration. In ancient times, there was a custom of feasting and praying for longevity. On the ninth day of September, both the day and the month meet nine, which is called "Double Ninth", so it is called "Double Ninth". At the same time, it is the combination of two Yang numbers, so it is called "Double Ninth". Zhang Dai in the Ming Dynasty wrote "night boat" and said: "nine is the number of Yang, and its day corresponds to the month, so it is called 'Double Ninth Festival'."

Ancestor worship Festival

Double Ninth Festival, new year's Eve, Spring Festival, Tomb Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and July and a half are traditional Chinese festivals for ancestor worship. Ancestor worship is a major theme of the main festivals. Ancient China belongs to an agricultural society. Agricultural civilization is a form of civilization that attaches great importance to ancestral experience. Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has had the concept of respecting ancestors and pursuing the future carefully. It has the custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors on New Year's festivals to show filial piety and never forget the root.

Mountain Climbing Festival

In ancient times, there was a custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival, so the Double Ninth Festival is also called "Climbing Festival". The Double Ninth Festival climbing custom stems from the climate characteristics at this time and the ancients' worship of mountains. The custom of "climbing high" on the Double Ninth Festival is also intrinsically related to the Taoist "rise to heaven and become an immortal" on September 9. In Taoist culture, the Double Ninth Festival on the ninth day of September is the best time to "rise to heaven and become an immortal", so Taoist legends often choose "rise to heaven and become an immortal" on September 9. Taoism believes that on this day, the clear air rises and the turbid air sinks. The higher the terrain, the more clear air accumulates, and you can take the clear air to rise to the sky.

Respect for the elderly

In modern times, the ninth day of September was given a new meaning of respecting the elderly. Because "Nine" is the largest number in the number, and nine is a long-standing homonym, so nine goes up and nine and nine Double Ninth Festival, which contains the metaphor of long-standing, longevity and dignity. In the folk custom concept, "Nine" is the largest number in the number, and "Nine" is homonymous with "Jiujiu", so it is endowed with the meaning of everlasting, long life, health and longevity.

origin

Harvest worship

The origin of the Double Ninth Festival can be traced back to ancient times. It is said that the Double Ninth Festival was the day when emperor yuan got his way. The existing written records on the customs and activities of the Double Ninth Festival were first found in the spring and Autumn Annals of the Lu family: "in September, I ordered my family to slaughter and prepare for farming. There are five important points. The collection of the books of the Tibetan emperor in the shencang is only to be respected and ordered. It is also a day to offer great gifts to the emperor, taste sacrifices and report to the son of heaven." It can be seen that there were activities to offer sacrifices to the emperor of heaven and ancestors at the autumn harvest of crops in September to thank the emperor of heaven and ancestors for their kindness. This is the original form of Double Ninth Festival as a sacrificial activity in ancient times. At the same time, there are large-scale catering and banquet activities, which developed from the banquet celebrating the harvest in the Pre-Qin Dynasty. Worshipping gods and ancestors, seeking longevity, drinking and feasting constitute the basic contents of the Double Ninth Festival.

Sacrifice to "fire" (Antares II)

One of the archetypes of the Double Ninth Festival is the ancient ritual of sacrificing the "fire". "Fire" (Antares II) is the time coordinate used by the ancients to determine the identification of seasonal production and seasonal life. In ancient times, according to the track and position of the sun, moon and stars, people divided the stars near the ecliptic into 28 groups, commonly known as "28 constellations". In the East, the horn, Kang, Di, Fang, Xin, Wei and Ji form a complete dragon shaped Astrology (Canglong Qisu). At the beginning of farming in spring, the green dragon Qisu began to rise slowly in the eastern night sky, and the first thing to show is the bright dragon head - Jiaosu; In summer, crops grow, and Canglong seven nights hang high in the southern night sky; In the autumn, the crops had a good harvest, and the green dragon seven nights began to fall and retreat in the West; In winter, everything is hidden, and the green dragon seven nights are hidden below the northern horizon. In autumn, "fire" (Antares II) retreats, and the dormancy of the God of fire means the arrival of a long winter. Therefore, in autumn, "fire" retreats, people should hold corresponding farewell ceremonies. With the development of society, people have a new understanding of the season, and the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the God of fire in September has gradually declined. Although the situation of sacrificial rites in ancient times is remote and difficult to know, some traces of ancient customs can still be found in the custom of offering sacrifices to stoves on the Double Ninth Festival (the God of fire at home) in some areas of the south of the Yangtze River.

