Zhu Jianfan

Zhu Jianfan

Zhu Jianfan (1883-1932), male, Han nationality, was a famous revolutionary educator in modern China. He was once known as Zhou Jiachun. He was born in Ningxiang, Changsha, Hunan Province, and was Wang Jiaxiang's father-in-law. In his early years, he studied in Japan. After returning to China, he destroyed his family and set up a school in 1905. He changed his private garden into Zhounan women's school, which is the predecessor of Zhounan Middle School in Ningxiang, Changsha City, Hunan Province.

In 1919, he invested in the May 4th movement, founded the Institute of health, took part in the struggle to expel the warlord zhang Jingyao, and funded Mao Zedong to establish a cultural publishing house. In 1920, he was elected as a provincial Councillor and participated in the first National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang. He served successively as the Party committee of Changsha Municipal Party Department of the national government, member of Hunan provincial government, director of Changsha Municipal preparatory office, etc. After the "Ma RI incident", he was wanted by the national government. In 1930, with Song Qingling, Lu Xun and other organizations launched the liberal movement alliance. He died in 1932.

Zhu Jianfan advocated democratic revolution, took an active part in the new cultural movement against imperialism and feudalism, and cultivated students with democratic and scientific ideas. After the founding of the Communist Party of China, he gradually accepted Marxism Leninism and the leadership of the party, embarked on the road of the new democratic revolution, and fought for the revolution to the last breath of his life. Comrade Mao Zedong spoke highly of Mr. Zhu Jianfan's revolutionary morality and perseverance, calling him "a man of great backbone".

brief account of the author's life

In the 27th year of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu changed his surname to Zhu's ancestor. Zhu Jianfan's original name was Zhou Jiachun. After the Republic of China, it was changed to Zhu Jianfan, and later he wrote "fan" as "fan".

He was born in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province in 1883.

He married Wei xiangruo in 1900. In 1902, he went to Japan and enrolled in Hongwen Normal University. During his study abroad, he met Huang Xing, Chen Tianhua, etc. and participated in the revolutionary activities of students studying in Japan.

In 1904, he returned to Changsha, Hunan Province, and worked as a teacher in Ningxiang Tacheng Normal University.

On May 1, 1905, she donated her private house to run a girls' school, named "Zhou family school".

In 1907, the women's school was officially named Zhounan women's school. In the same year, he led the students to take part in the struggle against the so-called "state-owned railway" in the Qing Dynasty and held a strike.

In 1908, he destroyed his family and set up a school, donated 111000 silver yuan worth of private houses, gardens and other assets, and expanded Zhounan school.

In 1910, the women's school was renamed Zhounan women's normal school.

In 1911, he led the students to participate in the revolutionary activities and encouraged the Hunan new army to respond to the Wuchang Uprising.

From 1912 to 1913, he successively served as the first women's Normal University in Hunan Province, the president of Changsha Normal University and the president of Changsha primary school board. Later, he was forced to resign as the president of a women's normal university because he opposed Tang Xiangming's support of yuan as emperor. Women's school was renamed private Zhounan women's school.

In 1916, Zhounan changed to an ordinary middle school, officially named Hunan private Zhounan women's middle school, and still served as the principal.

In 1918, he and Xu Teli formed the "Health Association" and supported the students to run the magazine "women's bell".

In 1919, he united the educational circles to carry out the struggle of "expelling Zhang" (Jingyao). Support students to set up "national salvation group of ten" and "national goods maintenance association" to carry out activities. In the same year, he also served as the head of fund-raising organization for Hunan work study students in France. Zhu Jianfan and Xu Teli united with educators to cooperate with students' actions, fought face-to-face with warlord zhang Jingyao, and led 1200 teaching staff of 72 schools in Hunan to strike. He was wanted by the provincial authorities on the charge of "radical party". In 1920, Comrade Mao Zedong was invited to live in the school to discuss social problems, and he was subsidized to set up a cultural publishing house.

In 1923, he also served as the president of Changsha Normal University. Later, he went to Guangdong to follow Dr. Sun Yat Sen and devoted himself to the preparatory work of beivalve. In Guangzhou, he served as the dean of the central political training class and the second adviser of the national revolutionary army.

In 1926, he returned to Changsha and served as a member of the Standing Committee of Changsha Municipal Party Department of the national government. He also served as director of Changsha Municipal preparatory office and director of Changsha Public Security Bureau. After the establishment of the municipal government, he served as mayor. After April 12, he organized the provincial capital conference to denounce Chiang Kai Shek's counter revolutionary crimes and served as the chairman of the conference.

He went to Japan in 1928.

In 1929, he returned to Shanghai and signed Lu Xun's and Song Qingling's proposal for the establishment of the great alliance of freedom as one of the founders. He took part in underground work and took his residence as a secret meeting place for Party organizations.

In the summer of 1932, he died of gastric cancer and was buried in Shanghai cemetery (moved to Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing in 1953).

The female elite who came out of Zhu Jianfan's family is enough to make him famous. Let's take a look at his female disciples: Xiang Jingyu, Cai Chang, Yang Kaihui, Shuai Mengqi, Lao junzhan, Huang Yi, Cao Mengjun, Ding Ling, Lao an (Mrs. Zhu Rongji)

Six of Zhu Jianfan's eight children are communists. His eldest daughter-in-law is also a communist. His second son-in-law Xiao Jingguang (the first commander of the Navy and general of new China) and his third son-in-law Wang Jiaxiang are even more famous Communists. In particular, Zhu Zhongli, the youngest daughter of Zhu Jianfan, studied in Shanghai southeast medical college. Later, she came to Yan'an, the holy land of revolution, and engaged in medical work. She has seen Mao Zedong, Zhu De and many other central leaders ill.

