Zhao Lianfang

Zhao Lianfang

Zhao Lianfang, an agronomist and cytogeneticist, devoted all his life to agricultural education, scientific research and agricultural administration. He is one of the pioneers of modern agricultural science in China. Especially in rice breeding, he presided over the cultivation of a number of early rice varieties, such as maohatou, Nante and shengliji, which laid a foundation for the improvement of rice varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. During the Anti Japanese War, it made a great contribution to the increase of grain and cotton production and export of agricultural products in Sichuan and the rear areas, and to the solution of wartime military supplies and civilian consumption. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, it took over Taiwan's agricultural institutions, eliminated the disadvantages of colonial agriculture, and laid the foundation for the development of Taiwan's agriculture. In his later years, as a rice expert, he was employed by FAO to carry out foreign aid activities and made outstanding contributions to improving rice production in Iraq, Dominica and other developing countries. Another calligrapher of the same name, Zhao Lianfang.

brief introduction

Zhao Lianfang (1894-1968), a rice geneticist and breeder, was born in Luoshan County, Henan Province. He joined the alliance in his early years and took part in the revolutionary war against the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China from 1911 to 1912. He graduated from Tsinghua University in 1921 and went to the United States for further study. In 1923, he received a bachelor's degree from Iowa College of agriculture and technology, and then transferred to the University of Wisconsin to specialize in Crop Genetics and breeding. He received a master's degree (1924) and a doctor's degree (1926). He went to Cornell University to study cytology in the summer of 1923. From 1928 to 1935, he served as professor and director of the Agricultural College of Jinling University, Henan University and Central University. From 1935 to 1949, he was the director of the Agricultural Department of the National Economic Commission, the director of the rice cultivation group of the National Institute of rice and wheat improvement, the director of the rice cultivation Department of the Central Agricultural Experimental Institute, and the director of the agricultural improvement Institute of Sichuan Province. In 1949, he went to Taiwan and successively served as director of the agriculture and Forestry Department of Taiwan Province, technical supervisor of the Ministry of agriculture and forestry, professor and department director of Taiwan University. In 1958, he was elected the second academician and researcher of Academia Sinica. From 1955 to 1958, he was employed by the food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as a rice expert and sent to Iraq to assist in rice improvement. From 1962 to 1964, he was the agricultural consultant of Dominica. The country awarded the "highest medal of the great cross.". Zhao Lianfang published the article "imperial rice of China" as early as 1921. During his study in the United States, he was one of the earliest scholars in the world who studied rice genetics, including "Studies on linkage genetics of rice", "effects of glutinous factors on Mendelian inheritance of rice" and "cytological studies of rice". During the period of teaching and scientific research in China, he published some valuable papers, such as "theory and implementation of rice breeding", "theory and implementation of rice variety identification". We have bred Zhongda Hatou, Zhongda 258 and other excellent rice varieties, guided the rice growers in Jiangxi and Hunan to cultivate Nante and Shengli indica rice, and carried out large-scale demonstration and promotion, creating a large-scale promotion of improved rice varieties in China. During his tenure in the national rice wheat improvement Institute and other units, he collected more than 10 wild rice varieties and more than 3000 varieties, which enriched China's rice variety resources; he also determined the adaptation range of improved varieties through large-scale rice variety comparison experiments, which made an important contribution to the division of rice cultivation regions in China; he initiated the work of rice cultivation verification. After going to Taiwan, he published 25 papers and wrote modern agriculture.