The common branches and branches of the ancient era are calculated according to the sequence of twelve local branches. The first month is Jianyin, the ninth month is Xuyue, Xuyue is the fire storehouse, and Xuyue fire is put into storage. Xu reigned in the northwest and was in the qiangua of Luoshu. The "big fire" (Antares II) in autumn and Xuyue retreated to the ground in the north by west direction with several stars in front of the Canglong stars. Qian Gua in the book of changes: when you use nine, you can see that the dragons have no head and are lucky. In traditional culture, the Double Ninth Festival in autumn and the retreat of "fire" are in the transformation of heaven and earth. Qiande is just and healthy and Kunde is gentle. It is an auspicious elephant with both.

The origin of ancient traditional festivals is related to the ancient primitive beliefs, sacrificial culture, celestial phenomena, calendar and other humanistic and natural cultural contents, which contains the profound cultural connotation of only respecting morality and etiquette and music civilization. The Double Ninth Festival has a long history. In ancient times, the customs of the north and the South were different. In the pre-Qin period, the customs of various places had not been integrated and spread, and the customs of the Double Ninth Festival were rarely recorded in writing. The existing written records on the customs of the Double Ninth Festival were first found in the Ji Qiu Ji of the spring and Autumn Annals of the Lu family, which contained the activities of the ancients to offer sacrifices to the emperor of heaven and ancestors in September. According to textual research, the origin of the Double Ninth Festival can be traced back to ancient times. In ancient times, there were rituals and customs of worshipping gods and ancestors in the autumn.

The Double Ninth Festival custom was popularized in the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty was a period of economic and cultural exchanges and integration between the north and the south of China. The cultural exchanges and customs of envoys were integrated and spread. The custom of seeking longevity on the Double Ninth Festival in ancient times is included in the works of the Han Dynasty. This is the earliest record of the custom of seeking longevity on the Double Ninth Festival in written materials. It is said that it was influenced by the ancient Wizards (later Taoists) who pursued longevity and collected medicine. At the same time, there are large-scale banquet activities, which developed from the feast of celebrating the harvest in the Pre-Qin Dynasty.

The name of "Double Ninth Festival" was first recorded in the Three Kingdoms period. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Pi, the emperor of Wei, described the Double Ninth Festival in the book of nine days and Zhong Yao at that time: "when the year goes to the month, it suddenly returns to September 9. Nine is the number of Yang, and the sun and the moon should be together. It is popular to praise its name. It is suitable for a long time, so it is used to enjoy banquets and high meetings."

In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the festival atmosphere became stronger and stronger, which was chanted by scholars and scholars. Tao Yuanming, a scholar of the Jin Dynasty, said in the preface to the poem "nine days of idle living": "in leisure living, I love the name of nine days. Autumn chrysanthemums are full of gardens, while holding the wine to consume the free, empty clothes to nine flowers, and cherishing words." Chrysanthemum and wine are also mentioned here. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were written records of chrysanthemum appreciation and drinking customs.

"On September 9, the four people had a picnic together," said Liang Zongyu of the northern and Southern Dynasties

During the Tang Dynasty, the Double Ninth Festival was designated as an official festival. From then on, the court and the people celebrated the Double Ninth Festival together, and carried out various activities during the festival. According to records, it was during the reign of Li Shi of emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty (780-785) that September 9 of the lunar calendar was officially listed as a national festival, and the Double Ninth Festival was listed as one of the "three commandments".

In the Song Dynasty, the Double Ninth Festival was even more lively. The record of Tokyo Menghua once recorded the grand occasion of the Double Ninth Festival in the Northern Song Dynasty. The old stories of Wulin also recorded that the court of the Southern Song Dynasty "made a double nine arrangement on the eighth day" for a grand amusement the next day.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the eunuchs and imperial concubines in the imperial palace of the Ming Dynasty began to eat flower cakes together to celebrate from the first day of the first day of the lunar new year. On the ninth day of the Double Ninth Festival, the emperor had to climb the mountain of longevity in person to enjoy the victory in order to enjoy the Autumn Annals; In the Qing Dynasty, customs still prevailed. The custom of Beijing Double Ninth Festival is to stick chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows to "lift the evil and evil to attract good luck".