Once, Mao Zedong sighed and said to Zhu Zhongli, "Alas! Your father died too early, or he would be our minister of education. It's a pity. "

Social contribution

Devote oneself to the family, help the world and create women's school

In 1904, Zhu Jianfan returned home from his studies. In 1905, Zhu Jianfan decided to set up a women's school, saying: "women are in the dark, and there is no way to be brilliant without education." At that time, the Qing government banned women's schools, and several women's schools were closed down in Hunan. Zhu Jianfan used strategies to cope with the harsh environment. He donated some private gardens in Tai'an Li, founded a women's school, set up normal classes, attached primary schools and kindergartens, and falsely called "Zhou family school".

In 1908, Zhounan added music, sports, sewing and other specialties, expanded school buildings to more than 80, and the equipment was quite perfect. Zhou Nan's reputation has risen rapidly, and the number of students has increased to more than 600.

Zhu Jianfan donated all the private gardens in tai'anli, which covers an area of 440 square meters, as the permanent school site in Zhounan. He also exchanged his property with his elder brother for another part of the gardens in tai'anli, and then sold his property. With the proceeds, he bought 628 square meters of land, which were used to expand the school. In total, Zhu Jianfan successively donated assets worth more than 110000 silver yuan. This event shocked all walks of life in Changsha.

School fees are limited, and it is very difficult economically. After the Republic of China, Zhou Nan was awarded by the government, with an annual subsidy of 4800 yuan. The school is still unable to make ends meet, losing nearly 2000 yuan a year. Zhu Jianfan continued to pawn and sell land products. His wife, Wei xiangruo, also gave up her jewelry. Zhu Jianfan also persuaded his mother to donate money and told him about the difficulties of running the school. He was tearful and couldn't get up on his knees. The old lady was shocked by her son's enthusiasm and gave her money to help her.

Huang Xing, a famous revolutionary in Hunan Province, respected Zhu Jianfan's righteous deeds and donated 1000 liang of silver to help Zhounan expand.

Zhu Jianfan devoted himself to running a school. He not only devoted himself to his family wealth, but also to his fame and power. In the 1920s, he went to Beijing three times to attend the National Conference on sex education on behalf of Hunan educational circles. When fan Yuanlian was the premier of state, he intended to appoint him as the director general of education, and he also resigned.

Reforming society and running education

Zhu Jianfan advocated saving the country through education and cultivating talents to help the world. The school running policy of "combining teaching with social life, serving for social reform and construction" is put forward.

To run a school, we should first strive to be a good teacher. He is a man of great learning. When Zhou Nan was first founded, he invited his good friend Xu Teli to be the teaching director, and also taught Chinese, history and geography. He also supported Xu Teli to visit Shanghai and Japan to learn new knowledge. After a lot of efforts, Zhou Nan was a group of wise people, including famous progressive figures such as Zhang Weiyi, Chen ZhangFu and Zhou Shizhao, as well as classical literature experts such as Li Xiaodan and Tang Meicun. Hunan is short of English teachers, so he hired Xie Zhongren from Zhejiang. At the end of the period, in order to retain Xie, he knelt down and begged. Zhu Jianfan is not easy to bend down. At the beginning of the restoration, Tan Yankai was appointed as the governor of Hunan Province and asked him to be the director of the Department of education. He resented Tan's evil deeds of killing Jiao Dafeng and Chen Zuoxin, who were members of the revolutionary party. He flatly refused, but in order to retain a good teacher, he did not hesitate to kneel down and spread a good story in the province.

Zhu Jianfan runs Zhounan and sets up a rigorous school spirit. The school motto is: first, autonomy (control and neatness); second, public spirit (fraternity and benevolence); third, enterprising spirit (diligence and patience). Both teaching and learning have strict rules and regulations, which are firmly implemented. He is more strict with others than with himself. As a principal, he also teaches four or five courses. He makes up his own handouts and gives them to students free of charge. Japanese teachers work as interpreters in class. Three lights, five chickens, tireless.

Zhu Jianfan advocated students' self-study, autonomy and democracy. Spacious library reserves a large number of new books and newspapers, students can read freely. Ask questions and discuss with the teacher. In addition to the prescribed courses, students are also organized to travel, understand the countryside and think about problems. The cadres of the student autonomy association are entirely elected by the students and participate in school affairs meetings to discuss school affairs with the principal and teachers. Classes, dormitories and all kinds of activities are managed by students, and teachers only provide guidance.

For 20 years, Zhu Jianfan has been educating students with patriotism and democracy, advocating freedom of thought, speech and belief, and mobilizing students to fight against imperialism and feudalism.

Zhu Jianfan's desire to cultivate talents for the revitalization of China has gradually come true. Among Zhou Nan's graduates are Xiang Jingyu, the first woman minister of the CPC Central Committee, Cai Chang, the first president of the all China Women's Federation of new China, Ding Ling, a well-known writer at home and abroad, and so on. Cai Chang left from a feudal family. Zhu Jianfan asked her to study in Zhounan without paying tuition and board expenses. His wife Wei xiangruo treated her as if she were a family member. After graduation, she was left as a PE teacher

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Jian Fan