Feng Yunshan

Feng Yunshan

Feng Yunshan

(about 1815-1852), also known as Yilong, Shaoguang, Guangdong Huaxian (now Guangzhou City) he landing village. Han nationality, originally from shihuiyao village, Longchuan County, Guangdong Province. He was one of the founders of the God worship Association and one of the important leaders in the early days of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement. He was fond of studying Classics, history, astronomy and geography when he was young. He took part in the imperial examination. Later, he set up a school in the village to teach students.

In June 1852, when the Taiping army passed by suoyidou, Feng was hit by the artillery fire of Jiang Zhongyuan Department of the Qing army, who was ambushed here, and died. Official seal

Nanwang

Seven thousand years old.

Character experience

Early experience

Feng Yunshan, a native of heleidi, Huaxian County, Guangdong Province, is about three li away from Hong Xiuquan's hometown Guanlu. He was born in 1815 (the 20th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty) in a wealthy family. His father's name is Feng Shaoxian, and his mother's is Hu. He read the classics and history, visited hundreds of schools, and learned a set of knowledge of the old Chinese culture. He didn't want to live the life of the exploiting class and become a mengguan teacher in the countryside.

Feng Yunshan and Hong Xiuquan live in the same neighborhood. They are close in age. They were classmates when they were young, and later they worked together as mengguan teachers. In 1843 (the 23rd year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty), Hong Xiuquan founded the cult of worshiping God, and Feng Yunshan and he jointly planned the revolution. Feng Yunshan, who had always sympathized with the poor peasants in the Opium uprising, saw that he was dissatisfied with the poor peasants after he left the Opium uprising.

Going out

In February 1844 (the 24th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty), Hong Xiuquan left his hometown for activities, and Feng Yunshan went with him. Later, the Secretary of Tianqing truth said: "Nanwang was born in Guangdong Province, and his family is rich. He traveled with Tianwang to publicize the truth, rescue brothers and sisters, serve Tianwang every day, experience the dangers of mountains and rivers, appreciate the hardships of wind and rain, leave his country, abandon his wife and son, and in a few years, his servants were exhausted from wind and dust It's hard to bear all the hardships. This passage sums up the history of Feng Yunshan's leaving the original class, abandoning his family and embarking on the revolutionary road.

At that time, Feng Ruisong and Feng Ruizhen went with Hong Xiuquan. When they arrived at baihuxu, lianshanting, northern Guangdong, Hong Xiuquan planned to go deep into the bapai Yaoshan area by himself and distribute Feng Yunshan, Feng Ruisong and Feng Ruizhen to go home. Feng Ruisong and Feng Ruizhen are afraid of hard work and are willing to go home. Feng Yunshan insisted on following Hong Xiuquan closely.

In April of this year, Feng Yunshan and Hong Xiuquan went to Huang Shengjun, the cousin of Hong Xiuquan in Cigu village, Guixian County, Xunzhou Prefecture, Guangxi Province, after propaganda to Yao people in bapai Yao mountain. After more than three months of publicity activities there, Hong Xiuquan decided to go back to Guangdong and asked Feng Yunshan to go back first because his cousin's family was poor and could not live for a long time.

Feng Yunshan was unwilling, so he left Hong Xiuquan in Cigu village and went to Xunzhou city to find a way to continue his activities in Guangxi. There he met a friend named Zhang Yongxiu, who lived with him for more than a month. He heard that there was a Zijing mountain in the north of Guiping county. It was a mountain deep and remote, and people didn't know where to go. After listening, he thought that it was a good place for his secret activities and decided to go.

God worship Society

When you go to Zijing mountain, you have to pass through Xinxu. Xinxu is a large market in the North District of Guiping county. From the new market to the north, there is a small village called Gulin society. Further, it is zijingshankou. Feng Yunshan went to Xinxu first. He stood in the cattle shop and was hired by others. After waiting for a long time, he saw that the market was going to break up, but he still couldn't get an employer, so he went to Gulin society with the people who took advantage of the market and put up with a shop surnamed Zhang. The next day, I borrowed a bamboo basket to collect cow dung. Gradually, he was hired to do odd jobs. Sometimes he picks mud and digs, sometimes he cuts grain. The next year, he went to gaokengchong, Zijing mountain to work as a hired laborer. One day, he went to Zeng huaiying's home to help mow the grass. It was a hot day. When Feng Yunshan came back from Danhe, he put down his burden and wiped the sweat on his forehead. When the south wind came, he was so happy that he couldn't feel it. He sang in the wind and said, "the smoke of the south wind can relieve the anger of our people; when the south wind comes, it can enrich our people's wealth." Zeng huaiying was sleeping on a bamboo couch under the south window to enjoy the cool. He was very surprised. He asked Feng Yunshan, "have you ever read a book? Why do you come here to hire? " Feng Yunshan replied, "I once studied for an exam and lived in my village. I've long admired the wonderful scenery of the Bauhinia mountains and wanted to come here for sightseeing. Because I'm unfamiliar with people and don't work as an employee, I have no chance to come here. " They were talking in front of the door. Feng Yunshan is well versed in history and is very respectful to Zeng huaiying as a guest. This winter, he recommended Feng Yunshan to be a teacher at Zeng Yuzhen's home in Dachong.