In modern times, the Double Ninth Festival has been given a new meaning. In 1989, the Chinese government designated September 9 as the old people's day, which harmoniously combines tradition and modernity to make this traditional festival a new festival of respecting, respecting, loving and helping the old. On December 28, 2012, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China voted to adopt the newly revised law on the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly, which made it clear that the ninth day of September of the lunar calendar is the day of the elderly every year. In the process of inheritance and development, the Double Ninth Festival has been handed down from generation to generation with festival activities full of life meaning. The themes of hosting banquets to respect the elderly and praying for longevity are gradually integrated with Chinese traditional filial piety ethics, which has become one of the important themes of today's Double Ninth festival activities.

Folk activities

overview

In the process of historical continuation, the Double Ninth Festival not only integrates many folk matters, but also integrates many cultural connotations. It is a traditional Chinese festival mixed with a variety of folk customs. The celebration of the Double Ninth Festival generally includes activities such as sightseeing, climbing high and overlooking, watching chrysanthemums, picking Chinese herbal medicine, giving a banquet for the elderly, eating Double Ninth Festival cake, health preservation with pharmaceutical wine, drinking chrysanthemum wine and so on. Chongyang is a season of "rising clear air and sinking turbid air". The higher the terrain, the more concentrated the air is. Therefore, "climbing the mountain in Chongyang to enjoy the clear air" has become a folk matter. In September, the sky is clear and crisp. Climbing high and looking far in this season can achieve the purpose of relaxed and happy, fitness and disease elimination. The Double Ninth Festival has many folk activities and rich cultural connotation.

Sun autumn

The Double Ninth Festival is the best time to enjoy autumn. Some mountain villages in southern China retain the characteristics of "basking in autumn". It has become a fashion for rural tourism to enjoy folk customs and watch the autumn sun. "Basking in autumn" is a typical agricultural custom phenomenon with strong regional characteristics. Villagers living in mountainous areas such as Hunan, Guangxi, Anhui and Jiangxi have to use the front and back of their houses and the roof of their own windowsill to dry and hang crops because of the complex terrain and few flat land in the village. Over time, it has evolved into a traditional agricultural phenomenon. This special lifestyle and scene of villagers drying crops has gradually become the material pursued and created by painters and photographers, and created a poetic title of "drying autumn".

Nine Emperors Association

In ancient times, in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Yunnan and other places, the custom of ritual fighting prevailed for nine consecutive days from September 1 to 9 of the lunar calendar, which is called the Nine Emperors' meeting. The Nine Emperors' meeting originated from the worship of stars. As the old saying goes, "the ninth emperor of Chongyang will extend the birthday of the Beidou". The Nine Emperors of the Big Dipper are composed of the seven stars of the Big Dipper, Zuo Fu and you Bi. The jade box says: from the first day of September to the ninth day of September, when the Big Dipper nine stars are long, the world fasts. This day is better than ordinary days, and there are countless merits and virtues. The belief of the Nine Emperors has a great influence, and this worship has gradually evolved into the custom of rites and fights among the people. According to Hu Pu'an's national customs chronicle of China, more Nine Emperors' meetings were established in Guangdong on September 9. In Yunnan, the ritual duel has become a popular custom in Yunnan. It is held from September new year to September 9.

Enjoy banquets and pray for longevity

On the Double Ninth Festival, there is the custom of enjoying banquets and praying for longevity, which reposes people's wishes for the health and longevity of the elderly. The custom of enjoying banquets and praying for longevity on the Double Ninth Festival spread widely in ancient times, and there are relevant records in some literary works, such as the miscellaneous notes of Xijing in the Han Dynasty: "on September 9, wearing dogwood, eating Peng bait and drinking chrysanthemum wine make people live longer." "Jing Chu Sui Shi Ji" also said: "on September 9, the four people joined together for a banquet in the wild." In fact, the large-scale catering activities in the Double Ninth Festival are developed from the harvest celebration and sacrificial feasts. On the basis of sacrificing heaven and ancestors, longevity and catering are added to form the basis of the Double Ninth Festival. Up to now, the custom of holding old-age banquets, drinking banquets and praying for longevity is still popular in some places in southern China.

