Gao Yuhan

Gao Yuhan

Gao Yuhan (1888-1948), formerly known as Gao Gao Gao, was born in Zhengyangguan, Shouxian County, Anhui Province. In his early years, he went to Japan to study in Waseda University.

In 1907, he graduated and returned to Anqing to engage in secret anti Qing activities. In 1908, he took part in the Ma Pao camp uprising led by Xiong Chengji. After the 1911 Revolution, he was Secretary General of Anhui youth army and met Chen Duxiu. He joined the Socialist Youth League in the winter of 1920. In 1921, five volumes of vernacular letters were published to publicize socialist thoughts. In May, Wuhu society was organized and Wuhu semimonthly was founded. In 1923, he participated in the establishment of Wuhu Labor Association and joined the Communist Party of China. In April 1924, he attended the first National Congress of Anhui Province of the Kuomintang in Wuhan and was elected executive member of the provincial Party department. In 1928, he went to Shanghai to participate in the activities of the chunye Bookstore branch of the Communist Party of China and guide the literature and art work of the sun society.

He was expelled from the Communist Party in November 1929. Later, he went to Peking University to teach. After Chen Duxiu was arrested by the Kuomintang authorities in the winter of 1932, Gao Yuhan fled to Hong Kong to teach. In May 1939, he settled in Jiangjin, Sichuan Province with Chen Duxiu and translated Encyclopedia Britannica with him. In May 1942, Chen Duxiu died, and Gao Yuhan helped to take care of his affairs. After that, he moved to Chen Mingshu's home and wrote ancient poems. He died of illness in 1948.

Early experience

After the 1911 Revolution, he was Secretary General of Anhui youth army and met Chen Duxiu. In 1912, he went to teach in Qingdao, Shandong Province. After 1915, he made a living by writing in Shanghai, actively participated in the new culture movement and wrote for the new youth. In the autumn of 1916, he went to Wuhu as the supervisor of the fifth provincial middle school and taught English. He founded a student autonomy Association and two business night schools in the school, supporting Jiang Guangci, Qian Xingyou, Li Kenong and other organizations to set up an she. In 1919, students were mobilized to contact Wuhu schools, and a patriotic struggle was launched in support of the May 4th Movement in Beijing. In July, students were dismissed. Transferred to the second agricultural school teachers, actively promote students to work study in France. He left school for Shanghai in the winter of the same year. In the winter of 1920, he joined the Socialist Youth League and returned to Wuhu No.5 Middle School to teach. At the beginning of 1921, five vernacular letters were published to publicize socialist thoughts. In May, Wuhu society was organized and Wuhu semimonthly was founded.

Join the Communist Party of China

In January 1921, Gao Yuhan had become one of the early backbone of the Communist Party of China and one of the preparers of the Socialist Youth League. He compiled the handouts in Wuhu No.5 Middle School, Gongdu school and other schools into "vernacular letters", which was published by Shanghai Yadong library. He was as famous as "collection of attempts" and "Duxiu Wencun", and became another major work of the new cultural movement. In August of the next year, Gao Yuhan attended the second National Congress of the Communist Party of China and was sent by the party organization to study in Germany. In Gottingen University, while studying, he was engaged in party work, and together with Zhang Shenfu and others, he established the general branch of the Chinese Communist Party in Europe. In the book of nine deaths, he recalled: "on Saturdays or Sundays, we have a dinner together. It's probably Shu Yin, Lao Zheng, Xiao Fang, Mr. and Mrs. Zhu De and I who often stay with us Shi Shuyin, sun Bingwen, Zhu De, Zhang Bojun and others joined the Communist Party and the Kuomintang by my own hand. " In the spring of 1923, he participated in the establishment of Wuhu Labor Association. In August, he went to Germany to study with Zhang Bojun and others and went to Gottingen University for further study. He participated in the patriotic and anti imperialist activities organized by the Communist Party branch in Germany. In April 1924, he attended the first National Congress of Anhui Province of the Kuomintang in Wuhan. In June, he served as Secretary General of the general headquarters of the second front army of the national revolutionary army. In the spring of 1925, he returned to Shanghai to meet Chen Duxiu and worked as a teacher in a civilian girls' school. He participated in the May 30th Movement and was once the director of the Propaganda Department of the Shanghai Federation of trade unions. In August, he was sent to Wuhu to guide the affairs of Anhui KMT provincial departments after the cooperation between the KMT and the CPC, and set up a special branch of the CPC in Wuhu. In December of the same year, he was sent to Guangzhou as chief political instructor of Huangpu Military Academy. At one time, he and Deng Yanda, Yun Daiying and Zhang Zhizhong were framed as "four murderers of Huangpu" by Chiang Kai Shek. (4.12) counter revolutionary coup, for example, a large number of Communist Party members of Huangpu Military Academy, including Xiong Xiong, the chief political instructor and the last director of the political department, and cadets Gao Guojiu (his eldest son) and Gao guijiu (his second son), were arrested in the "Qing party" and imprisoned in Guangzhou South Stone prison. A few days later, Xiong Xiong and Gao guijiu were executed by gunshot. It took more than two years for Gao Guojiu, together with Zhang Guoping and Dai Guanyu, to get out of prison and continue to engage in revolutionary activities. Later, he and his sister Gao Yunjiu (their daughter) were killed by the reactionaries. In January 1926, as a representative of the Kuomintang in Anqing City, he attended the second National Congress of the Kuomintang and served as the Secretary of the Communist Party of China. He was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang and soon served as the director of political training of the Guangdong Peasant Movement Institute. After conquering Wuchang, the Northern Expedition army came to Hankou in the winter of the same year and presided over the Anhui party affairs cadre school run by the Anhui provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang. In April 1924, he attended the first National Congress of Anhui Province of the Kuomintang in Wuhan and was elected executive member of the provincial Party department. He soon served as the special commissioner of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang in Sichuan, and as the party representative of the 20th army of the national revolutionary army of the Yang Sen Department. In June, he served as Secretary General of the general headquarters of the second front army of the national revolutionary army. In late July, he participated in the preparations for launching the Nanchang Uprising. He had a secret meeting with Liao Qianwu, Ye Jianying, and learned of Wang Jingwei and Zhang Fakui's plot to hold the Lushan meeting against the Communist Party. On August 1, he took part in the Nanchang Uprising and served as the Secretary of the Revolutionary Committee. After being frustrated by the uprising army going south to Guangdong, they were sent to Hong Kong by the former Party Committee for liaison work. Zeng Shu reported the Nanchang Uprising to the CPC Central Committee and soon moved to Macao. In 1928, he transferred to Shanghai to participate in the activities of the chunye Bookstore branch of the Communist Party of China and guide the literature and art work of the sun society. He had a close relationship with Chen Duxiu, showed great sympathy for him, and gradually drew close to him. On December 15, with the signature of Chen Duxiu and others, we published 81 people's "our political opinions" and participated in the activity of entrusting Chen to cancel the faction. Later, he went to Peking University to teach. After Chen Duxiu was arrested by the Kuomintang authorities in the winter of 1932, he moved to Hong Kong to teach and sell literature for a living. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war in 1937, Chen Duxiu publicized the Anti Japanese war as a spokesman. In May 1939, he settled down with Chen in Jiangjin, Sichuan, and translated Encyclopedia Britannica with Chen. Chen Duxiu died in May 1942. He helped to take care of the afterlife. After that, he moved to Chen Mingshu's home and wrote ancient poems. In 1945, he wrote a memoir of a life of nine deaths. He died in Nanjing in the spring of 1948.

