Zheng Chenggong

Zheng Chenggong

Zheng Chenggong (1624.08.28-1662.06.23), whose real name is Sen, also known as Fusong, has the characters Mingyan and Damu. He is from Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian Province. His ancestral home is Gushi, Henan Province. Han nationality, militarist in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, famous general in anti Qing Dynasty, national hero. His father, Zheng Zhilong, and his mother, Tian Chuan. During Hongguang's reign, Jiansheng was given the surname "Zhu" of Ming Dynasty by Emperor menglongwu. He changed his name to Zhu Chenggong and was granted the title of zhongxiaobo. He was known as "Zheng's surname", "Zheng's surname" and "Guo's surname Lord" in the world. He was also known as "Zheng Yanping" because emperor mengyongli granted the title of King Yanping.

In 1645 (the second year of Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, the first year of Hongguang reign of the Qing Dynasty), the Qing army invaded Jiangnan, and soon Zheng Zhilong came down to the Qing Dynasty, and Tian Chuan's family committed suicide in the chaos army. Zheng Chenggong led his father's old army to fight against the Qing Dynasty in the southeast coast of China, and became one of the main military forces in the late Nanming Dynasty. At one time, he raided Jiangning mansion (Nanjing of the Ming Dynasty) by sea, but was defeated by the Qing army, so he could only defend Quanzhou mansion with the advantage of sea war Xiamen and Kinmen, the islands of China. In 1661 (the 18th year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty, the 15th year of Yongli), he led his troops across the Taiwan Strait. The following year, he defeated the garrison of the Dutch East India Company in Taiwan (now in Tainan City of Taiwan), recovered Taiwan, and started Zheng's rule in Taiwan.

There is a collection of Yanping kings. After Zheng Chenggong's death, temples were set up one after another in Taiwan, among which Yanping Jun Wang Temple was the most important.

Life of the characters

background

Zheng Chenggong, a native of Shijing Town, Nan'an, Fujian Province, was born in pinghufan, Kyushu, Japan. "Zhangpu Yingli Zheng's Genealogy" clearly records that Zheng Chenggong's ancestors fled to Fujian during the Yongjia period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

There is a passage in Zheng's genealogy in selected materials of Fujian Taiwan relationship genealogy, which indicates that Zheng's entry into Fujian is not the same as that in Sanshan, Puzhang and Chaozhou. The branch that reached Zhangzhou settled down in Longxi in the late Song Dynasty, which is now longhaiyang West Village. In the Yuan Dynasty, it moved from Yangxi to Poshan, which is now the ancient county of yancuo town in Longhai, Fujian Province. Later, he moved from Guxian to Nan'an. The epitaph of juefeng, the 13th ancestor of the Zheng family in Anping, Jinjiang, was written by Hong Chengchou, the governor of the three sides of the Ming Dynasty. In the epitaph of Zheng Chenggong, Hong Chengchou stated: "Zheng '. The epitaph also mentioned that due to frequent Japanese invasion, they were forced to move south to Anping area in Jinjiang, which is now Anhai area.

Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, was a maritime businessman and head of a maritime smuggling group. He had five wives in his life, the second of whom was a Japanese. At that time, the Japanese authorities attached great importance to Zheng Zhilong, and Matsuura, the Lord of Pinghu, also gave him a residence. In 1623 (the third year of the Apocalypse), when Zheng Zhilong went to Japan to do business, he married a local woman, tanagawa. On August 28, 1624 (July 15, Tianqi 4), Zheng Chenggong was born in qianlibin, Kawabata, Japan.

Youth

< sub > see: the Qing army's entry into the pass < / sub > < sub >, < / sub > < sub > the battle of the Qing Dynasty to destroy the Hongguang regime in Nanming

Zheng Chenggong lived with his mother in Pinghu before he was six years old. It was not until Zheng Zhilong, his father, was recruited as an official by the Ming government, that he was taken back to live and study in fuanping, Quanzhou (formerly Anping Town, Jinjiang County, Fujian Province, now Anhai Town), which is now the site of Anhai Chenggong primary school.