Put a paper kite

Flying paper kites is one of the main customs of the Double Ninth Festival in the south. The folk Double Ninth Festival is mainly characterized by flying paper kites. It is also recorded in Huizhou chronicles of Guangxu. In folk tradition, in addition to climbing high, the release of paper kites is also a feature of the Double Ninth Festival. As for why people fly paper kites (kites) during the Double Ninth Festival, in addition to the climatic reasons that the sky is high and the clouds are light, the wind is light and the sun is bright, and the paper kites can easily ride the wind, there are also some statements between the witch yarrow, which are quite interesting in the Sutra. It is said that the purpose of flying paper kites during the Double Ninth Festival is to "fly bad luck". The higher the paper kites fly, the farther the bad luck will fly away. What's more, they have to break the line to make the kites disappear beyond the clouds. Another explanation is that the release of paper kites in Chongyang is "releasing auspiciousness" and "releasing blessing". The better the paper kites fly, the stronger the blessing. The person who releases the paper kites can not only break the silk thread, but also try every means to protect it, because if the silk thread is broken, the "auspiciousness" and "blessing" will float away.

Climb high

The custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival has a long history. In ancient times, there was a custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival, so the Double Ninth Festival is also called "Climbing Festival". Climbing "Ci Qing" is also derived from the solar terms in nature. Climbing "Ci Qing" on the Double Ninth Festival corresponds to the ancient spring outing "outing" in March. There are no unified regulations on the place of climbing. The place of climbing can be divided into mountain climbing, building climbing or platform climbing. The custom of climbing high has three origins: one is derived from the mountain worship of the ancients; The second is from the climate of "clear gas rising and turbid gas sinking"; The third is to climb high and take the pure air to the sky.

In ancient times, the ancients worshipped mountains and formed the custom of "mountaineering and praying for blessings". According to the book of Rites - sacrificial law of Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty, "mountains, forests, rivers, valleys and hills can rise out of the clouds, be wind and rain, and call them gods when they see monsters." According to documents, the ancients were awed and worshipped mountains.

According to the law of the operation of heaven and earth, the double ninth day is a climate of "rising clear air and sinking turbid air". The higher the terrain is, the more concentrated the air is. Therefore, "climbing the height of double ninth day and enjoying the clear air" has become an important folk matter that people are eager to pursue.

The important custom of the Double Ninth Festival "climbing high" is also intrinsically related to the Taoist "ascending to heaven and becoming an immortal" on the ninth day of September. Because it is believed that September 9 is the day when immortals ascend to heaven, the ancestors chose to ascend on the ninth day of September in order to ascend to the heavenly palace like those who become immortals. This desire to ascend to heaven, tracing its source, is a desire for longevity.

Eat Double Ninth cake

According to historical records, Chongyang cake, also known as flower cake, chrysanthemum cake and five color cake, has no definite method and is more casual. At dawn on September 9, they put a piece of cake on their children's heads and chanted words to wish their children high in Pepsi, which is the original intention of the ancients to make cakes in September. The exquisite Double Ninth Festival cake should be made into nine layers, like a pagoda, with two lambs on it, in line with the meaning of Double Ninth Festival (sheep). Some even put a small red paper flag (instead of dogwood) on the Double Ninth Festival cake and light candles. This probably means "lighting a lamp" and "eating cake" instead of "Climbing". Nowadays, there are still no fixed varieties of Chongyang cakes. The soft cakes eaten at Chongyang Festival are called Chongyang cakes.

Sacrifice to the sea god

The Double Ninth Festival is an autumn festival. Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and other places pay special attention to the worship of the sea god on this day.

Ancestor worship

The Double Ninth Festival is one of the four traditional ancestor worship festivals in China. Ancient folk have always had the tradition of ancestor worship and blessing. The traditional custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors on the Double Ninth Festival is still popular in Lingnan area. People hold ancestor worship activities on the Double Ninth Festival every year. Whether it is ancestor worship activities or high-altitude vision, its most fundamental role is to enhance people's cultural identity and strengthen the cohesion of the family and society. In traditional customs, Qingming Festival is "Spring Festival festival" and Chongyang Festival is "Autumn Festival". The traditional custom of climbing high to worship ancestors on the Double Ninth Festival continues to this day.

