Yuan Longping
Yuan Longping
Yuan Longping, male, Han nationality, from De'an County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. Born in Beijing on September 7, 1930, he is a Chinese expert in hybrid rice breeding and a pioneer in the research and development of hybrid rice in China. He is known as the "father of hybrid rice in the world". Former director of National Hybrid Rice Engineering Technology Research Center and Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, former vice chairman of Hunan Provincial CPPCC, academician of Chinese Academy of engineering, academician of National Academy of Sciences, member of China Invention Association, honorary president of Hunan Agricultural University, member of the Standing Committee of the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th CPPCC.
He graduated from Southwest Agricultural College (now Southwest University) in 1953, and was elected as academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1995. In 1999, an asteroid discovered by Schmidt CCD asteroid project team of Beijing Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences was named Yuan Longping star. He won the highest national science and Technology Award in 2000, wolf agriculture award in 2004, and foreign academician of National Academy of Sciences in April 2006 He won the honorary doctorate of Macao University of science and technology in 2010 and was elected the first member of China Invention Association in 2018.
Yuan Longping is a pioneer and leader in the field of hybrid rice research. He is committed to the research, application and promotion of hybrid rice technology. He invented "three line method" indica hybrid rice, successfully developed "two line method" hybrid rice, and established a super hybrid rice technology system. The project of "planting three crops and four high yields" was put forward and implemented. Six Monographs in Chinese and English and more than 60 papers were published by using the technical achievements of super hybrid rice.
On September 8, 2018, he won the life science award of "future science award"; on December 18, 2018, the Party Central Committee and the State Council awarded Yuan Longping the title of reform pioneer, the reform pioneer medal, and the pioneer of hybrid rice research. On September 17, 2019, President Xi Jinping signed the presidential decree and awarded Yuan Longping the "Medal of the Republic". On November 28, 2020, he was elected as China economic news person in 2020.
Character experience
Study experience
Yuan Longping was born in Peking Union Medical College Hospital on September 7, 1930.
From 1931 to 1936, Yuan Longping lived with his parents in Beiping, Tianjin, Jiujiang, Ganzhou and Hankou.
From August 1936 to July 1938, Yuan Longping studied in rotary primary school in Hankou.
From August 1938 to January 1939, Yuan Longping studied in Hongyi primary school in Hunan Province.
From August 1939 to July 1942, Yuan Longping studied in Chongqing Longmen Hao Central Primary School.
From August 1942 to January 1943, Yuan Longping studied in Chongqing Fuxing junior high school.
From February 1943 to January 1944, Yuan Longping studied in Chongqing Ganjiang middle school.
From February 1944 to May 1946, Yuan Longping studied in Chongqing erudite middle school.
From August 1946 to January 1948, Yuan Longping studied in Hankou erudite middle school.
In the summer vacation of 1947, Yuan Longping won the first place in the men's 100 meter freestyle in Hankou district and the second place in Hubei Province when he was a freshman in high school.
From February 1948 to April 1949, Yuan Longping studied in high school attached to Nanjing Central University.
From August 1949 to October 1950, Yuan Longping studied in the Department of agronomy of Xianghui college in Xiaba, Beibei, Chongqing.
From August 1949 to August 1953, Yuan Longping studied in the Department of Agronomy, Southwest Agricultural University.
From November 1950 to July 1953, the Department was transferred to the Department of agronomy of Southwest Agricultural University in Chongqing. Yuan Longping continued to study for three years until he graduated.
In July 1951, Yuan Longping signed up for the air force in Southwest Agricultural College and passed the physical examination and political examination. Later, because college students needed to take part in economic construction, he did not join the army and continued to study in the school.
Rice Research
In August 1953, Yuan Longping graduated from the Department of agronomy of Southwest Agricultural University (now Southwest University). Obeying the unified distribution of the whole country, he taught in Anjiang agricultural school in Huaihua area of Hunan Province. In the same year, he was assigned to teach in Anjiang agricultural school at the foot of Xuefeng mountain in Western Hunan.
From August 1953 to January 1971, Yuan Longping was a teacher of Anjiang agricultural school in Hunan Province.
In July 1960, Yuan Longping accidentally found a rice plant with special characteristics in the experimental field of agricultural school. He used the plant to test the rice and found that its offspring had different properties. Because rice is self pollinated, there will be no segregation of characters, so he deduced that it should be a natural hybrid rice. Then he artificially removed the androgynous male flowers of rice and gave them pollen from another variety to try to produce hybrids.
In the spring of 1961, Yuan Longping sowed the seeds of this mutant plant in the pioneering experimental field. The results proved that the "outstanding" plant discovered in 1960 was "natural hybrid rice". At that time, he was a teacher in Anjiang civilian school, but in the face of the severe famine at that time, he decided to use agricultural science and technology to defeat the threat of hunger and engage in the experiment of male sterility in rice.
