Yunchang

Yunchang

It's not easy? It was first made in Yuan Dynasty (497 BC). The surname is si. He is the descendant of Shaokang, the king of Xia Dynasty, and the king of Yue in the spring and Autumn period. He was the successor of Gou.

After the death of his father Tan, Yunchang succeeded to the throne of Yue. After he ascended the throne, Yunchang accepted the advanced production technology from all over the Central Plains, developed agriculture, ceramics, textile, shipbuilding, weaving and so on, especially the smelting industry. He once ordered ouyezi to cast swords, and got five bronze swords with excellent workmanship, tenacity and sharpness. As a result, the national strength was strong and expanded outwards. In his later years, the territory of Yue extended to Gouwu (now Zhuji, Zhejiang), yu'er (now Jiaxing), Yin (now Ningbo) and Gumei (now Longyou) in the south, north, East and West, and the northeast of Jiangxi also belonged to Yue. The state of Yue began to be called king since it was granted to Chang. Yunchang was the founder of Yue's hegemonic activities.

In the eighth year of King Zhou Jing (537 B.C.), Wu and Yue fought at the northern border of Yue (now southwest of Jiaxing, Zhejiang). Soon the two sides made peace. In the 10th year of King Jing of Zhou Dynasty (510 BC), King Helu of Wu sent troops to attack Vietnam and occupied Li and other places. In the 15th year, Yunchang took advantage of the fact that the state of Wu launched an army against Chu and the country was empty, and sent troops to invade the territory of Wu. Since then, the resentment between Wu and Yue has deepened, and wars have become increasingly frequent. In the 23rd year of King Jing of Zhou Dynasty (497 BC), Yunchang died, his son Gou Jian succeeded to the throne, and was buried in Muke of Kuaiji, which is known as "Muke grave".

Profile

The founding of Yue began in Wuyu, after more than a thousand years. It was not until the reign of emperor Yunchang that it began to grow stronger and stronger. Shiji · yueshijia · Zhengyi quoted yudizhi as saying: "Yue Marquis passed on to the state for more than 30 years. From Yin Dynasty to King Zhou Dynasty, there was Yue Marquis tan. Confucius said" Yunchang "and" Tuotu "began to be great. He was called king. In the spring and Autumn period, he was demoted as a son and named Yu Yue." Volume 6 of the spring and Autumn Annals of the Wu and Yue states: "the prosperity of the Yue Dynasty originated from the Yuan Dynasty." Although there are few records of Yunchang in historical records, we can still see that Yunchang is the first successful monarch in the history of Yue State and the founder of the overlord activities of Yue State from the relevant materials scattered in various documents.

Character achievement

Expand the territory

Since Wuyu, the ruling area of Yue has been centered on Kuaiji. According to historical records, "King Gou Jian of Yue, first It was sealed in Kuaiji. "Wuyu was first granted the title of Dayue, and the capital of Qinyu looked South In the great Yue Dynasty, Li, nangumo and Qianshu were the most popular in Zhejiang Province. These records only show the central area and territory of Yue's rule. The first clear record of the early territory of Yue in historical records can be found in Guoyu: "the place of Goujian is juwu in the South (now Zhuji, Zhejiang), Yuer in the North (now Jiaxing, Zhejiang), Yin in the East (now Ningbo, Zhejiang), Gumei in the West (now Quzhou, Zhejiang), and Guangyun Baili." Its range is roughly in the present Ningshao plain, Hangjiahu Plain and Jinqu hilly area. From the perspective of archaeological excavation, geometric impression pottery and other relics with obvious Yue cultural characteristics have been unearthed in this area. Therefore, it is certain that the "land of Goujian" mentioned in Guoyu is the territory of the early Yue State. Although the territory of Yue in the early period can not be compared with that of Chu, it was still relatively large in the southern vassal states at that time. In 490 bc, Gou Jian was pardoned and returned to his country. Fu Chai granted him a place of 100 Li: "tanbin in the East, zhouzong in the west, built in the mountains in the south, thinner than the sea in the north." Its area is less than one tenth of the original. Later, Wu "increased the number of seals" and "extended to Gouwu in the East, Li in the west, Gumo in the south, and plain in the north, stretching more than 800 Li." This time, though it was eight times larger than that of the first time, Fu Chai said, "my country has prospered for thousands of miles. Although I have granted it, I have not finished it." It is enough to show that the early territory of Yue was relatively vast. Now we need to make it clear that the above-mentioned early territory of Yue was developed by Gou Jian after he came to power. Was it originally there? From the existing historical data, it is the latter rather than the former. Firstly, before he became a slave in Wu Dynasty, Gou Jian did not have the conditions to expand his theoretical field. On the one hand, his father Yunchang has just passed away, and the situation is unstable, so he has no energy to expand his territory; on the other hand, time is pressing, so it is impossible to expand his territory. In 497 BC, Yunchang died. In 496 BC, at the beginning of Gou Jian's accession to the throne, he Lu, king of Wu, took advantage of Yunchang's funeral to attack Yue. Two years later, Fu Chai, the king of Wu, attacked Yue to avenge his father's death. Then Gou Jian was enslaved in Wu for three years and returned to his country in 490 bc. With such a series of wars and unfortunate experiences, there is no condition to open up territory! Secondly, in the early days of his succession, Gou Jian had no ambition to expand his territory. According to the records of Yue aristocratic family and Guoyu · Yue Yuxia, Gou Jian was born around 520 B.C., and his vogue to ascend the throne was about 20 years old. Gou Jian himself said: "our ancestors have been living in the world. If we don't take the throne in the valley, we are young and have no perseverance. If we go out, we will have a shortage of birds and if we go in, we will have a shortage of wine. My people do not plan, only boats and cars. " It shows that Gou Jian was a rather decadent young monarch in his early years. How can such a monarch be ambitious and open up territory! Especially after the lucky victory of the battle of Li in 496 BC, Gou Jian thought that "there was no Helu, and Wu was not afraid of it", so he relaxed his vigilance, did not pay attention to military equipment, and did not seek territorial expansion. Thirdly, from the perspective of the position of Wu and Yue in their early battles, the use of marching troops did not surpass the territory of Yue in the period of Yunchang. In 510 B.C., "the king of Wu conquered Chu in the south rather than in the south." Po Li (now southwest of Jiaxing, Zhejiang) ". After more than ten years, in 496 BC, "when King Helu of Wu heard that Yunchang died, he set up his army to defeat Yue.". Gou Jian led the army to resist, "Wu division was defeated by Li". In the southwest of Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, it is an important defensive town in the north of Yue State. In his later years and early years, both Yunchang and Goujian fought fiercely with the state of Wu here. It can be seen that the territory in the north of Yue remained unchanged. In 494 BC, Gou Jian learned that "Fu Chai, the king of Wu, fought day and night to repay Yue". He sent troops to attack Wu and fight in Fu Jiao. The Yue army was defeated. He retreated to Zhejiang (today's Qiantang River) and then returned to Kuaiji. With only 5000 Jia soldiers, he lived on Kuaiji mountain, which was the last foothold of Yue. According to historical records, "Yu and Zhou traveled all over the world and returned to Da Yue At least Kang, fearing Yu's death in the ancestral temple, granted his son Yu Yue the title of "Wuyu". It also contains "King Gou Jian of Yue, first of all It was sealed in Kuaiji. All these records show that since the founding of the people's Republic of China, Vietnam has been taking Kuaiji as its main base. Gou Jian's family was defeated and returned to Kuaiji's hometown because there was no other place to go. This also proves that Gou Jian did not open up new territory in his early days. In this way, the "land of Goujian" mentioned in Guoyu was not developed after Gou Jian succeeded to the throne, but inherited his predecessors' existing foundation. Correctly speaking, the "land of Guangyun hundred Li" with "South as Gouwu, north as Yuer, East as Yin and West as Gumei" was the territory of Yue kingdom in the early reign of Yunchang and Goujian. Who were the pioneers of Yue's early territory? Since the founding of Wuyu, it has lasted for 1500 or 600 years. During this period, there are documented Yue monarchs, as well as Wu Ren, Wu Yi, Wu Tan, and Yun Chang. The only record of territory expansion is Yun Chang. "There is Yue Hou Fu tan. Confucius said that Yun Chang started to expand his territory and become king." "Yue's rise and hegemony will continue." According to these records and the specific circumstances of Gou Jian's early accession to the throne, the early pioneers of the kingdom of Yue were none other than Yun Chang, the king of Yue.