Chrysanthemum appreciation

Double ninth day has always been the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums, so it is also known as chrysanthemum festival in ancient times. The custom of appreciating chrysanthemums originates from chrysanthemum culture. Chrysanthemum is a natural flower. Because of its colorful flowers and blooming frost, it forms a chrysanthemum culture of appreciating chrysanthemums and praising chrysanthemums. Since the Three Kingdoms, Wei and Jin Dynasties, drinking at parties and appreciating chrysanthemums and poetry have become a fashion in Chongyang. In ancient Chinese customs, chrysanthemum symbolizes longevity. Chrysanthemum is the flower of longevity. It is also praised by scholars as a symbol of unyielding frost.

Ci Qing

The ancients took the Double Ninth Festival and Shangsi (or Qingming) as the corresponding spring and Autumn Festival. If Shangsi is a festival for people to go out after a long winter, the Double Ninth Festival is about a ceremonial autumn outing when the autumn cold is new and people are about to live in seclusion. Therefore, there are folk customs of "outing" on the Qingming Festival and "leaving youth" on the Double Ninth Festival.

Drink chrysanthemum wine

Drinking chrysanthemum wine: due to the unique character of chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum has become a symbol of vitality. Chrysanthemum contains health preserving ingredients. In baopuzi written by Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty, it is recorded that people in Nanyang Mountain drink sweet valley water full of chrysanthemums to prolong their life. It is a traditional Chinese custom to drink chrysanthemum wine during the Double Ninth Festival. In ancient times, chrysanthemum wine was regarded as the "auspicious wine" that must be drunk in the Double Ninth Festival, dispelling disasters and praying for blessings. Chrysanthemum wine is a medicinal wine with a slight bitter taste. After drinking, it can brighten people's eyes and refresh their minds, and has the auspicious meaning of eliminating disasters and praying for blessings.

Chrysanthemum wine has been seen in the Han Dynasty. Later, there are still stories of giving chrysanthemums to celebrate his birthday and picking chrysanthemums for wine making. For example, Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, once gave chrysanthemums to Zhong Yao on the double ninth day (wishing him a long life). The sentence "picking chrysanthemums in a basket, dew and cowardice in the morning" in the chapter of picking chrysanthemums by Emperor Wen of Liang Jian is an example of picking chrysanthemums for wine making. Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, chrysanthemum wine was still popular. It was still recorded in Gao Lian's Zunsheng bajian in the Ming Dynasty. It was a popular fitness drink.

Dogwood

In ancient times, the custom of inserting dogwood in 99 was also popular, so it was also called dogwood Festival. In the old time, the folk festival customs of the Han nationality were popular in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Huaihe River, the Yangtze River Basin and other places. Cornus officinalis is a kind of fruit that can be used as traditional Chinese medicine. The ancients believed that on the Double Ninth Festival, climbing and inserting Cornus officinalis could drive away insects, dampness and wind evil. So they wear cornel on their arms or grind it, put it in a sachet, and put it on their head. Most of them are worn by women and children, and men in some places. Cornus officinalis can be used as medicine to make wine, nourish the body and dispel diseases. Dogwood and chrysanthemum hairpin were very common in the Tang Dynasty. Cornus officinalis has strong fragrance, which can brighten the eyes, awaken the brain, dispel fire, expel insects, remove dampness and drive away wind evil. It can also eliminate accumulated food and treat cold and heat. Ancient customs such as inserting Cornus are folk mountaineering to drive away wind evil. On the Double Ninth Festival, the clear gas rises and the turbid gas sinks. People use natural drugs such as Cornus to adjust their physical health and make them adapt to natural climate change.

Local customs

domestic

[Guangdong] in ancient times, the Nine Emperors' meeting was built in Guangdong on September 9. During the Double Ninth Festival in Guangzhou, people climb Baiyun Mountain to enjoy autumn and fitness. Wuchuan celebrated the Double Ninth Festival, enjoyed a high banquet and held a banquet for the elderly. HUAIJI County took the Double Ninth Festival as the occasion for the Yuan emperor to win the Tao, competing with God to pay his wishes. Yangjiang City releases paper kites during the Double Ninth Festival.