On July 5, 1964, Yuan Longping found a "natural male sterile plant" in the experimental rice field. After artificial pollination, he produced hundreds of seeds of the first generation male sterile plant.
In July 1965, Yuan Longping found 6 sterile plants in more than 14000 Rice Panicles one by one. During the next two years, 4 plants successfully propagated for 1-2 generations. His research completely overturned the traditional classical theory of "asexual hybridization" by Michelin and Lisenko, and deduced that rice also had heterosis. The yield of hybrid rice can be greatly increased by breeding male sterile line, male sterile maintainer line and male sterile restorer line.
On February 22, 1964, Yuan Longping married Deng Ze, an agricultural technology cadre.
From 1964 to 1965, during the two-year rice flowering season, Yuan Longping and his research team carried out cross breeding experiments in rice fields. Six plants with natural male sterility were found in the rice field. After two years of observation and experiment, he had a rich understanding of rice male sterile materials. According to the accumulated scientific data, he worked for about 12 years after graduating from university and published in Science Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1966.
In July 1965, Yuan Longping inspected more than 14000 Rice Panicles one by one in the rice fields near Anjiang agricultural school, including Nante, zaojing 4 and Shengli indica, and found 6 sterile plants together with the sterile plants found last year. After two years of continuous spring sowing and autumn turning, 4 plants propagated for 1-2 generations.
On February 28, 1966, Yuan Longping published his first paper "male sterility of rice", which was published in the fourth issue of Science Bulletin, Vol. 17, edited by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In May, Comrade Zhao Shijing, director of the ninth Bureau of the State Science and Technology Commission, attracted great attention after learning of Yuan Longping's article "male sterility of rice". In the name of the ninth Bureau of the State Science and Technology Commission, he wrote to Hunan Science and Technology Commission and Anjiang Agricultural University to support Yuan Longping's research activities on male sterility of rice, pointing out that this research is of great significance, and if it is successful, it will greatly increase the yield of rice. In June, when the Cultural Revolution began, Yuan Longping suffered a shock, and the experiment of male sterility in rice was interrupted.
In April 1967, Yuan Longping drafted the "breeding plan for male sterile lines of rice in Anjiang agricultural school" and submitted it to the provincial science and Technology Commission and the science and Technology Commission of Qianyang region. In June, the rice male sterility research group of Qianyang agricultural school (Anjiang agricultural school renamed) was formally established, which was composed of Yuan Longping, Li Bihu and Yin Huaqi.
On April 30, 1968, Yuan Longping planted more than 700 sterile seedlings in zhonggupan 7 field of Anjiang agricultural school, covering an area of 133 square meters. On the evening of May 18, the sterile seedlings of zhonggupan No.7 field were pulled out and destroyed, which became an unsolved mystery. Yuan Longping was heartbroken. Four days after the incident, five remaining seedlings were found in an abandoned well of the school and continued to experiment.
In the winter of 1969, Yuan Longping, Li Bihu, Yin Huaqi and others in Yuanjiang County of Yunnan Province accelerated the propagation of sterile materials.
In the summer of 1970, Yuan Longping introduced wild rice from Yunnan and planned to cross in Jing county (Anjiang agricultural school moved to Jing County). Later, he failed because he did not carry out short light treatment. In the autumn, Yuan Longping led the research team Li Bihu and Yin Huaqi to Hainan Island, where the conditions were good for three season rice experiment, to investigate the distribution of wild rice to technicians and workers.
In the spring of 1971, the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences established the hybrid rice research cooperation group, and Yuan Longping transferred the work of the hybrid rice research cooperation group of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
In 1973, the cooperative group found the restorer line through test cross, and overcame the difficulty of "three lines" matching. In October, Yuan Longping published the paper "progress in breeding three lines with wild barnyardgrass" at the rice scientific research conference held in Suzhou, officially announcing that China's Indica Hybrid Rice "three lines" have been matched.
In 1975, Yuan Longping succeeded in tackling the key problems of seed production.
In 1977, Yuan Longping published two important papers, practice and theory of hybrid rice cultivation and key techniques of hybrid rice seed production and high yield.
In September 2017, Yuan Longping announced a new achievement of eliminating cadmium in rice at the 2017 National Exhibition of new rice varieties and new technologies: "recently, we have a breakthrough technology in rice breeding, which can" knock out "the cadmium containing or cadmium absorbing genes in the parents. When the parents are clean, the seeds will be clean.".
"The future of hybrid rice"
Chinese PinYin : Yuan Long Ping