In 1638 (the 11th year of Chongzhen), Zheng Chenggong passed the examination of scholar and became one of the 20 "catering students" in Nan'an county.

In 1641 (the fourteenth year of Chongzhen), she married the niece of Dong Yangxian, the Minister of rites of Huizhou Jinshi in Quanzhou, Fujian Province.

In 1644, he was sent to Jinling to study. Zheng Chenggong went to Nanjing Guozijian for further study. Zheng Zhilong hired a teacher for his son to teach him how to read. He learned from Qian Qianyi, a famous Confucian scholar in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Zheng Chenggong was named Fusong when he was a child, and the teacher named him

Sen

It contains the meaning of deep rectification and prosperity. In order to encourage Zheng Chenggong, Qian Qianyi took his place“

Big wood

”It's a sign. In the same year, Li Zicheng conquered Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in the coal mountain, and the Ming Dynasty perished. Then Wu Sangui, the commander in chief of Mingshan customs, led the Qing army into Beijing, defeated Li Zicheng and settled in Beijing. In 1645, the next year, he was changed to Hongguang.

On May 15, 1645 (the second year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty, the first year of Hongguang), Prince Duoduo of Yu of the Qing Dynasty led his troops to the south, broke Yangzhou and occupied Nanjing. Shi Kefa, the Minister of the Ministry of war, and others died. Emperor Hongguang was captured and killed, and the Hongguang regime perished.

Longwu period

< sub > please refer to: < / sub > < sub > Longwu regime < / sub > < sub >, < / sub > < sub > King Lu's supervision of the state < / sub >

After the collapse of the Hongguang regime, the Qing government adopted a brutal and brutal high-pressure policy in Jiangnan, and forced the government to issue orders, which aroused the anti Qing struggle. At that time, Zheng Zhilong had a heavy hand and became the main military force that emperor Longwu relied on. The brothers Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Hongkui supported Zhu Yujian, the king of Tang Dynasty, as emperor in Fuzhou. In 1645 (the second year of Shunzhi reign of Qing Dynasty, the first year of Hongguang reign), they changed their name to "Longwu" in July. Soon after, Zhu Yihai, the king of Lu, also called "the state of supervision" in Shaoxing, and changed the year to "the first year of the state of supervision of Lu". Although the two regimes of Longwu and lujianguo are determined to recover, they are in constant contradiction and conflict with each other.

After the establishment of the Longwu regime, Zheng Zhilong introduced Zheng Chenggong to Emperor Longwu. Emperor Longwu highly appreciated Zheng Chenggong's talent. He sighed: "I'm sorry that there is no woman to match with Qing. Qing should be loyal to our family. Don't forget it!" It was the highest honor for the emperor to give his daughter as his wife in feudal times. In order to show his love for Zheng Chenggong, Emperor Longwu gave Zheng Chenggong his most respected surname, Zhu, and changed his original name from Sen to Chenggong. From then on, Zheng Sen's name became the name

Zhu Chenggong

. Since then, both inside and outside the imperial court, Zhu was called the surname of the state, and ordinary people respected him as the surname of the state.

Since 1646 (the third year of Shunzhi and the second year of Longwu in Qing Dynasty), Zheng Chenggong began to lead the army, and was ordered to fight with the Qing army in Fujian and Jiangxi for many times, which was highly valued by Emperor Longwu. However, Zheng Zhilong, who really held the military and political power, had no intention to fight against the Qing Dynasty. Even when the Qing army went south to Fujian, he ordered general Shi Fu (also known as Shi Tianfu, uncle of Shi Lang family) of Xianxia pass to withdraw to Fuzhou (the seat of Longwu regime). This led to little resistance when the Qing army invaded northern Fujian.