[Hong Kong and Macao] in the customs of Hong Kong and Macao people, Qingming Festival is "Spring Festival festival" and Chongyang Festival is "Autumn Festival". The traditional custom of climbing high to worship ancestors on the Double Ninth Festival continues to this day. In Hong Kong and Macao, the ancient Double Ninth Festival has evolved into a diversified Festival.

[Guangxi] on September 9, Longan County allowed cattle and sheep to look for food by themselves. As the saying goes, "on September 9, cattle and sheep are on their own". Qingming Festival is a spring festival festival festival. Chongyang Festival is an autumn festival. Mountain worship on Chongyang Festival is one of the Lingnan customs. The tradition of cautiously chasing after the end and looking after the source has been followed for thousands of years.

[Fujian] flying kites on the Double Ninth Festival in Haicheng county is called "fengcha". It is said that the ninth day of September is the day of Mazu's emergence into heaven. Most villagers go to Mazu temple in Meizhou or Tianhou ancestral temple and temple in Hong Kong to offer sacrifices and seek blessings.

[Hainan] during the Double Ninth Festival in Hainan, there are customs such as climbing high and looking far, inserting dogwood, sending "Double Ninth cake", "driving SM", washing wormwood leaf water and so on.

[Jiangsu] on the Double Ninth Festival, people in Nanjing chiseled five-color paper into an inclined shape, tied into flags and inserted them in the court. The Double Ninth Festival in Changzhou County eats a kind of pasta called "camel's hoof". Wuxi Double Ninth Festival has double ninth cake and Jiupin soup.

[Shanghai] Yu Garden in Shanghai held chrysanthemum meeting on the Chung Yeung Festival, and scored three grades with new ingenious, noble and rare. In recent years, Yangpu District of Shanghai has carried out a series of activities of "joy in Chongyang" to respect and love the elderly.

[Zhejiang] Shaoxing Prefecture visited each other during the Double Ninth Festival. Tonglu County prepares pigs and sheep for ancestors on September 9, which is called autumn sacrifice. At the same time, zongzi are also tied and presented to each other on the Double Ninth Festival, which is called Double Ninth Festival zongzi.

[Jiangxi] on September 9, Wuyuan County, Huangling held the autumn festival. Huangling ancient village in Wuyuan also retains a good phenomenon of "drying in autumn". In autumn, a large number of fresh vegetables, melons and fruits need to be dried and stored, forming a spectacular scene.

[Anhui] Tongling County takes the ninth Double Ninth Festival as the Dragon candle party to welcome the mountain god. It is said that cutting bamboo and horses can expel the plague. In recent years, Hefei thermal power organization has carried out the theme activities of condolences on the Double Ninth Festival.

[Yunnan] in recent years, Kunming, Yunnan Province held the theme activity of "our festival · Double Ninth Festival".

[Hubei] Wuchang County brews wine on the double ninth day. It is said that the wine brewed here is the clearest and can't be bad for a long time. The Double Ninth Festival in Yingcheng county is the date of vows. All families worship the God of Founder Fang shetian on this day.

[Sichuan] in the old days, scholars in Nanxi County gathered at censhan building in Longteng mountain to commemorate the poet Cen Shen, which was called "Cen guild". It is an old folk custom to steam wine with glutinous rice before and after the Double Ninth Festival. As the saying goes, "Double Ninth Festival steamed wine is sweet and delicious.".

[Hebei] on September 9 in Xianghe County, families with in laws will give gifts to each other, which is called "chasing Festival". The weather of Double Ninth Festival accounts for the future sunny and rainy days in Yongping Prefecture. If it rains on the Double Ninth Festival, it will rain these days. There are no mountains in Dianzhou County, and there are more people in the county than in Chongyang Festival.

[Shandong] people in the north of Changyi eat spicy radish soup on the Double Ninth Festival. There is a proverb: "after drinking radish soup, the whole family will not suffer". People in juancheng call the Double Ninth Festival the birthday of the God of wealth, and families bake burnt cakes to worship the God of wealth. Zou Ping offered sacrifices to Fan Zhongyan in the Double Ninth Festival. In the old days, dyeing and wine shops also offered sacrifices to the God of the VAT on September 9. Tengzhou's daughter who has been married for less than three years is forbidden to go back to her mother's house for the festival. There is a saying that "go home for Chongyang and die her mother-in-law".