Characters and deeds

The pioneers of the May 4th Movement

In 1888, Gao Yuhan was born in a famous family of Sinologists in Zhengyangguan, Shouxian county. In 1905, he went to Japan to study at Waseda University. After returning to China in 1907, he went to Anqing to engage in secret anti Qing activities. He once participated in the Ma Pao camp uprising led by Xiong Chengji in 1908. Because he "did not expose his identity, he was able to escape killing." Soon after, Sasuke Han Yan founded Anhui vernacular newspaper. During the revolution of 1911, he was Secretary General of Anhui youth army and met Chen Duxiu. In April 1912, Han Yan, the director of the youth army, was assassinated. Gao Yuhan and Wang Xiaoshan risked their lives to receive and bury them. Soon, he went to Qingdao, Shandong Province, where he was recommended by Gao Yihan to teach. At the end of 1914, Gao Yuhan transferred to Shanghai to make a living by selling literature. He once published a long serial article in Shenzhou daily, sponsored by Yu gumin, named "notes on youth army lectures", to expound the revolutionary spirit of Han Yan's "youth army handouts". From 1915 to 1916, he actively participated in the new culture movement initiated by Chen Duxiu and others in Shanghai, and became one of the contributors of youth magazine. In the first volume of youth magazine, he successively published "the future of youth and the country" and "the enemy of youth". The second volume, new youth, also serializes Qingdao rutongji, written under the pseudonym of Gao Yuhan's Huaiyin fisherman, which deeply exposes the evil of German and Japanese imperialism in Shandong. In the autumn of 1916, Gao Yuhan, recommended by Liu Xiping, went to Wuhu, Anhui Province as the supervisor of the fifth provincial middle school and taught English. In the autumn of 1917, the first student autonomy Association in Anhui Province was established in the fifth provincial middle school. Students were responsible for examining and managing school finance, commenting on Teachers' teaching ability and supervising the kitchen. He proposed to set up work study schools and civilian night schools, the former absorbing poor children to attend school, working part time. Cao Yuan, who was born in the first phase of Huangpu and a famous martyr of the northern expedition, was introduced to the school by Gao. The latter absorbed female workers and rickshaw pullers. In 1918, Gao Yuhan set up two commercial night schools to recruit shop assistants, apprentices and their children from Wuhu. The teachers were teachers and students of the provincial No.5 Middle School. Gao Yuhan once taught in person and compiled teaching materials. Since then, the world-famous vernacular letter has been compiled and has become one of the teaching materials for business evening schools. That year, under the initiative of Gao Yuhan, the anarchic Communist group "an she" was founded in Wuhu. Anshe advertised that it was against power, autocracy and ethics, and published the flower of freedom, which was distributed inside and outside the province. Historical records: his No.5 Middle School is known as "the school holding the" bull's ear "of Anhui student movement.". On May 4, 1919, a patriotic demonstration of students broke out in Beijing. In the early morning of the next day, Gao Yuhan launched the backbone students of No.5 Middle School to contact each school and make a public speech inside and outside the school. On the evening of May 10, in the name of all the students in Wuhu, Gao Yuhan called the Beiyang government to ask for the immediate release of the arrested students and strive to return them to Qingdao. He also called Shanghai Shenbao and the provincial education associations, the Senate, the students' Federation and the Guangzhou Military Government to appeal for support. He also called the provincial county chambers of Commerce, the industry association, schools and farmers' associations to "ask for quick power struggle.". The next day, it was delivered at the teachers and students' Congress of Wuhu

Chinese PinYin : Gao Yu Han