Develop production

The development of social economy has a continuous and gradual process. Although there is no comprehensive record in the historical records of the specific measures taken by the king of Yue to develop production, the outstanding examples in some areas of production are sufficient to prove that the level of production during the reign of Yunchang has exceeded any previous historical period. in the period of no surplus, "people lived in the mountains, and although they had the benefit of bird fields, they rented tribute money to the ancestral temple for sacrifice. It was cultivated along with the land of the mausoleum, or fed by the birds and deer. No more than simple, no palace decoration, from the people living. It reflected the economic development level of Yue at that time, which was still in the stage of semi nomadic and semi farming. In the period of Yunchang, agricultural production was the main source of livelihood of the people of Yue. As the political and economic center, the capital of Yue began to move from mountainous areas to plains. According to historical records, "Wuyu was granted the title of Dayue at the beginning, and the capital of Qinyu looked south.". It is also recorded that "there are rules in the south of the mountain.". Now there is a big city, the old capital of the king of Yue. " Whether it's "Qinyu looking south" or "Jiaogui", it's all in the mountains. At the time of Yunchang, the capital of Yue began to transfer to the plain area for the need of economic development and industrial activities. It is recorded in volume four ten of shuijingzhu: "in the spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue, the so-called capital of the king of Yue is in the northern boundary of Zhuji." Although Li Daoyuan did not indicate that the king of Yue was Yunchang, all kinds of documents from the Southern Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty confirmed that Yuzhong was the capital of Yunchang. In Kuaiji Ji, Kong lingfu of the Southern Dynasty said: "there is an ancient Yue city in the northeast of Zhuji, and it was the capital in the middle of Yue. Leaving the palace and leaving the hall, the remains still exist. " In addition, it is recorded in Yuanhe county annals of Song Dynasty, Taiping Huanyu annals, Shaoxing Prefecture annals of Wanli of Ming Dynasty, Zhujia county annals of Qianlong of Qing Dynasty and Zhejiang Tongzhi. In today's Diankou and ruanshi areas of Zhuji, Yuzhong is a circular alluvial fan plain with low-lying terrain and rivers. It is far superior to the old capital of Vietnam in terms of economic development and military strength. In 494 BC, in the battle of Fu Jiao, the state of Yue was defeated, and the central part of Yu was also occupied by the Wu army, which caused serious damage. Gou Jian said, "the state of Wu is not a Taoist, and we are looking at the ancestral temple, the plain, and the Buddha's blood food." In this case, Gou Jian had to move his capital to other places. "Those who went up to the city in Kuaiji mountains were defeated in the battle with Wu. According to the textual research of Mao Qiling in the Qing Dynasty, the so-called "Kuaiji mountain city" means "Kuaiji mountain city"

Chinese PinYin : Yun Chang