[Shaanxi] in the vast rural areas of Shaanxi, on the Double Ninth Festival, green dogwood is inserted in front of every household, and the neighbors give it to each other. On the Double Ninth Festival in Xixiang County, relatives and friends present chrysanthemums and chrysanthemum cakes. Scholars appreciate each other with poetry and wine. It is said that women picking Cornus by mouth today can cure heartache.

[Shanxi] the traditional habit of climbing on September 9 has existed in southern Shanxi since ancient times. It has become a festival event to enjoy the great rivers and mountains and admire the scenic spots and historic sites. Up to now, there are still famous folk sayings such as "heaven and earth will win, our generation will climb together", "the east wind can't stay, the peak will rise slowly", "September is happy and new, and agriculture, rural areas and farmers celebrate autumn".

[Henan] in 2010, the China Association for democracy and people's livelihood awarded Xixia County, Nanyang City as the "hometown of China's Chongyang culture", and established the country's only "China Chongyang Culture Research Center" in Xixia, where the "China Xixia Chongyang Culture Festival" will be held on September 9 of the lunar calendar every year.

abroad

Influenced by Chinese culture, countries in the Chinese character culture circle also had the custom of Double Ninth Festival. For example:

[Korea] Chongyang was called Chongjiu in ancient Korea. It has been a custom to climb the stairs and recite poetry on this day since the Xinluo era. In the Korean Dynasty, the banquet on the ninth day of September even became a national custom. Custom activities mainly include eating fried flowers, cauliflower, playing fried games and flying kites.

[Japan] the Double Ninth Festival in Japan was introduced from China in the Ping'an era. The princes and nobles of the Ping'an Dynasty held a chrysanthemum feast in the palace on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. The Japanese also put cotton cloth on chrysanthemums the night before the Double Ninth Festival. After the Double Ninth Festival is wet by dew, they wipe their bodies to pray for longevity. Custom activities mainly include eating eggplant, eating chestnut rice and offering chrysanthemum.

San Francisco is a city inhabited by Chinese. Every Double Ninth Festival, there are all kinds of chrysanthemums sold in flower shops, and some pastry shops also sell Double Ninth cakes. Many Chinese associations hold a banquet for the elderly, and some elderly service centers also have many volunteers to visit and help the elderly.

Related Poems

Traditional festivals have always been complementary to traditional culture. The Double Ninth Festival in September, because it is homonymous with "Jiujiu", is the largest number in the number, the most noble in the number, and has the meaning of long life. Moreover, autumn is also the golden season of harvest in a year. The Double Ninth Festival has far-reaching implications. People have always had special feelings for this festival. There are many poems to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival A masterpiece of poems chanting chrysanthemums.

Folk songs

There are many folk songs and proverbs about the festival of old age, and the Double Ninth Festival is no exception. The following are all ballads and sayings about the Double Ninth Festival, reflecting the customs of drinking chrysanthemum wine and flying kites on the Double Ninth Festival, as well as the custom of divining the weather on the double ninth day.

Chrysanthemum yellow, yellow seed strong; Chrysanthemum fragrance, huangzhongkang; September 9, drinking chrysanthemum wine, people are drunk chrysanthemum Double Ninth Festival.

September 9 is the Double Ninth Festival; Fly a paper kite, the line is long.

In August, the Mid Autumn Festival brother sent cakes, and in September, the Double Ninth Festival sister sent shoes.

On the Double Ninth Festival, I tried to climb high again. What is the credit for doing so every year? Although it is a picturesque autumn mountain, it is also good to travel. Why do you want to yearn for the Double Ninth Festival until you know the coquettish. If you dare, you can avoid the disaster. Why not early in the morning. Find out about your single wife. You can't read a general book when you speak. The situation is a mere thing of the past. What is the heart operation of driving again. Since you didn't know last day, I don't blame you for doing it. Alas! If you're scared, why bother. If you don't sit still and think, you can scare the side.