Life

Zhao Lianfang, named Lanping, was born on April 2, 1894 in zhaojiagang, ZhangYue District, Luoshan County, Henan Province. He is the descendant of Zhao Kuangyin, the song Taizu. In 1907, he was admitted to Luoshan County higher primary school. He was diligent, intelligent and worried about the country and the people. He joined the League at the age of 14. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, political corruption, defeat in the Sino Japanese War, Boxer Indemnity, people with lofty ideals often indignant, Zhao Lianfang who is studying primary school is determined to reform, cut hair braids. After hearing about the Wuchang Uprising, he resolutely joined his classmates, Chen Lisan, Chen Zhanpeng, and Luo qinxiu, and with his family on his back, went 500 miles on foot to join the Jiangxi aid Hubei army of the Wuchang revolutionary army and joined the bomb brigade of the death squads, renamed Zhao Shouzhang. Later, he transferred to the army lecture hall of Nanchang people. Because of his excellent study, he was promoted from sergeant class to general class. When he graduated in 1913, he was awarded the rank of major and served as a staff officer in the Yangtze River General Command. He fought in Jiujiang, Hukou, Wucheng, Nanchang and Linchuan, and survived several times. After the defeat of the war, he abandoned his military and began to study in literature. He studied English in Wuchang Private College of English mathematics. The next year, he was admitted to Wuchang Bowen academy, which was founded by the British. He was a fifth grade student with excellent results. After graduating the next year, he was admitted to Tsinghua School in Beijing, and according to the results, he was inserted into the second grade of science. In 1919, when the May 4th Movement broke out in Beijing, Zhao Lianfang took an active part in it and received military training. He led the Tsinghua volunteers to besiege the official residences of traitors Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu and Zhang Zongxiang. when Zhao Lianfang was studying in Tsinghua University, he initiated the establishment of the agricultural society and the Esperanto Society. He was active in thinking and led some young students to make progress and aspire to serve their country. In the summer of 1921, the student movement in Beijing began again, and students of eight universities went on strike and did not take the graduation examination. The Tsinghua authorities, regardless of the general situation, forced the graduation examination, and stipulated that those who did not take the examination would not be issued graduation certificates or sent abroad to study. Most of the students took the exam under pressure. Zhao and other 29 students insisted that the school authorities voluntarily quit school and ordered them to move out of the campus and live in the Wofo temple. After reasoned and argued, according to the relevant agreements between China and the United States, the Ministry of foreign affairs and the U.S. Embassy in China jointly sent personnel to investigate. The results showed that they were all excellent students and were allowed to return to school for another year as the first graduation of the University He graduated in April 1922. Zhao was selected to be a sophomore at Iowa State College of agriculture and technology in the United States. He mainly studied crop science and soil science, and then animal husbandry, economics and sociology. He graduated in June 1924 with a bachelor's degree in Comparative Research on experimental research and extension methods of agricultural education in the United States. He went to Graduate School of the University of Wisconsin to study crop genetics, breeding and agronomy. One year later, the university decided that it had achieved good results and was exempted from paying papers. In June 1925, it awarded the master's degree and continued to study for a doctorate. In June 1927, he completed the research on linkage genetics of rice and obtained a doctor's degree. After that, he went to Cornell University to continue to study the relationship between cell chromosome and trait inheritance, and took the opportunity to visit the agricultural colleges, agricultural experimental sites and extension departments of various state universities, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of American agricultural science and technology education. In March 1928, he ended his study in the United States and returned home via Europe. He visited Britain, France, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Sweden and Germany to learn about the recovery and development of agriculture in Europe after the first World War. This visit has gained a lot. In his later years, he wrote in his memoirs the rosam agricultural experimental farm, which was established in 1840 in England. He saw the white haired professor and young students working hard together. They classified the experimental records of the past years into volumes, kept them completely and had copies for reference, so as to avoid repeated experiments. He also saw a private school near Berlin, Germany At that time, the sugar beet breeding farm had been expanded into a sugar beet seed company, which could supply 40% of the world's sugar beet seeds every year. The breeding farm cooperates with the surrounding farmers to breed and produce sugarbeet varieties. They all undergo strict sugar determination. The scale of the laboratory is very large. Hundreds of women are engaged in the laboratory work. Those whose sugar content is below the standard or whose impurities, damaged grains and appearance are not up to the standard will be eliminated. He is deeply impressed by the rigor and seriousness of the work. In the summer of 1928, Zhao Lianfang passed through Harbin and Dalian and returned to Shanghai. He was welcomed by Liang Xi and Wu juenong of the Chinese agricultural society. Then he met with Guo Tanxian, director of the Agricultural Sciences of Jinling University, and Zou Bingwen, former dean of the Agricultural College of Southeast University in Nanjing. After Zou's recommendation, he went to Henan to assist general Feng Yuxiang in planning agricultural improvement in North China. He was in Beiyuan (now Baiquan) of Huixian county After the investigation and planning of the camp and the adjustment of the flower arrangement land, a plan report on the establishment of an agricultural experimental farm was put forward. Later, due to the waiting for approval, it took time. The new academic year was about to begin. Shen Zonghan introduced him back to Nanjing to become an associate professor of Agricultural Sciences at Jinling University, giving lectures on crop science. In December of the same year, at the invitation of Zou Bingwen, he was employed as the director and technician of the Department of agronomy of Guangxi Bureau of agricultural affairs. He presided over the improvement of rice production and initiated the work of rice breeding for Guangxi. Because of the contradiction between Jiang and GUI, he returned to Nanjing from Guangxi and became a professor and head of the Department of Agronomy, School of agriculture, Central University. On the one hand, he taught breeding and rice farming. At the same time, he actively expanded Kunshan rice experimental field to carry out experimental research on rice breeding and field technology, and became an early rice improvement center in the Yangtze River Basin. In 1932, Dong Shijin was in charge of the preparation for the establishment of Jiangxi Academy of agriculture, and Zhao was employed as a council member to be responsible for the establishment of nanguankou and Liantang rice experimental farms and rural service cooperatives. During this period, Zhao published several papers and works, such as "some basic experiments of rice breeding", "field technology of rice breeding", "theory and implementation of rice breeding", which had an important impact on the improvement of early rice breeding technology in China. After 1934, Zhao Lianfang transferred to the national agricultural administrative and scientific research institutions and served as the director of the Agricultural Department of the National Economic Commission. In order to develop grain production, he allocated more funds and expanded the scope to establish the National Institute for improvement of rice and wheat on the basis of the two parts of the work of the Department of agronomy of the Central Agricultural Experimental Institute. He was also the director of the rice cultivation group and the director of the national rice inspection department. During this period, he traveled all over the southern rice region. He planned to improve the rice production technology and seek self-sufficiency of rice, especially to establish the rice quality inspection system. Because of the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, he failed to put it into practice. When the Anti Japanese war broke out in 1937, Shanghai and Nanjing were occupied one after another

Chinese PinYin : Zhao Lian Fang