Li Bingheng

Li Bingheng

Li Bingheng (1830-1900), a minister of Qing Dynasty, was born in ANZISHAN, Zhuanghe, Liaoning Province. At the beginning, he donated money to Shenxian County of Shandong Province and moved to Shenxian County of Shandong Province. Guangxu five years (1879), Zhili Province Jizhou Zhizhou. In the second year of Yue Dynasty, he was promoted to magistrate Yongping. In 1884, Li Bingheng took charge of the West Transportation Bureau of Longzhou. In the following year, Peng Yulin and Feng Zicai were divided into two posts and won a great victory in Liangshan. Peng Yulin said: "the two ministers are loyal and upright. They share the common support of the people and make the most contributions." In 1900, the change of gengzi made him the Minister of the Yangtze River Navy. Li Bingheng led his troops northward from Jiangning, Jiangsu Province, to defend Beijing. He failed in Tianjin Yangcun (now Wuqing County of Tianjin city) and retired to Tongzhou, Zhili Province (now Tongzhou District of Beijing City) to commit suicide by taking poison. He was seventy years old. Shi Zhong Jie.

Sino French war

He was the magistrate of Shenxian County in Shandong Province. Guangxu five years (1879), when Zhili Province Jizhou Zhizhou. In another two years, he was promoted to the magistrate of Yongping, Shanxi Province. Ten years later (1884), he served as an inspector general of Guangxi. During the Sino French war, Li Bingheng presided over the West Transportation Bureau of Longzhou, Guangdong Province. The next year, he and Feng Zicai won the great victory of Liangshan. Peng Yulin wrote: "the two ministers are loyal and upright. They win the hearts of the people and share the greatest achievements.". Guangxu served as governor of Anhui Province in May of the 20th year.

Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895

In May of the 20th year of Guangxu, he was granted the title of governor of Anhui Province. After the outbreak of the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing government appointed Li Bingheng governor of Shandong. after the second Japanese army landed at Huayuankou, Henan Province, the defense of Lushun, Liaoning Province was tight. The Qing court ordered Li Bingheng, who had moved to Yantai, Shandong Province in October, to send troops to reinforce the troops, but Li "devoted himself to a corner.". The Group officials of Shandong Province once requested to "raise 20 battalions to fill zhuhaikou", but libing Street insisted on not. On November 4, the Qing government ordered four battalions to live in front of the army, but the delay was not enough. On December 13, after the fall of Haicheng, Li Bingheng ordered Zhang Gaoyuan, the commander of Dengzhou Town, "to lead the songwu army to Yingkou to aid Liaodong.". On January 12 of the 21st year of Guangxu, the Qing government heard that the Japanese army had attacked Weihai. Li Hongzhang and Li Bingheng of Dianyu said that they should "fly to the defense forces, patrol around the day and night, guard against the enemy with strict strength, and should not be lax.". On the 18th, Li Bingheng telegraphed: "the situation in the back road of Weihai is extremely tight. Only by distributing the existing forces at the entrance of each island and ordering the battalions to look around day and night, can they dare to disperse the danger." After the Japanese army landed in Rongcheng Bay, Li Bingheng could not draw half of Weihaiwei's troops to the front line according to the original proposal, so he could only send a small number of troops such as sun Wanling to meet the enemy. On the 25th, the Japanese army captured Rongcheng, and Li Bingheng asked the Ministry to deal with it. He also called the imperial court again to report that "there are too many thieves, their power is too dangerous, and their smoke is also in danger"; he explained the difficulties of "too many soldiers" and "too few battalions to deal with", and demanded that the Fifth Battalion of Ding Huai's headquarters in Guzhou Town, Guizhou be intercepted. He ordered Dong Fuxiang, the commander-in-chief, to take all the battalions under his command and set out to Shandong in the starry night so as to "work together to prevent the suppression.". The court has agreed. However, reinforcements were delayed. Soon, the fort of Weihai Weinan Gang fell. 30 days. Li Hongzhang and Li Bingheng were informed by the Qing government that Yantai was a "trading port with relatively slow defense" and sun Jinbiao was dispatched to Weihai to assist in defense. However, Li Bingheng refused with the idea that only sun Jinbiao was the guard of Yantai, and if he was transferred to Yantai again, there would be no guard, Yantai would be in danger. Li Bingheng only sent troops to guard Weihai West Road, and he was indifferent to the war in Weihai. On February 3, Japanese troops occupied Weihai Acropolis and Beibang fort. Li Bingheng asked for an order that he would be "severely punished by the Ministry of Communications". In the telegram, he said: Weihai has been lost, Dengzhou and Yantai will be contested by the Japanese army. "Bingheng means sticking to Yantai, which has no remedy in the overall situation and is greatly punished. At present, it seems that we should take Laizhou (now Yexian County) as an overall planning area, urge for reinforcements, and advance the planning step by step from the west to the East, so as to strengthen the gateway of the provincial capital and take into account the overall situation of the north and the south. " on February 9, Li Bingheng arrived in Huangxian county and retired to Laizhou on February 12. He told Ding Ruchang that he had moved to zhalaizhou, and the army of defending Weihai had retreated to Laizhou. The loss of Weihai and the collapse of Beiyang Navy were closely related to Li Bingheng's "witnessing the crisis of Liugong Island and failing to rescue". When discussing the reasons for the loss of Liugongdao, foreign war reporter Ken Ningxian thought that "the governor of the province (Li Bingheng) did not" take action "and did not" send reinforcements according to the appointment "was an important reason. On February 25, the Qing army recovered ninghaizhou (now Muping) and Wendeng on February 27. On March 3, Li Bingheng called the Qing government and said that Shandong's military strength was very limited and that "if we go deep into Shandong, we will be afraid of thieves and cut off the back roads.". On the front line, the Qing army fought bravely and regained its glory on the 5th. On April 19, Li Bingheng heard that Japan wanted to cut off the east of Liaohe River and Taiwan, claiming 100 trillion taels of compensation. He was filled with sorrow and indignation. He proposed to the emperor that "Qiangang should be arbitrary. If the other people threatened too much, they would not negotiate peace.". Don't be intimidated by empty voices, don't be swayed by floating opinions, "he continued to resist. He also said: "although I am old and lazy, I am willing to offer my teachers for a journey, so as to accumulate my indignation. I will not hesitate to donate my money to the top of my heel.". But the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed. On April 25, Li Bingheng again wrote the song "it's very difficult to extort peace talks". He asked the Qing court to "abolish the peace talks, announce that all the subjects in the world will make peace with each other, and that the crime of bullying and extorting is not tolerated by all the nations, and that the gods and men are indignant at it; support the soldiers with the money to compensate for the military expenses, and strictly order the generals and governors to die in the first World War.". On May 8, the Qing government exchanged the Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan. Li Bingheng's valuable thought of democracy and Republic in the process of opposing peace negotiation. It is not in line with the historical facts that the commentators may think that Li Bingheng belongs to the feudal die hards. When Li Bingheng tried to prevent the purpose of peace negotiation from being realized, he advocated using the western "Democratic Republic thought" to prevent the Treaty of betrayal. This is really awe inspiring to Li Bingheng.

The change of gengzi

In 1897, Germany sent troops to Jiaozhou Bay because of the Juye religious case. Li Bingheng thought that "land can not be lost by himself". He sent troops to fight with him, so he was dismissed as governor of Sichuan Province. However, before his appointment, he was dismissed because of German pressure. Guangxu 26 years (1900) as a tour of the Yangtze River Navy minister. After the Allied forces of the eight countries attacked Dagu, Li Bingheng once listed himself as the southeast mutual protection advocated by Zhang Zhidong and Liu Kun, but later he asked for troops to enter the capital of Wei, and tried his best to fight when Empress Dowager Cixi summoned him. So he led the Fourth Army to fight, collapsed in Yangcun (now Wuqing County), and retreated to TongZhou (now Tongzhou District of Beijing) to take poison and commit suicide. After his first posthumous title of Zhongjie, the coalition forces listed Li Bingheng as the culprit of the incident and demanded severe punishment. The Qing government refused to punish him for his death, but ordered him to seize all official posts and revoke the pension code.

evaluate

According to the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty, "to uphold the balance, to be honest, to be loyal, to be ordered to be in danger, and to be dignified, can not be judged by success or failure. When the Allied forces occupied Tianjin and the sea, only the scholars could prevent them from entering. When the Russian troops invaded Longjiang, they took advantage of the gap to advance, but Shoushan refused. They firmly knew that they would not be defeated, and vowed to die in return. Although Fengxiang is no longer able to save the overall situation, he will not give up until he dies. Outsiders will also fight for him. How magnificent it is

Chinese PinYin : Li Bing Heng