In the Bauhinia mountain area, there is a place called pingzaishan, where charcoal burning people live. In those days, there were still hundreds of people who lived in the charcoal kilns. They spent many years burning charcoal in the mountains. They could not satisfy their hunger and clothing. He took advantage of being a teacher in Zeng Yuzhen's house as a cover, taught, and went to talk with them. He asked them about their hunger and cold, and enthusiastically helped them solve their difficulties. At the same time, they used religious parlance to publicize to them that Yama and Bodhisattva are all goblins, helping landlords and the poor, and only God cares for the poor. God is the only true God. Everyone is born and raised by God. We are brothers and sisters. We should worship God together. Worship God, everyone has food and clothing, no disaster. He skillfully instilled some simple concepts and political consciousness in the clothes of religion, which made them hate the existing system. So they organized them and founded the God worship revolutionary organization in pingzaishan.

Ping Zai Shan, a group of charcoal burners, was the backbone of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom revolutionary movement. Later, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom called them "Ping Zai Shan Xun Jiu". Feng Yunshan went into the mountains alone, mobilized and organized them, and laid a solid mass foundation for the Taiping Revolution.

When Feng Yunshan publicized to the masses, he publicized to them Hong Xiuquan's great mission of killing demons in heaven. He organized them in pingzaishan and was sent by Hong Xiuquan. He set up the image of savior for Hong Xiuquan among the masses, so that everyone knew their Savior, Mr. Hong, and everyone was looking forward to the arrival of their leader.

Arrested and jailed

In July of 1847 (the 27th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty), Hong Xiuquan arrived at pingzaishan. In just three years, Feng Yunshan created this situation and set up a revolutionary organization, which made Hong Xiuquan overjoyed. They write pamphlets and send them every day. Soon after, more than 2000 poor farmers from nearby villages joined the God worship Association. So Hong Xiuquan wrote memorials with Feng Yunshan, Zeng Shuzheng, Zeng Yujing and Zeng Guanlan, asking God to choose a safe and secure place as a revolutionary base. In September, they went to Xiangzhou to destroy the Ganwang temple and launched a religious struggle. Then, they destroyed all the social altars in Zuoshui and Youshui areas of the Zijing mountain, and publicized to the local farmers that they should worship God as a whole, oppose the laws of the Qing Dynasty, and lead the political struggle from the religious struggle, which frightened the landlord class.

On November 21, Wang Zuoxin, a scholar from Wuxuan County, a landowner in Mengchong Shiren village of Zijing mountain, started a group practice to capture Feng Yunshan. On the way to the government, Zeng yasun and Lu Liu led the brothers of the God worship association to recapture them on the road. On December 12, Wang Zuoxin returned to the League training and arrested Hong Xiuquan, Feng Yunshan, Lu Liu and Zeng Yuzhen to solve the Huangjiang division of Jiaotong University. Wang Ji, the chief inspector of dahuangjiang, left Hong Xiuquan and Zeng Yuzhen to take bribes and sent Feng Yunshan and Lu LiuJie to Guiping County, where they were sent to prison. Wang Zuoxin gathered thousands of people in an alliance and went to Guiping county to sue Feng Yunshan for not following the Qing Dynasty law.

In the law of the Qing Dynasty, this is a crime of treason, which is listed as the top ten evil crimes. Not only will I be sentenced to death, but also my family members will sit together. However, Feng Yunshan felt fearless. He was in prison and didn't want to waste his time. He saw that the calendar was full of conflicts, the years were disordered, the seasons were out of place, the calculation was cumbersome, and it was inconvenient for the people to apply it. He had long had the idea of reform. So he devoted himself to the study of the calendar, and created a new calendar, Tianli, which divides the year into four seasons, uses the beginning of spring as the beginning of the year, conforms to the laws of nature, has simple and neat arithmetic, and is close to the ideal standard.

Before Feng Yunshan was arrested, the Qing government was very decadent. In the face of the revolutionary situation in which the seeds of the uprising spread all over the country, the emperors, undergraduates, military aircraft ministers in the imperial court, as well as the governors and governors of various provinces, were unable to put out the revolt. They all hoped to make peace, whitewash their peace, and were afraid of hearing about revolutionary cases. It is a common practice for state and county officials to avoid concealment. When Wang Liejian, the magistrate of Guiping County, saw that Wang Zuoxin had accused Feng Yunshan of treason and rebellion, he was facing the taboo of the officials and did not dare to interfere. However, he refused to relax Feng Yunshan, because this big problem is a good excuse for these corrupt officials to blackmail the people. They will never let go of their dissatisfaction with their greed.

Although the farmers burning charcoal in Pingshan are all hungry and cold, they want to save their leading comrades. They are willing to put up with more hunger and cold for their whole family. For every 100 Jin of charcoal sold, they draw out a part of the charcoal money to save Feng Yunshan, which is called "Ketan". Sure enough, he raised a large sum of money to bribe the corrupt officials in Xunzhou Prefecture and Guiping county. Lu Liu had already died in prison. In May 1848 (the 28th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty), Jia Zhucai, the county magistrate of Guiping, took Feng Yunshan as a good example to teach people to respect heaven. He was moving and "did not commit banditry and lawlessness". He sent two officers to escort him back to Huaxian County, Guangdong Province, and handed him over to the local officials of his origin.

On the way, Feng Yunshan moved the two clerks by the principle of worshiping God to avoid disaster and save the world. They are not only willing to release Feng Yunshan immediately, but also willing to abandon their errands to follow Feng

Chinese PinYin : Feng Yun Shan