On September 9, everyone goes to climb the mountain. You look at a class of young children and walk noisily. Fly a paper kite and dance on the high ground. The sound of holding a Han (the sound of a bow) evokes a coward. The enterprise is always in the limelight and needs to work hard. Although you have prestige, it's a pity that you are not full of feathers. You're afraid that if you miss the sky, you'll hate forever. Mi estimates that a bag can hoop the sky, which can not only make it difficult for a guy to flow disaster, but also can not flow to the edge. Alas! It's hard to take care of your life experience. I just hope to get mercy from heaven, so that you can take some credit.

"Continued harmony of Qi Dynasty":

Like most traditional festivals, the Double Ninth Festival is also attached to a myth and legend as the "origin" of the climbing custom. The legend can be found in the myth, legend and strange novel of Wu Jun in the Liang Dynasty, "continued the harmony of Qi": Huanjing in Runan has been studying with Fei Changfang for many years. Changfang said: "on September 9, there will be a disaster in your family. It is advisable to go in a hurry and ask your family to make red bags, hold Cornus, tie their arms, climb high and drink chrysanthemum wine. This disaster can be eliminated." Jing Ruyan, Qi family mountaineering. Xi also saw the sudden death of chickens, dogs, cattle and sheep. The long room heard it and said, "this can be replaced." Today, the world climbs to drink on the ninth day, and the woman takes a dogwood bag and covers it. Influenced by the myth of "climbing high to avoid the epidemic" on September 9, people in some places think that the Double Ninth Festival is a fierce day. Therefore, in order to suppress and overcome the ferocity, the main ritual activity of the Double Ninth Festival is climbing, and others belong to additional activities.

Folk evolution version: it is said that in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a plague devil in Ruhe. As soon as it appeared, people in every household would fall ill and even die every day. The people in this area were devastated by the plague devil. At that time, there was a young man named Huan Jing in Runan County. One year, the plague took away his parents and almost killed himself. After Huan Jing recovered from his illness, he said goodbye to his beloved wife and fellow villagers and decided to go out to visit immortals to learn arts and eliminate harm for the people. After going through difficulties and dangers, Huan Jing finally found an immortal with boundless power in an ancient mountain. The immortal was moved by his spirit of sparing no pains and eliminating harm for the people. He decided to take him as an apprentice, give him a demon subduing sword and secretly teach him the demon subduing sword technique. Huan Jing forgot to eat and sleep, practiced hard day and night, and finally developed an extraordinary martial art. One day, the immortal called Huan Jing to him and said to him, "tomorrow is the ninth day of September. The plague devil will come out to do evil again. Now you have learned your skills and should go back to eliminate harm for the people!" At this time, the immortal gave Huan Jing a bag of Cornus leaves and a bottle of chrysanthemum wine, and gave him the secret of avoiding evil spirits, so that Huan Jing immediately rode home on a crane. Huan Jing returned to his hometown. On the morning of September 9, according to the instructions of the immortal, he led the villagers to a nearby mountain and gave each one a piece of dogwood leaf and a cup of chrysanthemum wine. At noon, the wind howled, the north wind rose suddenly, and the sky was dark. With a few shrill roars, the plague devil rushed out of the Ru River and rushed to the foot of the mountain. Just then, the plague devil suddenly smelled the strange smell of Cornus and the mellow aroma of chrysanthemum wine. His face suddenly changed, trembled and dared not move forward. Sooner or later, Huan Jing, holding the demon subduing sword, immediately ran down the mountain. After several rounds of fierce struggle, Huan Jing stabbed the plague devil to death and eliminated the plague. Later, people regarded climbing on the Double Ninth Festival as an activity to avoid disasters. Obviously, this story is "pure fiction", which is just an absurd legend attached to the association. In the historical development and evolution, most traditional festivals are attached with "Legends" as their origin. After practical investigation, these "stories and legends" are far later than the birth of festivals, and are the "origin" of the construction of later generations.

Folklore:

It is said that the custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival began when the first emperor of Qin ordered the warlock Zheng Anqi to go to Lingnan to look for the elixir of immortality. When Zheng Anqi found the nine section calamus in Baiyun Mountain, he unfortunately fell off the cliff and soared by crane.

The ancients believed that the mountain was surrounded by clouds and fog, which was inhabited by the dragon who called for wind and rain and thunder. Moreover, thunder and lightning in the mountains can bring kindling, and you can eat smelly cooked food with fire.