Hong Chengchou, a Bachelor of the Qing Dynasty, was a native of Nan'an, Quanzhou, and a fellow of Zheng Zhilong. Under the inducement of Wang Jue of the three provinces, Zheng Zhilong, regardless of the opposition of Zheng Chenggong and Zheng Hongkui, decided to take several other sons north to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. Zheng Chenggong failed to dissuade his father, so he had to take some soldiers out of Jinmen. Zheng Zhilong thought that after the Qing Dynasty, he would not only protect his family property, but also increase his official rank. Unexpectedly, BOLUO, the commander-in-chief of the Qing army's expedition to Fujian, broke his promise. He not only took Zheng Zhilong with other scholars to Yanjing, but also sent troops to attack Nanan, the hometown of the Zheng family. At that time, Cheng Chenggong's mother, Tian Chuan, had moved to Nan'an from Japan to settle down. Unfortunately, she was caught in this disaster and hanged herself in the war. When Zheng Chenggong learned that her mother was dead, she strengthened her determination to resist the Qing Dynasty. Chenggong led his father's old army to fight against the Qing Dynasty in the southeast coast of China and became one of the main military forces in the late Nanming Dynasty.

In August 1646 (the third year of Shunzhi and the second year of Longwu in Qing Dynasty), the Qing army conquered Pucheng and Xiapu; Emperor Longwu went to Jiangxi and was captured by the Qing army in Tingzhou, and then died on hunger strike. The emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty was inherited by Zhu Youlang, king of Guangxi, and changed to Yongli.

Refuse to surrender and resist the Qing Dynasty

After the demise of the Longwu regime, Zheng Chenggong avoided Kinmen, and then began to recruit troops from all over the coastal areas, reorganize Zheng Zhilong's old headquarters, and even raised thousands of troops in Nan'ao. In January 1647 (the fourth year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty, the first year of Yongli), Zheng Chenggong vowed to fight against the Qing Dynasty in xiaojinmen (today's Lieyu township of Jinmen county) under the name of "loyal and filial uncle, who wanted to punish the general for his crimes.".

In July 1647 (the fourth year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty, the first year of Yongli), Zheng Chenggong and Zheng Cai's troops attacked Haicheng and failed. In August, Zheng Chenggong and Zheng Hongkui's troops surrounded Quanzhou City. Wang Jin, deputy general of Zhangzhou in the Qing Dynasty, LED the reinforcements to the city, and Zheng's troops were defeated.

In 1648 (the fifth year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty, the second year of Yongli), Lu ruotang, governor of Zhejiang Province of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and others came and returned. After accumulating strength, Zheng Chenggong attacked again to conquer Tong'an county. In May, Zheng's army besieged Quanzhou; in July, Chen Tai, the general of Jingnan, Chen Jin, the governor of Zhejiang and Fujian, and Zhao guozuo, the governor of Fujian, turned to attack Tong'an. Zheng's army was defeated, and many soldiers and civilians were killed and injured. Soon after, the Qing Dynasty reinforcements arrived in Quanzhou. Zheng Chenggong broke the siege of Quanzhou and returned to the sea pathetically. In the same year, Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren, the chief soldiers of Jiangxi Province in the Qing Dynasty, set up troops against the Qing Dynasty in Jiangxi Province, and Li Chengdong, the governor of Guangdong Province in the Qing Dynasty, also joined the Yongli regime, which made the momentum of anti Qing and restoration of Ming Dynasty soar for a while. Unfortunately, most of the anti Qing forces were reduced to local resistance without tacit understanding with each other. Soon after, the Qing government suppressed the Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren forces in Jiangxi, and the Li Chengdong army in Guangdong perished the following year (1649).

In 1649 (the sixth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the third year of Yongli), Zheng Chenggong changed the name of Yongli to zhengshuo; Yongli emperor canonized him as "king of Yanping" (county king), from then on, some people also called him "Zheng Yanping".

When the Qing army entered the pass, there was a chaotic situation in Southern Fujian. In addition to the official forces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were local tyrants and mountain bandits everywhere, competing with each other and collecting money and food from the people nearby, just like warlords. Compared with these local forces, Zheng Chenggong had better armaments, but also faced the great challenge of raising food and salaries because of the huge army and the small territory Questions.

1649 (the sixth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Yongli three years)

Chinese PinYin : Zheng Cheng Gong